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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
181

Perfil genético de Enteroccocus faecalis isolados de infecção endodôntica primária no Brasil comparados a isolados orais e não-orais do Reino Unido e do Japão / Genetic profile of Enterococcus Faecalis isolated from primary edndodontic infecyion in Brazil compared to isolates from oral and non-oral infection from United Kingdom and Japan

Renata Ximenes Lins 25 January 2013 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), conhecidamente patógeno oportunista, tem sido frequentemente associado a infecções sistêmicas graves. É também encontrado na cavidade oral, com destaque em infecção endodôntica refratária. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar características moleculares de E. faecalis isolados de infecção endodôntica primária no Brasil e comparar com isolados orais e não orais de pacientes do Reino Unido e do Japão, assim como E. faecalis resistentes à vancomicina. O presente estudo também investigou o relacionamento entre E. faecalis de diferentes origens (oral e não oral) e de diferentes áreas geográficas para obter uma melhor compreensão do envolvimento dos diferentes reservatórios no surgimento e propagação de clones virulentos, aqueles que possuem genes que conferem infectividade e virulência, assim como resistência aos antibióticos. Para tal, foram estudados E. faecalis isolados em infecções endodônticas no Brasil (n = 20) e orais no Reino Unido (n = 10), e em infecções não orais no Japão (n = 9). Além disso, 20 E. faecalis isolados ambientais do Hospital Universitário de Gales (Cardiff, Reino Unido), classificados como Enterococcus resistentes à vancomicina (VRE) também foram examinados. A Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) dos isolados do Brasil foi obtida pelo método de diluição em agar de acordo com as recomendações do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Reação em cadeia da polimerase (inglês - PCR) foi a técnica empregada para detectar os genes de virulência e aqueles associados à resistência aos antibióticos, enquanto Reação de Amplificação Aleatória de DNA Polimórfico (inglês - RAPD-PCR) foi escolhida para a tipagem molecular. Dentre os genes de virulência examinados, o gene que codifica a gelatinase gelE foi o mais prevalente entre os isolados (77-100%). Entre isolados orais, foram detectados os genes agg de substâncias de agregação, esp de proteína de evasão imune, cylB de citolisina, genes de resistência à tetraciclina tetM e tetL e à eritromicina ermB com diferentes prevalências. Os isolados clínicos hospitalares do Japão apresentaram perfil genético similar aos isolados orais, mas com maior prevalência de ermB e cylB. Todas as amostras de VRE foram positivas para os genes gelE, esp, agg, vanA, ermB e tetM, 95% foram positivos para cylB e 17% positivo para tetL. Todas as amostras foram negativas para ermA, asa373, vanB, vanC1 e vanC2/3. RAPD-PCR revelou agrupamento de VRE em comparação com outros isolados. Neste estudo, os isolados de E. faecalis de infecções orais apresentaram genes de resistência à tetraciclina, um antimicrobiano frequentemente usado no tratamento local de infecções dentárias, abrindo um debate muito importante sobre o papel e a eficácia desta droga para infecções orais. Claramente, são necessários mais estudos nesta área principalmente em relação à expressão de fatores de virulência entre isolados endodônticos para melhor nortear as estratégias de tratamento. As pressões externas no microambiente dos canais radiculares podem ser responsáveis pela seleção de espécies mais resistentes e virulentas. Por fim, embora isolados orais apresentem genes de virulência fundamentais para a patogenicidade, estes foram detectados em menor incidência em comparação com os isolados não-orais e VRE. / Enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic pathogen known to cause serious systemic infection. It is also encountered in the oral cavity and has been implicated in persistent root canal infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate a range of molecular characteristics of E. faecalis isolated from primary endondontic infections in Brazil and compare to isolates from oral and non-oral infections in patients from UK and Japan, as well as isolates of vancomycin resistant E. faecalis, VRE, from a hospital environment. The present study was undertaken to explore the relatedness of E. faecalis from different origins, oral and non oral, and from different geographic areas to gain a better understanding of the involvement of the different reservoirs in the emergence and spread of virulent clones, those that acquired a number of genes conferring infectivity and virulence and in addition antibiotic resistance. To do this, E. faecalis from oral infections in Brazilian (n=20) and UK patients (n=10), and non-oral infection in japanese patients (n=9) were studied. In addition, 20 environmental VRE isolates from the University Hospital of Wales (Cardiff, UK) were also examined. For braziliam isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility was ascertained by agar dilution, using the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). For all isolates, PCR with validated primers was used to detect genes associated with antibiotic resistance and virulence, whilst RAPD-PCR was used to fingerprint isolates. Of the virulence genes examined, gelatinase gene gelE was most prevalent amongst isolates (77-100%). In the case of oral isolates, the genes of aggregation substances agg, immune evasion protein esp, cytolysin cylB, tetracycline resistance tetM and tetL and erythromycin resistance ermB were detected with varying prevalence. Japanese hospital isolates had a similar genetic profile to oral isolates but with higher prevalence of ermB and cylB. All VRE strains were positive for gelE, esp, agg, vanA, ermB and tetM, 95% were positive for cylB and 17% positive for tetL. All isolates were negative for ermA, asa373 vanB, vanC1 and vanC2/3. RAPD-PCR revealed clustering of VRE compared with other isolates. In this study, isolates of E. faecalis from oral infections showed antibiotic resistance genes for tetracycline, an agent used in the local treatment of dental infection. This opens up a much-needed debate on the role and efficacy of this antibiotic for oral infections. Clearly, more research in this area is required particularly in relation to the possession and expression of virulence factors in the root canal environment, to better inform our management strategies. Environmental pressures in root canals may be responsible for the selection of more resistant species and the possession of virulence determinants. This knowledge is important in guiding procedures for controlling the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance amongst clinically relevant bacteria. Furthermore, whilst oral isolates had genes that could contribute to pathogenicity, these were detected at lower incidence compared with non-oral and VRE isolates.
182

