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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

O uso do termosc?pio e da contextualiza??o hist?rica na cria??o e aplica??o de uma unidade did?tica para o ensino de termometria / The use of thermoscope and historical contextualization in the creation and application of a teaching unit for the teaching of thermometry

Silva, Jeany Eunice da 07 December 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-03-12T14:49:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanyEuniceDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2819903 bytes, checksum: d56b2972cc49b76d10b40981a552744e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-03-14T20:35:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanyEuniceDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2819903 bytes, checksum: d56b2972cc49b76d10b40981a552744e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-14T20:35:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeanyEuniceDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 2819903 bytes, checksum: d56b2972cc49b76d10b40981a552744e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-07 / Ao longo das ?ltimas d?cadas a ?rea da Hist?ria e Filosofia da Ci?ncia (HFC) tem sido considerada como ferramenta importante no ensino de f?sica, como evidenciado na literatura especializada da ?rea de Did?tica das Ci?ncias. Apesar do aumento dessas publica??es, ainda ? restrita a rela??o direta com a educa??o b?sica, o ?como fazer? ainda limita a??es diretas que possam de fato influenciar a constru??o do conhecimento no ensino de f?sica. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com objetivo de construir, aplicar e avaliar uma sequ?ncia did?tica a partir de elementos hist?ricos e do uso do termosc?pio. A tem?tica escolhida foi o ensino da f?sica t?rmica, com a reprodu??o e explora??o do termosc?pio, instrumento de medida qualitativa de calor, utilizado por muitos estudiosos desde o s?culo V a.C. e que se tornou equipamento importante no processo de constru??o dos conceitos utilizados hoje de calor e de temperatura. A utiliza??o de experimentos com valor hist?rico pode ajudar a aproximar o aluno da f?sica, contribuindo tanto para a contextualiza??o hist?rica dos conhecimentos quanto para a aprendizagem de conceitos. Este produto educacional utiliza os tr?s momentos pedag?gicos (problematiza??o inicial, organiza??o do conhecimento e aplica??o do conhecimento) e ? composto por tr?s modelos de termosc?pios, constru?dos com materiais de f?cil acesso; tr?s textos, sendo dois produzidos por n?s e um adaptado; um roteiro para o professor; e um question?rio de fixa??o para o aluno. O produto foi aplicado no segundo ano do ensino m?dio de uma escola p?blica de Natal/RN. Os resultados indicam que o uso do termosc?pio e da HFC foi considerado uma abordagem positiva e que gerou momentos de investiga??o, confronto de ideias, reflex?o e argumenta??o por parte dos alunos, possibilitando que eles percebessem que seus conhecimentos podem ser restritos at? certo ponto e que ? necess?rio aprofundar ou reorganizar o saber, reestruturando o pensamento. / Over the last decades the area of History and Philosophy of Science (HPS) has been considered as an important tool in the teaching of physics, as evidenced in specialized literature in Science Education area. Despite the increase in these publications, the direct relationship with basic education is still restricted, the "how to do it" still limits direct actions that may in fact influence the construction of knowledge in physics teaching. The present work was developed with the objective of constructing, applying and evaluating a didactic sequence based on historical elements and the use of the thermoscope. The theme chosen was the teaching of thermal physics, with the reproduction and the exploration of the thermoscope, a qualitative instrumentto measure heat, used by many scholars since the fifth century b.C. and which became important equipment in the process of constructing today's concepts of heat and temperature. The use of experiments with historical value can help to bring the student closer to physics, contributing both to the historical contextualization of knowledge and to the learning of concepts. This educational product uses the three pedagogical moments (initial questioning, organization of knowledge and application of knowledge) and is composed of three models of thermocoscopes, constructed with materials of easy access; three texts, two being produced by us and one adapted; one script for the teacher; and one attachment questionnaire for the student. The product was applied in the second level of high school of a public school in the city of Natal/RN. The results indicate that the use of the thermoscope and of the HPS was considered a positive approach and generated moments of investigation, confrontation of ideas, reflection and argumentation on the part of the students, allowing them to perceive that their knowledge can be restricted to a certain extent and that it is necessary to deepen or reorganize the knowledge, restructuring the thinking.
22

O estudo da radia??o X: desenvolvendo uma estrat?gia de ensino para a aprendizagem significativa

