Despite the emergence of historical scholarship concerning masculinity in the past two decades, historians have largely failed to examine masculinity during either of the two World Wars. This thesis examines the use of masculinity within a selection of posters that the British government's Parliamentary Recruitment Committee produced during their preconscription period in World War I (1914-1915). Using a visual template to deconstruct the designs and messages of the selected posters, the thesis contends that the posters incorporated familiar prewar masculine images and ideas in order to lure potential recruits into the British army. The posters' use of prewar masculine ideology also contributed to their idyllic presentation of war, which differed significantly from the actual experiences of British soldiers. In addition to poster analysis, this thesis examines how British boys became familiar with "militaristic masculinity" in the prewar period, as well as the modern poster and its prominent role within the PRC campaign. / Department of History

There is no abstract available for this dissertation.

Canada's volunteer military faces a major manning problem. High attrition rates reflect youth indifference to military service, and research indicates that the manpower pool from which recruits are drawn will shrink significantly in the next two decades, exacerbating an already difficult situation. / This thesis reports on the first part of a two phase study investigating some of the variables and the dynamics underlying training attrition. In this phase three personality inventories, Holland's Vocational Preference Inventory (VPI), Levenson's Locus of Control Scale (LCS), and Super's Work Values Inventory (WVI) were related to four discrete categories of attrition and to several composite attrition criteria. In addition, Holland's personality-environment congruence hypothesis was tested. / Two distinct samples were used: military recruits, and their supervising Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs). The recruit sample consisted of 795, 17-25 year old, males who successfully completed Canadian Forces Basic Training without being recoursed, as well as 185 recruits grouped into four discrete and three composite attrition categories. The NCO sample consisted of the 30 Squad NCOs in charge of training the recruit sample. / Both recruit and NCO samples were administered questionnaires prior to the start of training. The questionnaires, contained the personality inventories indicated, as well as measures of variables to be analyzed in the second phase of this study. / Statistical analysis was carried out using (chi)('2), ANOVA, and point biserial corrrelations. Since this was a field study, the level of significance utilized was p < .05. / Three of four hypotheses were supported: (a) Recruits who share congruent LCS personality types with their Squad NCO and the modal squad personality type had lower attrition rates, supporting Holland's congruency hypothesis. (b) As a group, recruits with Realistic, Investigative and Conventional personality types, were more congruent with the squad environments, and exhibited significantly less attrition than Artistic, Social and Enterprising types, supporting the congruency hypothesis, and the use of Holland's theory in the analysis of vocational change. (c) A postulated difference in attrition between LCS personality types, Internals, Externals-Chance and External-Powerful Others, was not supported by the data. However, recruits in one of the composite attrition categories scored significantly higher on the External-Chance sub-scale of Levenson's LCS, suggesting poorer adaptation among those who believe that chance has a controlling effect on their lives. (d) Several work values were negatively correlated with the various attrition categories, possibly an outcome of the modal "blue collar" orientation of the sample. However, the "life style" value correlated positively with those who were passing and requested release and the "surroundings" value correlated positively with those who were failing and requested release, suggesting a consistent relationship between certain work values and attrition categories. / Overall results confirm the usefulness of utilizing multiple, discrete, and composite attrition criteria and of investigating attrition from a micro-environmental perspective. The study also supports Holland's personality-environment congruence hypothesis, and suggests a consistent relationship between personality variables and attrition.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Smith College School for Social Work, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-80).

