In 2006 the College Board celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Advanced Placement (AP) program. The AP program, which began as a means of transitioning selected high school students to colleges, had expanded to include thousands of students sitting for thousands of exams. During the first fifty years as the program expanded, the College Board expanded the number of course offerings. With this expansion came the question as to the effectiveness of AP. As criticism of the College Board continued to grow, by 2006 the College Board began reform by auditing its own courses, seeking funding for states to expand experimental programs, and encouraging universities to no longer accept a score of 3 on an exam. The College Board sought overall clarity regarding the focus of the AP program once considered an elite standard in America high schools. While there is cause to wonder, there is also encouragement. / Department of Educational Leadership

The purposes of the study were (1) to describe student selection-retention procedures currently used by North Central Association colleges and universities which are accredited by the National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education, (2) to determine student selection-retention procedures which administrators of teacher education programs at the same institutions suggested should be employed, and (3) to develop a model student selection-retention program from a consensus of what authorities in the field of teacher education suggested should be involved in the selection-retention process.

This qualitative study investigates the consequences of advancing three preschoolers into kindergarten in the province of Quebec, where the derogation exemption enables younger children to start school before they reach the age of admission of five years by September 30th. The rationale for this study came from an interest to discover the perspectives of the students, their teachers, and their parents on the topic of derogation. This study examines how these students, one in grade 4 and two in grade 6, feel about being the youngest in the class, and how teachers and parents perceive them as learners and socializers. The research design is based on an exploratory qualitative case study approach. The methods used to collect the data consist of interviews conducted with the three selected students, their homeroom teachers, and two parents; observations of the students in their school settings, and the analysis of documents such as field notes and journal entries. The interviews are analyzed within a socio-cultural interpretive framework in order to examine the way that derogation has affected the social and emotional lives of the three selected children. Vygotsky's zone of proximal development is explored. This concept presents the idea that children develop their learning potential in a setting where they can learn with more capable peers and adults who provide guidance and support. When these younger children are advanced into a kindergarten class, they are placed in a setting with older peers and adult teachers. One of the issues addressed in this study is how the social milieu encourages derogated children to develop their cognitive approach to problem solving and learning. The themes that emerged from this study include the importance of parental support, peer acceptance, and self-esteem. The younger derogated students are more likely to experience success in their academic and social-emotional lives if they have good parental support, a

The entrance space of a hospital has formed an effective period of hospital life since it has reflected the scope and the image of the entire facility. Therefore it has directly influenced by the new formation of healthcare facilities on preserving and growing role of the community health instead of threatening the illnesses. Since entrance space is apart from the other spaces in the facility that has shaped by the restrictive nature of the medical technology, the space most efficiently implement these new objectives more than any space of the entire facility. However, entrance spaces of hospitals in Turkey are still bothered with many insufficiencies and displayed a problematic panorama. Therefore, this thesis has obtained the problems of main entrance space, and has analyzed it with a consistent form of criteria to gather new solution proposals. In order to serve for this purpose, the present Turkish health care environment has explored and entrance space has been analyzed around new emerging concepts that reflect the changing ideals of the community. To present the problems and solution proposals about this specific place sufficiently, they are also evaluated through design and performance criteria. The essence of coping with the stress created by the environment with healing potential is emphasized. As a result, this thesis is expected to influence further researches, new hospital main entrance space designs as well as the renovation of older ones.

Station buildings are the most significant components of metro systems that combine underground facilities to the outer world, and include public life in itself. Thus, it is the main objective of that research, to put forward an acknowledgement documentation, which identifies the main design and construction problems of existing and under construction metro station buildings&trade / entrances, and which comes up with solutions to these problems. In the scope of thesis, foremost, basic terminology about station buildings are given and historical development of these buildings in abroad and Turkey are explained briefly. Then, observed problems of metro station entrances are put forward in detail. These problems are mainly categorized as design, construction, material and application related problems. Design part is investigated under following sub-titles: Psychological effects, lighting conditions, space requirements, relationship with city, navigation and disabled accessibility of stations. The affect of recent construction techniques and technological developments on design are also explained. Lastly, material choice and application related problems are investigated through such components of station as wall, floor, ceiling and details. All these problems are assessed by making comparisons with examples both from abroad and from Turkey. Finally, it is comprehended that, because of having weak connections to outer world, the entrances of the stations have adequate contributions neither to the station nor to the city. Assessment of building performance is made under the light of predefined problems and proposals are made in order to be used in design studies to get station entrances free from those problems.

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Bibliography: leaves 369-391. / xiv, 391 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / This thesis seeks to elucidate the origins, nature and impact of age standards in the organisation of state-provided elementary schooling in South Australia from 1875 to 1990. The study traces the shift which occurred from ungraded schools to the classification and promotion of scholars according to attainment and then increasingly on the basis of chronological age. It also examines the introduction of specialist departments, teachers and pedagogy to better manage the youngest pupils. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Education, 1997?

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