Jesus, Jarbas da Silva de 04 December 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-09-13T21:07:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O VERS?O HOMOLOGA??O.pdf: 14613657 bytes, checksum: 59d9f7fcb7ea6c750847d834c7dd1631 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T21:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTA??O VERS?O HOMOLOGA??O.pdf: 14613657 bytes, checksum: 59d9f7fcb7ea6c750847d834c7dd1631 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This work had as it main goal the development of an educational product (Didactic Sequence) which is capable of enabling a meaningful learning of Modern and Contemporary Physics concepts from the X Radiation production and Emission Theory During High School years. The current work discussed the influence of the use of a didactic sequence, made upon the M?heut model and based on the Ausubel meaningful learning theory, in the insertion of Modern and Contemporary Physics in High School, through the use of the X radiation production and emission theory as the main theme. A quantitative analysis was performed by using the Pearson's Chi-squared test to verify the likely association between the didactic sequence use and the students' educational achievement from questionnaires elaborated according to the revised Bloom taxonomy.A conceptual maps analysis was performed based on the progressive differentiation and the integrating reconciliation of concepts to verify the occurrence of a meaningful learning by the students related to the X radiation theory conceptions. The quantitative analysis outputs demonstrated a statistically significant association between the experimental classroom students' performance and the use of the educational product (Didactic Sequence), whilst the conceptual maps analysis indicated the occurrence of a meaningful learning based on the progressive differentiation and the integrating reconciliation of concepts, which validates such educational strategy developed for the teaching of Modern and Contemporary Physics during High School Years. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo central desenvolver um produto educacional (Sequ?ncia Did?tica) que possa potencializar a aprendizagem significativa de conceitos da F?sica Moderna e Contempor?nea, a partir do estudo da Teoria de Produ??o e Emiss?o de Radia??o X, no n?vel m?dio de ensino. O presente estudo discutiu a influ?ncia da aplica??o de uma sequ?ncia did?tica, constru?da com base no modelo de M?heut e fundamentada na Teoria da Aprendizagem Significativa de Ausubel, na inser??o da F?sica Moderna e Contempor?nea no n?vel m?dio, utilizando a Teoria de Produ??o e Emiss?o de Radia??o X como tema principal. Foi realizada uma an?lise quantitativa, usando o teste qui-quadrado de Pearson, para verificar a poss?vel associa??o entre a aplica??o da sequ?ncia did?tica e o rendimento dos estudantes, a partir de question?rios elaborados de acordo com a Taxonomia de Bloom revisada. Foi realizada uma an?lise de mapas conceituais com base na percep??o da diferencia??o progressiva e da reconcilia??o integradora de conceitos, para verificar a ocorr?ncia da aprendizagem significativa dos estudantes acerca dos conceitos da Teoria da Radia??o X. Os resultados da an?lise quantitativa mostraram a exist?ncia de uma associa??o estatisticamente significante entre o rendimento dos estudantes da turma experimental e a aplica??o do produto educacional (Sequ?ncia Did?tica), enquanto que a an?lise dos mapas conceituais indicou a ocorr?ncia de aprendizagem significativa, com base na diferencia??o progressiva e reconcilia??o integradora de conceitos, o que valida a estrat?gia de ensino desenvolvida para o ensino de conceitos de F?sica Moderna o Contempor?nea no Ensino M?dio.
23