Thesis (doctoral)-Universität, Potsdam, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 538-571) and indexes.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Esta pesquisa pretende analisar a formaÃÃo dos batalhÃes provisÃrios cearenses para a Guerra de 1932. Este conflito, mais conhecido como âRevoluÃÃo Constitucionalista de 32â foi, por muito tempo, analisado privilegiando o estado de SÃo Paulo, mas pesquisas recentes apontam para um forte envolvimento de toda a NaÃÃo a partir de relevantes instituiÃÃes federais, como as Interventorias estaduais e as ForÃas Armadas. Dessa forma, o primeiro capÃtulo busca compreender a construÃÃo da legitimaÃÃo para a guerra, a partir de vÃrios discursos e pronunciamentos oficiais que circularam no estado, ressignificados no contexto da guerra, como a âRevoluÃÃo de 30â e a polÃtica de combate à seca. AlÃm disso, este capÃtulo averigua diversas aÃÃes contrÃrias ao Governo ProvisÃrio que procuravam desestabilizar a forÃa federal no CearÃ. O segundo capÃtulo analisa o impacto da guerra no Cearà e a mobilizaÃÃo da populaÃÃo em torno da legitimaÃÃo construÃda pelos apoiadores do governo Vargas no estado. A mobilizaÃÃo da populaÃÃo à bem maior que o nÃmero de alistados que foram enviados ao front, como pode ser percebido atravÃs das vÃrias manifestaÃÃes que ocorreram durante a guerra, oriundas de diversas entidades e pessoas, e das mais variadas formas. TambÃm à analisada a estrutura estatal construÃda para a formaÃÃo e treinamento dos batalhÃes provisÃrios, em diÃlogo com a polÃtica federal de combate aos revoltosos, o ExÃrcito Nacional e a Interventoria local. O Ãltimo capÃtulo tem como objetivo analisar a heterogeneidade dos batalhÃes provisÃrios e como diversos sujeitos, com experiÃncias sociais distintas, se integraram nas forÃas provisÃrias. TambÃm procuro perceber as diversas tensÃes que estÃo relacionadas com esse processo, atravÃs dos diversos usos polÃticos e das contradiÃÃes que marcaram o alistamento. / This paper aims to examine the formation of the provisional battalions from Cearà for the War of 1932. This conflict, known as âRevoluÃÃo Constitucionalista de 32â has been analyzed, for a long time, in a way focuses in the state of SÃo Paulo, but recent research shows strong involvement of the whole nation in the form of relevant federal institutions, such as the states Federally appointed governors and the Armed Forces. Thus, the first chapter seeks to understand the construction of the governmentâs case for war, from various speeches and official pronouncements that circulated in the state, given new meanings in the context of war, such as the âRevoluÃÃo de 30â and the policy to solve the problem of droughts. Also, this chapter looks into various actions against the âGoverno ProvisÃrioâ seeking to destabilize the federal force in CearÃ. The second chapter examines the impact of the war in Cearà and the mobilization of the population around the legitimacy built by supporters of the Vargas regime in the state. The overall mobilization of the population is much greater than the number of enlisted men who were sent to the front lines, as can be seen through the various events that occurred during the war, organized by various entities and persons, in different ways. It also reviews the state infrastructure built for the establishment and training of provisional battalions of troops, in direct accordance with the federal policy to fight the insurgents, with the Army and Federally appointed governors. The final chapter aims to analyze the heterogeneity of the provisional battalions and how different subjects, with different social experiences, are among the provisional forces. I also try understand the various tensions that are associated with this process, through the various uses and political contradictions that have surrounded the enlisting.

No description available.

No description available.

There is a gap in existing literature in regards to the role of community in understanding the motivations of Civil War soldiers. Current historiographical studies try to apply the same motivational factors to entire states, armies, or to all Union or Confederate soldiers in general. Some historians even attempt to show that regardless of Union or Confederate, soldiers' motivations were similar due to a shared American identity. This thesis explores a community in the mountain valleys of present-day Southwest Virginia, which stayed loyal to Richmond and the Confederacy. This case study of Montgomery County illustrates that enlistment motivations varied based on a mixture of internal and external factors distinctive to a soldier's community; therefore, there cannot be a representative sample of the Confederate Army that covers all the nuances that makes each community unique. Enlistment was both a personal decision and one influenced by the environment. Montgomery County soldiers were the product of their community that included external factors such as slavery, occupation, and class, and internal ideological themes such as honor, masculinity, and patriotism, that compelled them to enlist in the Confederate Army in the first year of the war, April 1861 through April 1862. These men enlisted to protect their status quo when it was convenient for them to leave their home and occupation, and if they had fewer family obligations. / Master of Arts

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The purpose of this thesis is to firstly analyze the determinants on the survival of United States Marine Corps Officers, and secondly, to develop the methodology to optimize the accessions of prior and non-prior enlisted officers. Using data from the Marine Corps Officer Accession Career file (MCCOAC), the Cox Proportional Hazards Model is used to estimate the effects of officer characteristics on their survival as a commissioned officer in the USMC. A Markov model for career transition is combined with fiscal data to determine the optimum number of prior and non-prior enlisted officers under the constraints of force structure and budget. The findings indicate that prior enlisted officers have a better survival rate than their non-prior enlisted counterparts. Additionally, officers who are married, commissioned through MECEP, graduate in the top third of their TBS class, and are assigned to a combat support MOS have a better survival rate than officers who are unmarried, commissioned through USNA, graduate in the middle third of their TBS class, and are assigned to either combat or combat service support MOS. The findings also indicate that the optimum number of prior enlisted officer accessions may be considerably lower than recent trends and may differ across MOS. Based on the findings; it is recommended that prior enlisted officer accession figures be reviewed. / Major, Australian Army