Este trabalho tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma ferramenta integrada, capaz de auxiliar a investigação da influência causada no sistema pneumático de uma aeronave operacional (Legacy Executive) devido à ampliação do seu envelope de vôo. Considerando que um possível aumento no número de assentos esteja incluído nesta ampliação do envelope de vôo e como tal fato ocorre a elevadas altitudes e a baixas ou altas temperaturas, justifique-se a análise exclusiva dos requisitos de carga térmica, pressurização e ar fresco. Será realizada uma análise do problema, da teoria envolvida e em seguida um modelamento matemático dos requisitos citados anteriormente, sendo a ferramenta desenvolvidas em paralelo com base nas teorias e exemplos resolvidos de várias referências bibliográficas.Resultados serão gerados e análises realizadas, com a finalidade de avaliar a aplicabilidade e o potencial da ferramenta, além de ilustrar a teoria estudada. Destaca-se que o respectivo trabalho não tem um enfoque somente acadêmico (teórico), mas também uma aplicação prática.

A aplicação da técnica não linear Backstepping para a proteção do Envelope de Voo em uma aeronave é estudada nesse trabalho. O objetivo principal é projetar controladores para proteger a aeronave de operar fora dos valores máximos e mínimos do seu envelope de voo. Esses valores são definidos pelo fabricante na etapa de projeto da aeronave. A proteção está relacionada está relacionada à entrada que o piloto produz no "stick';", que é considerada como a entrada do sistema de proteção. Os projetos de proteção foram desenvolvidos para proteger ao envelope de aerodinâmica adversa e ao envelope de atitude incomum. Dentro desses envelopes a subdivisão é feita pela proteção longitudinal, segurando o ângulo de ataque no seu máximo valor e a proteção latero-direcional, mantendo o ângulo de rolamento no máximo valor. O Backstepping por ser uma técnica de controle não linear, permite trabalhar com as não linearidades favoráveis (que estabilizam o sistema) até achar uma lei de controle que garanta a estabilidade baseada na teoria de Lyapunov. Ao longo do trabalho são apresentados os projetos de controle de proteção que foram divididos em Longitudinal e Latero-Direcional. Cada um deles é composto de dois controladores de rastreio (?, q, ?, ?, ?, p, r) que trabalham em paralelo e são compactados através de uma função de comutação. Já nos capítulos finais são apresentados as simulações, os resultados as conclusões e as recomendações.

A aviação ultraleve e experimental são segmentos da aviação geral que conquistam cada vez mais espaço no mercado mundial. Os motivos mais influentes para esse crescimento são o baixo custo de aquisição e operacional da aeronave, a pequena burocracia envolvida para obtenção das licenças de piloto e o pequeno número de horas necessárias para o voo de cheque. Justamente pelo treinamento ainda não ser tão rigoroso como costuma ser nas outras áreas da aviação, muitos pilotos acabam cometendo erros fatais que poderiam ser evitados de alguma forma. A perda de controle, mais especificamente o estol, é o caso que representa o maior índice de fatalidades no ramo aeronáutico. A proposta deste trabalho é projetar um controlador capaz de proteger o avião contra o estol, limitando seus máximos ângulos de atitude longitudinal, lateral e velocidade mínima. Primeiramente, a aeronave é analisada em malha aberta para verificar a necessidade de sistemas de aumento de estabilidade segundo critérios de qualidade de voo. Os ganhos dos controladores são definidos através de requisitos de estabilidade e desempenho como também suas respectivas barreiras de robustez. Para estabilidade robusta, serão consideradas as variações paramétricas da planta e também o primeiro modo flexível da aeronave. Para desempenho robusto, a barreira das baixas frequências será definida pelo vento.

"While much work has been done in mining nominal sequential data much less has been done on mining numeric time series data. This stems primarily from the problems of relating numeric data, which likely contains error or other variations which make directly relating values difficult. To handle this problem, many algorithms first convert data into a sequence of events. In some cases these events are known a priori, but in others they are not. Our work evaluates a set of time series data instances in order to determine likely candidates for unknown underlying events. We use the concept of bounding envelopes to represent the area around a numeric time series in which the unknown noise-free points could exist. We then use an algorithm similar to Apriori to build up sets of envelope intersections. The areas created by these intersections represent common patterns found throughout the data."