Antibakterielle Wirksamkeit schall- und ultraschallaktivierter Wurzelkanalspülungen auf einen Enterococcus faecalis-Biofilm / Comparison of the antibacterial efficacy of sonic- and two ultrasonic-activated irrigation techniques in reducing intracanal Enterococcus faecalis populations

Zimmermann, Felix 18 September 2018 (has links)
No description available.
183

Avaliação do efeito do peptídeo antimicrobiano P34 sobre a formação de biofilmes de bactérias Gram-positivas e biofilme polimicrobiano / Effect of the antimicrobial peptide P34 on biofilm formation by Gram-positive bacteria and polymicrobial biofilme

Costa, Géssica Aracéli January 2015 (has links)
O peptídeo antimicrobiano P34, produzido por Bacillus sp. P34 é uma substância que vem sendo explorada por apresentar potencial antibacteriano e antiviral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial antibiofilme deste composto frente aos biofilmes formados por Staphylococcus aureus e Enterococcus faecalis provenientes de alimentos. Foram realizadas avaliações frente a células planctônicas e sésseis, bem como, sobre os biofilmes formados por estas bactérias. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a substância antimicrobiana possui capacidade em reduzir o percentual de células microbianas aderidas à superfície, não sendo verificada completa inibição do biofilme. Observou-se um percentual de inibição metabólica das células dos biofilmes dos isolados de S. aureus, porém, as células de E. faecalis apresentaram-se metabolicamente estimuladas. A associação do peptídeo antimicrobiano P34 com a bacteriocina nisina não apresentou efeito sinérgico sobre células de S. aureus F4-1, no entanto, ao ser avaliado individualmente, foi observado efeito bacteriostático sobre este isolado. Na avaliação do efeito deste composto sobre o biofilme polimicrobiano formado por Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076, Candida tropicalis 72-A e S. aureus F4-1 em aço inoxidável tipo AISI 304, observou-se diferença na disposição celular e na arquitetura do biofilme, com diminuição da aderência de células leveduriformes. Na avaliação dos diferentes meios de cultura empregados, a presença de glicose mostra-se como um fator que promoveu um incremento na formação de biofilme de Staphylococcus sp. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a substância apresenta potencial antibiofilme para a espécie S. aureus, e fornecem informações para posteriores estudos sobre os biofilmes polimicrobianos. / The antimicrobial peptide P34, produced by Bacillus sp. P34 is a substance that has been explored by having antibacterial and antiviral potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm potential of this compound compared to biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis from food. Evaluations were carried out against planktonic and sessile cells, as well as on biofilms formed by these bacteria. The obtained results evidence that the antimicrobial substance has ability to reduce the percentage of adhered microbial cells to the surface, not being verified complete inhibition of the biofilm. Was observed a metabolic inhibition percentage of cells isolated in the biofilm of S. aureus, however, E. faecalis cells performed metabolically stimulated. The combination of antimicrobial peptide P34 with the nisin bacteriocin showed no synergistic effect on cells of S. aureus F4-1, however, when evaluated individually, bacteriostatic effect was observed on this isolated. In the evaluation of this compound effect on the polymicrobial biofilm formed by Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076, Candida tropicalis 72-A and S. aureus F4-1 on stainless steel AISI 304, difference was observed in the cell layout and biofilm architecture, with reduced adhesion of yeast cells. The evaluation of different culture media used, the presence of glucose is presented as a factor that promoted an increment in the formation of Staphylococcus sp biofilms. The obtained results indicate that the substance presents antibiofilm potential for the S. aureus species, and provide information for further studies about polymicrobial biofilms.
184

Evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of different antimicrobial pastes currently used as intracanal medication against the pathogen Enterococcus faecalis / AvaliaÃÃo in vitro da efetividade de diferentes pastas antibiÃticas utilizadas para curativos endodÃnticos sobre o E. Faecalis

Adriana Kelly de Sousa Santiago 07 March 2013 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / There is an agreement that in dental treatments with incomplete rizogenese it is necessary an intracanal medication with high antibacterial effect because the use of files and standard protocol based on instrumentation must be avoided to protect the fragile dental element from extra hazard. Several endodontic dressings have been used with this purpose, alone or associated to a copious irrigation procedure. However, it is not yet standardized in the literature a unique medication with protracted and excellent antimicrobial effect, associated to a feasible handling and insertion into the duct. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro effectiveness of different antimicrobial pastes currently used as intracanal medication against the pathogen Enterococcus faecalis by means of agar disk diffusion method. Accordingly, it was created a polypropylene device to simulate the release characteristics of the main root canal. The efficacy tests were performed over a period of 30 days. The formulations studied were distributed in triplicate just as follows: Triantibiotic Paste (metronidazole, ciprofloxacin and minocycline); Biantibiotic Paste (metronidazole and ciprofloxacin); Ciprofloxacin Paste; Amoxilin Paste; Calcium hydroxide paste; 0.9% saline (control group). All pastes were still allotted into 2 categories: open and closed apex. The devices remained in the medium at 37ÂC over 30 days (static). Samples used for the measurement of biologic response were collected in pre-fixed times: H1(1st hour), H6(6th hour), H24(24th hour), D3(3rd day), D7(7th day), D14(14th day) and D30(30th day) in the course of thirty days. At every settled time, 20μL of solution was removed from each device and embedded on sterile paper discs with 6mm of diameter, being the equivalent volume replaced with fresh release medium. After, the discs were transferred with sterile tweezersg to the surface of agar-BHI medium previously inoculated with bacteria over petri plaques. From the devices with closed apex, it was removed 20μL of solution from above the paste surface, avoiding any directly touch on it. This collect aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of different preparations inside the root canal. From the devices with open apex it was removed 20μL of the solution in which the plastic device was submerged, in order to measure the action of the diffused antibiotic to the periapical region through the apex. From the inhibition halos obtained in each case it was possible to rank the formulations in order of effectiveness. The Amoxicillin paste presented an initial antimicrobial effect more robust, keeping it throughout the experiment. However from the second week there was no more significant difference between this and the other antibiotic pastes (triantibiotic and biantibiotic). These pastes had an initial effect less representative than amoxicillin, however the effect became similar from the second week. Nevertheless, calcium hydroxide paste had a discreet effect initially and it was completely ceased already after the 3rd day. Even if Amoxicillin paste presented a superior result among the studied pastes, it was noticed color changes associated to degradation signs after two weeks. The findings show that these antibiotics pastes posed an excellent pharmacological effect, apart from calcium hydroxide. It can be concluded that all the antibiotics pastes, among them the pastes of amoxicillin, triantibiotic and biantibiotic were effective against E. faecalis. As a result its use as dressing for teeth with incomplete risogenesis in may be a good alternative. Among the advantages it is the microbial effectiveness, as well as the feasible manipulation during the clinical procedure. When comparing biantibiotic and triantibiotic pastes, the first showed to be almost equally effective, being a great choice for the clinical treatments of anterior teeth, where the pigmentation caused by minocycline antibiotic could present a drawback in the final result of the treatment. / Existe um consenso de que no tratamento de