Reflex?es e contribui??es para o ensino de gravita??o cl?ssica no n?vel m?dio

Medeiros, Geneci Cavalcanti Moura de 19 May 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:04:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GeneciCMM.pdf: 298458 bytes, checksum: 59fea7c551e940b5b505ab7e08e9b5f0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-19 / The subject of Classic Gravitation is part of the actual curriculum for High School in Brazil, and it is taught in the first year of that education level. This master thesis presents a research regarding the subject Classic Gravitation in High School. This research was based in two complementary guidelines of research and action. The first guideline was the analysis of 21 didactic books of physics which are the more frequently used in High School, in the city of Natal/RN. The second guideline, worked after being verified the most common deficiencies presents in the didactic books, was the elaboration, followed by a practical application, of a course suggesting how to approach that subject in the classroom. The Par?metros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino M?dio (National Curricular Parameters for High School PCNEM) defend that Classic Gravitation is very important in the student s formation and that its study helps the comprehension of many nature s phenomena. Because of this vision of that subject by the PCNEM, the 21 analyzed books were separated in two groups: the first one, containing 10 books, was edited before the spreading of PCNEM, and the second, with 11 books, after that spreading. Whatever the group to which the didactic books belonged, the great majority of them let that subject in a second plan; two of them even suggesting, in the teacher s orientations, that the subject Gravitation can be suppressed in case of insufficient time . These analyses points that the PCNEM had produced no changes in the conception of the authors that wrote books regarding that subject. To analyze the didactic books, we elaborated a script which was used as an analysis tool, in which we put in evidence the relative importance of the historic and philosophic contextualization of the subject, the quotidian experience of the students and the interdisciplinary approach, among other aspects. It became evident that the didactic books give very little emphasis to historic aspects of the knowledge construction, to the relations with the day-by-day questions and to the interdisciplinary character of the subject Gravitation. It calls attention the non concordance among the authors opinions regarding the necessary previous knowledge or prerequisites the students should fulfill in order to begin to study Gravitation. The course we elaborated was given to a group of teachers as well as to students. In those courses we treated theoretical and practical aspects and emphasized historical questions and the ones which are related to people s daily life. The course for teachers was realized as an extra-mural activity of the UFRN and was given by the author of this thesis at the Escola Estadual Francisco Ivo Cavalcanti (a state public school in Natal/RN). There were 23 teachers present, from several public schools and several fields of knowledge. The thesis supervisor and the master degree s colleagues of the author acted as collaborators , reporting the participants opinions and speeches. The course to the students, on the other hand, had the participation of 300 regular students who belonged to 6 different 1st year classes of the High School Escola Marista de Natal (RN), in which the author acts as a physics teacher. The student s course was realized as part of the regular curriculum activities, in which three classes stood under the responsibility of the author and other three classes in charge of another Marista s teacher, who participated as a collaborator . The teacher s course as well as the students one were given in two stages, with five hours each. The first stage was divided in two moments, the first one focused on the survey of the spontaneous conceptions about gravitation, in which we worked basically with experiments of free throwing and pendulum, and the second one focused in theoretical presentations and quarrels about universe s models. In the second stage of the course we improved the study of Kepler s laws and the Newton s Universal Gravitation law, and we used as motivating tools some practices involving the construction of the solar system in scale. As instruments for evaluating both courses we used questionnaires and reported the speeches with participants opinions, beyond usual written evaluations in the course for the students. The teachers who participated in the course showed very good wills in realizing interdisciplinary practices; nevertheless, according their own speeches, they frequently came across the difficulty of how to do . From the experience we had in both courses, we conclude that the approach we propose hear to the teaching of the subject Classic Gravitation , supported on the tripod theory, practice and historical and philosophical aspects, is viable and effective. One hopes that this research may contribute in the formation