Actigraphy, a technology for measuring a subject's overall activity level almost continuously over time, has gained a lot of momentum over the last few years. An actigraph, a watch-like device that can be attached to the wrist or ankle of a subject, uses an accelerometer to measure human movement every minute or even every 15 seconds. Actigraphy data is often treated as functional data. In this dissertation, we discuss what has been done regarding the visualization of actigraphy data, and then we will explain the three main goals we achieved: (i) develop new multivariate visualization techniques for actigraphy data; (ii) integrate the new and current visualization tools into an R package using object-oriented model design; and (iii) develop an adaptive user-friendly web interface for actigraphy software.

This thesis investigates the capacity and failure mode of suction caissons under inclined loading. Parametric finite element analyses have been carried out to investigate the effects of caisson geometry, loading angle, padeye depth (i.e. load attachment point), soil profile and caisson-soil interface condition. Displacement-controlled analyses were carried out to determine the ultimate limit state of the suction caissons under inclined load and the results presented as interaction diagrams in VH load space. VH failure interaction diagrams are presented for both cases where the caisson-soil interface is fully-bonded and where a crack is allowed to form along the side of the caisson. An elliptical equation is fitted to the normalised VH failure interaction diagram to describe the general trend in the case where the caisson-soil interface is fully-bonded. Parametric study reveals that the failure envelope in the fully-bonded case could be scaled down (contracted failure envelope) to represent the holding capacity when a crack is allowed to form. A stronger effect of crack on the capacity was observed in the lightly overconsolidated soil, compared to the normally consolidated soil. The sensitivity of caisson capacity to the changes in load attachment position or loading angle was quantified based on the load-controlled analyses. It was found that, for caisson length to diameter ratios of up to 5, the optimal centreline loading depth (i.e. where the caisson translates with no rotation) is in the range 0.65L to 0.7L in normally consolidated soil, but becomes shallower for the lightly overconsolidated soil profile where the shear strength profile is more uniform. The reduction of holding capacity when the padeye position is shifted from the optimal location was also quantified for normally consolidated and lightly overconsolidated soil profiles at loading angle of 30 [degrees]. Upper bound analyses were carried out to augment the finite element study. Comparison of holding capacity and accompanying failure mechanisms obtained from the finite element and upper bound methods are made. It was found that the upper bound generally overpredicted the inclined load capacity obtained from the finite element analyses especially for the shorter caisson considered in this study. A correction factor is introduced to adjust the upper bound results for the optimal condition. Comparisons of non-optimal capacity were also made and showed that the agreement between the upper bound and finite element analyses are sensitive to the change in the centreline loading depth when the caisson-soil interface is fully bonded, but less so when a crack forms.

<p>During the past few decades, the term intelligent building envelope has emerged as a building skin designed to meet increasingly varying and complex demands related to user comfort and energy and cost efficiency. The concept is described by a multitude of definitions that range from the use of innovative components and a high-tech visual expression to the rational design, use and maintenance of the building envelope.</p><p>Within the scope of this Ph.D., intelligent behaviour for a building envelope has been defined as adaptiveness to the environment by means of perception, reasoning and action, allowing the envelope to solve conflicts and deal with new situations that occur in its interaction with the environment, i.e., the local climate and site, and the individual user needs.</p><p>This definition is used to analyse the functions an intelligent building envelope can be expected to perform in the context of daylighting quality, or an optimisation of the indoor luminous environment to the requirements of the individual building occupant. Of particular importance is the co-operation between artificial intelligence and the material, form and composition of envelope elements, allowing the envelope to learn the occupant’s needs and preferences, to choose the most appropriate response in each situation, to make long-term strategies, to anticipate the development of environmental conditions, and to evaluate its own performance.</p><p>Simultaneously, it is found that adaptive envelope solutions in no manner reduce the need for envelope design meticulously adjusted to local climate and site and to individual user needs, developed in close co-operation between architects, engineers and manufacturers. All of the sources consulted during the course of this Ph.D. stress time and time again how difficult it is to control the operation of the envelope components according to the local environment, and, simultaneously, how important it is to do so.</p>