dentes com rizogÃnese incompleta à necessÃria uma medicaÃÃo intracanal com mÃximo efeito antibacteriano, pois o uso de limas e o protocolo convencional de instrumentaÃÃo devem ser evitados para que nÃo torne o elemento dental ainda mais frÃgil. Diversos curativos endodÃnticos tÃm sido utilizados com este objetivo, bem como o uso de uma irrigaÃÃo mais copiosa e com irrigante mais efetivo. No entanto, ainda nÃo està padronizada na literatura uma medicaÃÃo com efeito antibiÃtico prolongado e efetivo, alÃm de fÃcil manipulaÃÃo e inserÃÃo no conduto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar in vitro a eficÃcia de diferentes pastas antimicrobianas utilizadas como medicaÃÃo intracanal sobre o patÃgeno Enterococcus faecalis utilizando o mÃtodo de disco - difusÃo em Ãgar. Para isso, foi confeccionado um dispositivo de polipropileno que possui caracterÃsticas semelhantes ao canal radicular principal. Os testes de eficÃcia foram realizados por um perÃodo de 30 dias. Foram analisadas as seguintes formulaÃÃes: Pasta triantibiÃtica (metronidazol, ciprofloxacino e minociclina); Pasta biantibiÃtica (metronidazol e ciprofloxacino); Pasta de Ciprofloxacino; Pasta de Amoxicilina; Pasta de hidrÃxido de cÃlcio; SoluÃÃo fisiolÃgica 0,9% (grupo controle). Todas as pastas foram ainda alocadas em duas categorias: Ãpice aberto e Ãpice fechado e ensaiadas em triplicata. Os dispositivos permaneceram em estufa a 37ÂC durante 30 dias (sem agitaÃÃo), sendo as coletas para aferiÃÃo da resposta biolÃgica realizadas em perÃodos preestabelecidos: H1(1 hora), H6(6 hora), H24(24 hora), D3(3 dia), D7(7 dia), D14(14 dia) e D30(30 dia) no decorrer de 30 dias. A cada coleta foram retirados de cada dispositivo 20ÂL de soluÃÃo e depositados sobre discos de papel de filtro estÃreis com 6 mm de diÃmetro. Em seguida, os discos de papel embebidos foram transferidos com pinÃa estÃril para a superfÃcie das placas de petri previamente semeadas com a bactÃria. Dos dispositivos com Ãpice fechado foram removidos 20ÂL da soluÃÃo que estava sobre a superfÃcie da pasta, tendo o cuidado para nÃo tocÃ-la. Este procedimento teve o intuito de medir a aÃÃo antimicrobiana direta dos diferentes preparados no interior do conduto radicular. A partir dos dispositivos com Ãpice aberto foram retirados 20ÂL da soluÃÃo na qual o dispositivo plÃstico encontrava-se imerso, com o intuito de medir a aÃÃo do preparado difundido à regiÃo periapical. A partir dos halos de inibiÃÃo obtidos, foi possÃvel observar quais preparados foram mais eficazes com respeito ao seu efeito antibacteriano. A pasta de amoxicilina apresentou o maior efeito antimicrobiano inicial, mantendo-o durante todo o experimento, no entanto, a partir da segunda semana nÃo houve mais diferenÃa estatÃstica entre as pastas antibiÃticas e o efeito tornou-se semelhante. As pastas triantibiÃtica e biantibiÃtica tiveram efeito inicial menor do que o da Amoxicilina, porÃm o efeito foi igualado a partir da segunda semana. Por outro lado, a pasta de hidrÃxido de cÃlcio teve um efeito discreto inicialmente, o qual foi totalmente cessado jà apÃs o 3 dia. Ainda que a pasta de Amoxicilina tenha apresentado os melhores resultados dentre as pastas estudadas, foi evidenciado o aparecimento de cor escurecida associada a sinais de degradaÃÃo apÃs duas semanas. Este estudo mostrou que as pastas antibiÃticas tiveram um excelente efeito farmacolÃgico, ao contrÃrio da pasta de hidrÃxido de cÃlcio. Pode-se concluir que as pastas antibiÃticas, dentre elas as pastas de Amoxicilina, triantibiÃtica e biantibiÃtica apresentaram um excelente efeito sobre o micro-organismo E. faecalis. Portanto, seu uso como medicaÃÃo intracanal nos casos de dentes com rizogÃnese incompleta pode ser uma Ãtima alternativa, estando ainda a facilidade de manipulaÃÃo durante o procedimento clÃnico atrelada à eficÃcia microbicida. Quando comparadas, a pasta biantibiÃtica mostrou-se quase que igualmente efetiva a triantibiÃtica, podendo ser uma Ãtima escolha em casos clÃnicos de tratamento de dentes anteriores, sempre e quando a pigmentaÃÃo causada pelo fÃrmaco Minociclina possa comprometer o resultado final do tratamento. PÃde-se concluir que as pastas antibiÃticas, dentre elas as pastas de amoxicilina, triantibiÃtica e biantibiÃtica apresentaram excelente efeito inibitÃrio sobre o micro-organismo E. faecalis. Portanto, o seu uso como medicaÃÃo intracanal nos casos de dentes com rizogÃnese incompleta pode ser uma excelente alternativa.
185