of a opinion, among the teachers, concerning how to approach the subject of Classic Gravitation, and may offer suggestions in order those who want to apply that approach may develop classroom practices aiming to improve the teaching of that subject, which has a singular importance in the formation of High School students / O tema Gravita??o Cl?ssica faz parte do curr?culo vigente para o Ensino M?dio, sendo ministrado na 1a s?rie desse n?vel de ensino. Esta disserta??o apresenta uma pesquisa a respeito do tema Gravita??o Cl?ssica no Ensino M?dio baseada em dois eixos norteadores e complementares de pesquisa e a??o. O primeiro eixo ap?ia-se na an?lise de 21 livros did?ticos de F?sica, que s?o mais comumente utilizados no Ensino M?dio na cidade de Natal/RN. O segundo eixo, trabalhado ap?s serem verificadas as defici?ncias mais comuns presentes nos livros did?ticos, corresponde ? elabora??o, seguida da aplica??o pr?tica, de um curso sugerindo como abordar o tema em sala de aula. Os Par?metros Curriculares Nacionais para o Ensino M?dio (PCNEM) advogam que esse tema ? muito importante para a forma??o dos alunos e que o seu estudo auxilia na compreens?o de diversos fen?menos da natureza. Considerando essa vis?o do tema pelos PCNEM, os 21 livros analisados foram separados em dois grupos: o primeiro grupo, com 10 livros, foi editado antes da divulga??o dos PCNEM, e o segundo grupo, com 11 livros, ap?s a sua divulga??o. Independentemente de pertencer ao primeiro ou ao segundo grupo, a grande maioria dos livros did?ticos relega o tema para um segundo plano; dois deles chegam ao extremo de sugerir, nas orienta??es aos professores, que o conte?do Gravita??o seja omitido, caso o tempo seja insuficiente . Essa constata??o sinaliza no sentido de que os PCNEM n?o produziram nenhuma mudan?a na concep??o dos autores dos livros a respeito do tema. Para a an?lise dos livros did?ticos, utilizou-se como instrumento um roteiro que elaboramos, por meio do qual se procurou evidenciar a import?ncia relativa da contextualiza??o hist?rica e filos?fica do tema, da experi?ncia cotidiana dos alunos e da interdisciplinaridade, entre outros pontos. Constatou-se que os livros did?ticos pouco enfatizam os aspectos hist?ricos da constru??o do conhecimento, a rela??o com as quest?es do cotidiano e o car?ter interdisciplinar do tema Gravita??o. Chama a aten??o a n?o concord?ncia entre os autores a respeito do conhecimento anterior ou dos pr?-requisitos necess?rios aos alunos para iniciarem o estudo da Gravita??o. O curso que elaboramos foi ministrado tanto para professores como para alunos, sendo abordados aspectos te?ricos e pr?ticos, com ?nfase em quest?es hist?ricas e em quest?es relacionadas com o cotidiano das pessoas. O curso para professores foi realizado como uma atividade de extens?o da UFRN e foi ministrado, pela autora desta disserta??o, na Escola Estadual Francisco Ivo Cavalcanti (Natal/RN). Fizeram-se presentes a esse evento 23 professores de v?rias escolas da rede p?blica e de v?rias ?reas do conhecimento. O orientador e os colegas mestrandos da autora desta disserta??o atuaram como colaboradores, registrando opini?es e relatos dos participantes. O curso para alunos contou com a participa??o de 300 alunos regularmente matriculados em seis diferentes turmas do 1? ano do Ensino M?dio da Escola Marista de Natal/RN, onde a autora desta disserta??o atua como professora de F?sica. Esse curso para alunos foi realizado como parte das atividades curriculares normais, ficando tr?s turmas sob responsabilidade direta da autora desta disserta??o e tr?s outras a cargo de outro professor da escola, que atuou como colaborador. Tanto o curso para professores como o curso para alunos constou de duas etapas, cada uma de 5 horas. A primeira etapa foi desdobrada em dois momentos, sendo o primeiro centrado no levantamento das concep??es espont?neas sobre Gravita??o, trabalhando-se basicamente com os experimentos de lan?amento livre e p?ndulo; o segundo momento centrou-se em apresenta??es te?ricas e discuss?es sobre os modelos de universo. A segunda etapa do curso foi um aprofundamento sobre as Leis de Kepler e a Lei da Gravita??o Universal de Newton, sendo utilizadas, como instrumentos motivadores, pr?ticas envolvendo constru??es do sistema solar em escala. Como instrumentos de avalia??o de ambos os cursos, foram utilizados question?rios e relatos de opini?es, al?m de avalia??es usuais, na vers?o do curso para alunos. Os professores participantes demonstraram disponibilidade para realizar pr?ticas interdisciplinares; todavia, segundo seus pr?prios relatos, eles freq?entemente esbarravam na dificuldade do como fazer . Da experi?ncia vivida nos dois cursos, verificou-se que a abordagem aqui proposta para o tema Gravita??o Cl?ssica, apoiada no trip? teoria, pr?tica e aspectos hist?ricos e filos?ficos, ? vi?vel e efetiva. Espera-se que essa pesquisa possa contribuir na forma??o de uma opini?o, entre os professores, a respeito de como abordar o tema Gravita??o Cl?ssica, e possa fornecer subs?dios para que os interessados desenvolvam pr?ticas em sala de aula visando aprimorar o ensino desse tema, que ? de import?ncia ?mpar na forma??o dos alunos do Ensino M?dio
24