During the past few decades, the term intelligent building envelope has emerged as a building skin designed to meet increasingly varying and complex demands related to user comfort and energy and cost efficiency. The concept is described by a multitude of definitions that range from the use of innovative components and a high-tech visual expression to the rational design, use and maintenance of the building envelope. Within the scope of this Ph.D., intelligent behaviour for a building envelope has been defined as adaptiveness to the environment by means of perception, reasoning and action, allowing the envelope to solve conflicts and deal with new situations that occur in its interaction with the environment, i.e., the local climate and site, and the individual user needs. This definition is used to analyse the functions an intelligent building envelope can be expected to perform in the context of daylighting quality, or an optimisation of the indoor luminous environment to the requirements of the individual building occupant. Of particular importance is the co-operation between artificial intelligence and the material, form and composition of envelope elements, allowing the envelope to learn the occupant’s needs and preferences, to choose the most appropriate response in each situation, to make long-term strategies, to anticipate the development of environmental conditions, and to evaluate its own performance. Simultaneously, it is found that adaptive envelope solutions in no manner reduce the need for envelope design meticulously adjusted to local climate and site and to individual user needs, developed in close co-operation between architects, engineers and manufacturers. All of the sources consulted during the course of this Ph.D. stress time and time again how difficult it is to control the operation of the envelope components according to the local environment, and, simultaneously, how important it is to do so.

Solution methodologies for mixed integer bilinear problems (MIBLP) are studied in this dissertation. This problem class is motivated using the pooling problem, a multicommodity network flow problem that typically arises in chemical engineering applications. Stronger than previously known results are provided to compare the strengths of polyhedral relaxations of the pooling problem. A novel single node flow relaxation, defined by a bilinear equality constraint and flow balance, is proposed for the pooling problem. Linear valid inequalities in the original space of variables are derived using a well-known technique called lifting. Mixed integer linear (MILP) formulations are proposed for generating feasible solutions to the pooling problem. Some of these MILP models arise from variable discretizations while others possess a network flow interpretation. The effectiveness of these MILP models is empirically validated on a library of medium and large-scale instances. General MIBLPs, not necessarily pooling problems, are solved using extended MILP reformulations. The reformulation is obtained by writing binary representation for each general integer variable. Facet-defining inequalities are provided for the reformulation of each bilinear term. New valid inequalities are also proposed for bilinear terms with a nontrivial upper bound. The proposed reformulation and cutting planes are compared against a global solver on five different classes of MIBLPs.

Material- och energiåtervinning är två sätt att ta hand om avfall. Materialåtervinning av papper är generellt det sätt som ger upphov till lägst ackumulerade utsläpp av koldioxid. Kuvert är en pappersprodukt som idag saknar producentansvar och branschen för returpapper anser inte att kuvert skall materialåtervinnas i och med att kuvert innehåller substanser som kan ge upphov till stickies. Ett argument som används mot materialåtervinning av kuvert är att problem orsakade av stickies medför ökade kostnader för företagen som tillverkar papper från returpapper. På den svenska marknaden finns det kuvert som, när de processeras i pappersbruken, inte ger upphov till stickies, nämligen svanenmärkta kuvert. Syftet är att ta reda på vilket som är det bästa sättet att ta hand om kuvert och målet är att ta reda på hur stor nettoenergiförbrukning material- och energiåtervinning av kuvert ger upphov till. Fyra scenarier undersöktes; Samtliga kuvert energiåtervinns, samtliga kuvert materialåtervinns, endast svanenmärkta kuvert materialåtervinns, samtliga kuvert ersätts mot svanenmärkta och materialåtervinns. Resultatet är inte samstämmigt. Att ersätta samtliga kuvert mot svanenmärkta är det scenario som ger upphov till lägst nettoenergiförbrukning, förutsatt att materialåtervinning av papper är att föredra framför energiåtervinning av papper. / Recycling and incineration are two ways to deal with waste. Generally, paper recycling has lower carbon dioxide emissions than incineration of paper. Envelope is a paper product that is not included in any producer responsibility and the pulp and paper industry recommends consumers not to sort envelopes in the paper recycling container, since envelopes contain substances that can be a source for stickies. An argument against recycling is that problems caused by stickies increases costs for the companies that produces paper from waste paper. The Swedish market has envelopes that, when they are processed in the paper mill, do not develop stickies, namely envelopes tagged with Svanen. The purpose of this paper is to find the most suitable way to deal with envelopes. The aim of this study is to find the net energy consumption for recycling and incineration of envelopes. Four scenarios were investigated; all envelopes are incinerated, all envelopes are recycled, only envelopes tagged with Svanen are recycled, all envelopes are replaced with envelopes tagged with Svanen and are recycled. The results are not unanimous. Replacing all envelopes with envelopes tagged with Svanen is the scenario with lowest net energy consumption, presupposed paper recycling is to prefer before paper incineration.