Avaliação do efeito do peptídeo antimicrobiano P34 sobre a formação de biofilmes de bactérias Gram-positivas e biofilme polimicrobiano / Effect of the antimicrobial peptide P34 on biofilm formation by Gram-positive bacteria and polymicrobial biofilme

Costa, Géssica Aracéli January 2015 (has links)
O peptídeo antimicrobiano P34, produzido por Bacillus sp. P34 é uma substância que vem sendo explorada por apresentar potencial antibacteriano e antiviral. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial antibiofilme deste composto frente aos biofilmes formados por Staphylococcus aureus e Enterococcus faecalis provenientes de alimentos. Foram realizadas avaliações frente a células planctônicas e sésseis, bem como, sobre os biofilmes formados por estas bactérias. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a substância antimicrobiana possui capacidade em reduzir o percentual de células microbianas aderidas à superfície, não sendo verificada completa inibição do biofilme. Observou-se um percentual de inibição metabólica das células dos biofilmes dos isolados de S. aureus, porém, as células de E. faecalis apresentaram-se metabolicamente estimuladas. A associação do peptídeo antimicrobiano P34 com a bacteriocina nisina não apresentou efeito sinérgico sobre células de S. aureus F4-1, no entanto, ao ser avaliado individualmente, foi observado efeito bacteriostático sobre este isolado. Na avaliação do efeito deste composto sobre o biofilme polimicrobiano formado por Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076, Candida tropicalis 72-A e S. aureus F4-1 em aço inoxidável tipo AISI 304, observou-se diferença na disposição celular e na arquitetura do biofilme, com diminuição da aderência de células leveduriformes. Na avaliação dos diferentes meios de cultura empregados, a presença de glicose mostra-se como um fator que promoveu um incremento na formação de biofilme de Staphylococcus sp. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a substância apresenta potencial antibiofilme para a espécie S. aureus, e fornecem informações para posteriores estudos sobre os biofilmes polimicrobianos. / The antimicrobial peptide P34, produced by Bacillus sp. P34 is a substance that has been explored by having antibacterial and antiviral potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibiofilm potential of this compound compared to biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis from food. Evaluations were carried out against planktonic and sessile cells, as well as on biofilms formed by these bacteria. The obtained results evidence that the antimicrobial substance has ability to reduce the percentage of adhered microbial cells to the surface, not being verified complete inhibition of the biofilm. Was observed a metabolic inhibition percentage of cells isolated in the biofilm of S. aureus, however, E. faecalis cells performed metabolically stimulated. The combination of antimicrobial peptide P34 with the nisin bacteriocin showed no synergistic effect on cells of S. aureus F4-1, however, when evaluated individually, bacteriostatic effect was observed on this isolated. In the evaluation of this compound effect on the polymicrobial biofilm formed by Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076, Candida tropicalis 72-A and S. aureus F4-1 on stainless steel AISI 304, difference was observed in the cell layout and biofilm architecture, with reduced adhesion of yeast cells. The evaluation of different culture media used, the presence of glucose is presented as a factor that promoted an increment in the formation of Staphylococcus sp biofilms. The obtained results indicate that the substance presents antibiofilm potential for the S. aureus species, and provide information for further studies about polymicrobial biofilms.
186