A desist?ncia de alunos na licenciatura em f?sica no Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN): causas e sugest?es para o combate

Gomes, Fernando Costa Fernandes 05 August 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:04:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernandoCFG_DISSERT.pdf: 4397896 bytes, checksum: 37f1c08102d90e6c9b8fe520fc84d920 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-05 / This dissertation proposes studying the issue of withdrawal undergraduate in physics at the Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) and collaborate with suggestions for dealing with this problem. The first chapter begins with an overview of two significant problems in the Brazilian educational system: the high dropout rates in degrees in physics and the lack of teachers with specific training in this science. Then, we discuss the relevance of this research to the area of physics teaching, as well as justify its completion as part of a professional master's degree. After, we present a proper definition for the term withdrawal, which is based on the existing problem in the IFRN. And, in the same chapter, we explicitly the focus, the objectives and the methodological aspects of this work. The results obtained in our investigation are presented in next four chapters. In the second chapter of this dissertation, we present: a brief history of the creation of IFRN degree in physics, the functioning of this course and the foundation of classrooms 2004.2 and 2006.1. We also show a kind of map of the withdrawal of the groups investigated (the dropout rate was 84.4% in both groups) and an analysis of the relationship between the curricula of each of them and the number of dropouts. In the third chapter, we display a descriptive statistics of the students which dropout and found that the largest dropout occurred with students who are women, married, parents of one kid; workers, joined with a minimum age of 23 years and completed high school at least 6 years. Then in the fourth chapter, we reveal and discuss the students' reports on the causes of their dropout. From the data presented, we can say that the answer to the question "What was the main reason for your dropout?" Is mainly in personal injury claims: another option for upper-level course and lack of time to devote to the course. In the fifth chapter, we show the results related to teacher s opinions about the phenomenon in question. We detected three main causes for the abandonment, according to teachers: the lack of dedication, the lack of interest and lack of integration in the course. In the sixth and final chapter, we discuss the results and present our conclusion and the proposed report - the product of this dissertation, presented as Annex. This report contains mainly suggestions for curricular and institutional actions that can contribute to reducing the dropout degree in Physics in the IFRN. The main actions suggested are: implementation of the curriculum in disciplines, implementation of programs or actions to combat this poor content of basic training, implementation of specific programs or actions for the student worker, and dissemination of IFRN degree in physics in schools through seminars or workshops / A presente disserta??o prop?e como quest?o-foco estudar a desist?ncia de licenciandos em F?sica no Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN) e colaborar com a proposta de sugest?es para o enfrentamento dessa problem?tica. O primeiro cap?tulo se inicia com uma vis?o panor?mica de dois problemas significativos no sistema educacional brasileiro: as altas taxas de desist?ncia nas licenciaturas em F?sica e a falta de professores com forma??o espec?fica nesta ci?ncia. Em seguida, discutimos a relev?ncia desta pesquisa para a ?rea de ensino de F?sica, bem como justificamos a sua realiza??o no ?mbito de um mestrado profissionalizante. Apresentamos uma defini??o pr?pria para o termo desist?ncia, elaborado com base na problem?tica existente no IFRN. E, ainda no primeiro cap?tulo, explicitamos a quest?o-foco, os objetivos e os aspectos metodol?gicos deste trabalho. Os resultados obtidos em nossa investiga??o s?o apresentados nos quatro cap?tulos seguintes. No segundo cap?tulo desta disserta??o, apresentamos: um breve hist?rico da cria??o da licenciatura em F?sica do IFRN, o funcionamento deste curso e o surgimento das turmas 2004.2 e 2006.1. Tamb?m mostramos uma esp?cie de mapa da desist?ncia das turmas investigadas (o ?ndice de desist?ncia a 84,4% em ambas as turmas) e uma an?lise da rela??o entre os curr?culos de cada um delas e o n?mero de abandonos. No terceiro cap?tulo, exibimos uma estat?stica descritiva da caracteriza??o s?cio educacional do p?blico desistente e identificamos que as maiores desist?ncias ocorreram com alunos que s?o: mulheres; casados; pais de um filho; trabalhadores; ingressaram com idade m?nima de 23 anos e conclu?ram o ensino m?dio h? pelo menos 6 anos. Em seguida, no quarto cap?tulo, revelamos e discutimos os relatos dos alunos sobre as causas de suas desist?ncias. Diante dos dados apresentados, podemos afirmar que a resposta ? pergunta Qual foi o principal motivo da sua desist?ncia? encontra-se majoritariamente em causas pessoais: op??o por outro curso de n?vel superior e falta de tempo para se dedicar ao curso. No quinto cap?tulo, expomos os resultados relacionados ?s opini?es docentes sobre o fen?meno em quest?o. Detectamos tr?s principais causas para o abandono, segundo os professores: a falta de dedica??o; a falta de interesse; e a falta de integra??o no curso. No sexto e ?ltimo cap?tulo, discutimos os resultados obtidos e apresentamos nossa conclus?o e o relat?rio proposto produto desta disserta??o, apresentado como anexo. Esse relat?rio cont?m, principalmente, sugest?es de a??es institucionais e curriculares que podem contribuir para a redu??o da desist?ncia na licenciatura em F?sica no IFRN. As principais a??es sugeridas s?o: implanta??o da matriz curricular em disciplinas; implanta??o de programas ou a??es para combater a forma??o b?sica de conte?dos deficiente; implanta??o de programas ou a??es espec?ficos para o aluno trabalhador; e divulga??o da licenciatura em F?sica do IFRN em escolas por meio de semin?rios ou workshops

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