Análise transcricional dos fatores de virulência de Enterococcus faecalis / Transcriptional analysis of the virulence factors of Enterococcus faecalis

Moura, Tiane Martin de January 2014 (has links)
Enterococcus faecalis estão entre as principais causas de infecções hospitalares em todo o mundo e é uma das mais importantes na área clínica devido à presença de inúmeros fatores de virulência que reforçam sua patogenicidade. Estudos mostram que concentrações subinibitórias de antimicrobianos podem alterar a resposta transcricional e fenotípica de bactérias, porém pouco se sabe sobre como a vancomicina pode afetar a expressão gênica nos microrganismos portadores de seus genes de resistência (genes van). Portanto, este trabalho objetivou avaliar presença e expressão de genes vanC em E. faecalis vancomicina-susceptíveis e avaliar o comportamento de isolados Enterococos Vancomicina-Resistentes (EVR) na ausência e presença de concentrações subinibitórias de vancomicina por PCR quantitativa. Identificamos a presença e a expressão de genes vanC em E. faecalis vancomicina-susceptíveis, sendo estes genes específicos para as espécies Enterococcus gallinarum e Enterococcus casseliflavus, sugere-se que o E. faecalis possa tê-los adquirido por transferência horizontal. Verificamos que a presença de vancomicina in vitro é capaz de interferir na modulação de genes de virulência em isolados EVR, porém não interfere na formação de biofilme destes isolados. Embora os dados aqui apresentados refiram-se a testes in vitro, podemos inferir que os genes vanC estão sendo transferidos para outras espécies e que a vancomicina pode estar contribuindo para o aumento na expressão de fatores de virulência in vivo, levando ao agravamento de quadros clínicos. / Enterococcus faecalis are among the leading causes of nosocomial infections worldwide and is one of the most important in the clinical area due to the presence of numerous virulence factors that enhance the pathogenicity. Studies show that sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics can alter the transcriptional and phenotypic response of bacteria, but little is known about the effect of vancomycin in gene expression in microorganism bearers of their resistance genes (genes van). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the presence and expression of vanC genes in E. faecalis vancomycin susceptible and evaluate the behavior of vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) strains in the absence and presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin for Quantitative-PCR. We have identified the presence and expression of vanC genes in E. faecalis which are specific to Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus species, it is suggested that the E. faecalis may have acquired these genes by horizontal gene transfer. We found that the presence of vancomycin in vitro is able of interfering with modulation of expression of virulence genes in VRE strains but does not interfere in the biofilm formation of these isolates. Although the data presented here were obtained from in vitro tests, we can infer that the vanC genes are being transferred to other species and that vancomycin may be contributing to the increase in the expression of virulence factors in vivo, leading to worseres clinical outcomes.
187

In vitro Infection and Disinfection of Dentinal Tubules in Human Teeth

Warren, Nichola 12 July 2013 (has links)
Introduction: Bacteria are the most common pathogens responsible for pulpal necrosis and periapical disease conditions. The importance of eradicating bacteria and their endotoxic by-products has been highlighted in numerous studies. Aim: The aim of this in vitro study was to establish the efficacy of six endodontic disinfection protocols in eradicating Enterococcus faecalis from single root canals of human teeth. Materials and Methods: Endodontic access cavities were prepared on 86, extracted, single rooted, human teeth. Root canal preparation was done using nickel titanium rotary files. Each tooth was sterilised, inoculated with E. faecalis and randomly allocated to one of seven groups (n = 12). The six disinfection protocols were 3% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine digluconate solution (CHX), Chlor-XTRA, 3% NaOCl combined with 2% CHX, 3% NaOCl followed by photo-activated disinfection (PAD) and PAD alone. The seventh group was irrigated with sterile water (control). The roots were fractured longitudinally. Dentine samples from coronal, middle and apical sections of one half of each root were plated onto brain heart infusion (BHI) plates. These were incubated anaerobically at 37⁰C for five days. The colony-forming units (cfu) were counted. The second half of each root was prepared for Scanning Electron Microscopy. The Pairwise Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare the cfu counts of the seven groups to one another. Results: Two per cent CHX, Chlor-XTRA, combination of 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX and irrigation with 3% NaOCl followed by PAD were able to eradicate E. faecalis from the coronal levels of the root canals. A combination of 3% NaOCl and 2% CHX and irrigation with 3% NaOCl followed by PAD were able to eradicate E. faecalis from the middle levels of the root canals. None of the disinfection protocols were able to eradicate E. faecalis from the apical levels of all root canals. The regimen of 3% NaOCl followed by 2% CHX was slightly more efficient in eradicating E. faecalis from the root canals than the other disinfection regimens. Dentine erosion and precipitate formation were two incidental observations in some of the samples upon SEM examination. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Odontology / unrestricted
188

Identification et caractérisation d'ARN régulateurs impliqués dans la réponse au stress et la virulence chez Enterococcus faecalis / Identification and characterization of regulatory RNA involved in stress response and virulence in Enterococcus faecalis

Salze, Marine 09 May 2019 (has links)
E. faecalis est une bactérie à gram positif, responsable d’infections nosocomiales. Dans cette étude, nous avons identifié par RNA-seq 65 ARN régulateurs potentiels induits en conditions de stress et/ou d’infection chez ce pathogène opportuniste. Parmi ceux-ci, trois ARN surexprimés in vivo, en présence de sels biliaires et à pH acide ont fait l’objet d’une étude approfondie.Le premier, SRC65, s’est avéré être un petit ARN (sARN) agissant probablement en trans. Il présenterait des fonctions redondantes avec son homologue SRC90. Différentes cibles potentielles ont été identifiées et des expériences de physiologie ont révélé un rôle de SRC65 dans le déclenchement de la phase exponentielle de croissance.Le 2ème ARN étudié est une région 5’ régulatrice non traduite (5’UTR), appelée 5’1515. Elle formerait un atténuateur et agirait de manière répressive sur le gène ef1515. EF1515 est un antiterminateur de la famille BglG/SacY capable de se fixer sur 5’1515 pour réguler son expression et celle du gène ef1516 localisé en aval et codant un système de transport des sucres de type PTS. L’antiterminateur EF1515 contrôle aussi l’expression du gène ef3023 codant une protéine impliquée dans la virulence d’E. faecalis.Le dernier ARN régulateur étudié est également une 5’UTR. Celle-ci participerait à la régulation d’une hélicase à motif DEAD (CshA) codée en aval de la 5’UTR. Sa caractérisation s’inscrit dans une étude plus large concernant les éléments du métabolisme des ARN, impliquant les ribonucléases et les autres hélicases à motif DEAD d’E. faecalis. CshA aurait un rôle prépondérant pour la bactérie, en étant impliquée dans la réponse au stress, le fitness et la virulence. L’identification de l’interactome de CshA a notamment permis d’identifier l’énolase comme partenaire privilégié. / E. faecalis is a gram-positive bacterium responsible for nosocomial infections. Using RNA-seq, we identified 65 putative regulatory RNA induced under stress and/or during infection. Of these, three RNA overexpressed in vivo, in the presence of bile salts and at acidic pH have were more deeply studied.The first, SRC65, was found to be a small RNA (sRNA) probably acting in trans. It would present redundant functions with its homologous sRNA SRC90. Different potential targets were identified and physiology experiments revealed a role for SRC65 in triggering the exponential growth phase.The 2nd studied RNA is a 5’ untranslated region (5'UTR), called 5'1515 which would form an attenuator and act repressively on the ef1515 gene. EF1515 is an antiterminator of the BglG/SacY family capable of binding at 5'1515 to regulate its expression and that of the downstream gene ef1516 encoding a PTS-type sugar transporter. The EF1515 antiterminator also controls the expression of the ef3023 gene encoding a protein involved in E. faecalis virulence.The last regulatory RNA studied is also a 5'UTR. It would participate in the regulation of a DEAD-box helicase (CshA) encoded downstream of the 5'UTR. Its characterization is part of a broader study of the elements of RNA metabolism, involving ribonucleases and other DEAD-box helicases of E. faecalis. CshA would have a prominent role for the bacteria, being involved in stress response, fitness and virulence. The identification of the CshA interactome made it possible to identify enolase as a preferred partner.
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Efecto de la variación en la preparación y conservación de dos pastas medicadas sobre la actividad antibacteriana contra Enterococcus faecalis

Roman Inoñan, Carla Karin January 2019 (has links)
La pasta tri antibiótica ha demostrado tener efectividad sobre Enterococcus faecalis, bacteria anaerobia facultativa identificada como una de las causas frecuentes del fracaso endodontico. La pasta es una preparación extemporánea, pero como tal no ha sido evaluada en su estabilidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la variación en la preparación y conservación de dos pastas medicadas sobre la actividad antibacteriana contra Enterococcus faecalis. Se inoculó la bacteria en 3 placas de Agar Bilis Esculina, en cada placa se realizaron 3 pozos para las pastas Tri-antibiótica, Tri-antibiótica Cefaclor y suero fisiológico. El estudio se realizó en la mañana, donde se aplicaron pastas recién preparadas, y en la tarde, con pastas preservadas por 6 horas. El experimento se repitió en dos fechas más, con insumos conservados por 14 y 28 dias respectivamente. Los resultados demostraron que las pastas tri-antibiótica y tri-antibiótica Cefaclor tienen actividad antibacteriana similar sobre Enterococcus faecalis, mientras el suero fisiológico no tuvo actividad antibacteriana. Las pastas preparadas con insumos recién obtenidos tienen mayor actividad antibacteriana en comparación con las pastas preparadas con insumos conservados. Las pastas aplicadas inmediatamente y las preservadas por 6 horas no tuvieron diferencias significativas en su actividad antibacteriana. / Tesis
190

Detekce patogenů pomocí molekulárně imprintovaných polymerů

Hutařová, Jitka January 2018 (has links)
The theoretical part of this diploma thesis deals with molecularly imprinted polymers. Properties of the monomers and templates used for the polymerization are described. Part is devoted to the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymers and interactions leading to the formation of imprinted polymers. Imprinting technologies and strategies, template removal methods, detection methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of the molecular imprinting are included. Also the applications in various fields, focusing mainly on the area of imprinting proteins and pathogens are discussed in details. The experimental part deals with optimization of the preparation of a molecularly imprinted polymer based on dopamine subsequently used especially for the isolation and detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The polymer was coated over a microscope slide, into the 96-well microplate and on a surface of magnetic particles. Fluorescence spectrometry and fluorescence microscopy were used for analyte detection. The developed technique was capable of isolating the target (Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) at relatively low concentrations (1.103 CFU.ml-1).

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