Many attempts have been made to design buildings that reduce the heat gain inside the building. In hot-humid region, architects deal with many forces of nature. These forces might be Rain, Humidity, and solar heat gain. Thermal mass was been used for centuries in hot-arid region as a way to limit the dry-bulb temperature swing inside the building. However, there are some architects who agree that thermal mass materials could be used in hot-humid climate. This thesis project suggests using ventilated envelope that incorporates thermal mass in the design of the ventilated envelope. The result of the experiment shows that using ventilated envelopes with thermal mass would allow the heat gained in the cladding and in the thermal mass to be released to the air cavity and therefore releasing the heat from the building to the exterior atmosphere. The ventilated facade could be improved by adding thermal insulation and by using reflective materials on the cladding.

It was once thought that molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM) would be destroyed in the harsh surroundings and conditions of space, and therefore unobservable by radio techniques. However, it is now understood that the chemistry of the ISM is vast and complex. The question still remains as to just how complex is this chemistry. Much is clearly still not understood. This dissertation presents work on the study of metal compounds and cations in the circumstellar envelopes of oxygen- and carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and supergiant stars. Laboratory studies were also conducted on several transition metal compounds of interstellar interest, some with high spin and orbital angular momentum states. Work has been completed to confirm the detection of the debated metal cyanide KCN in the carbon-rich AGB star IRC+10216. KCN joins the list as the fifth interstellar metal cyanide/isocyanide detected in this source. In addition, preliminary results on the search for TiO are presented towards the oxygen-rich supergiant star, VY CMa. To further understand the evolutionary processes of carbon- and oxygen-rich stars, a survey of HCO⁺ was taken towards the carbon star IRC+10216, the oxygen-rich AGBs TX Cam, IK Tau, and W Hya and the oxygen-rich supergiant NML Cyg. While HCO⁺ was detected towards all of these sources, the results vary. The outflow of NML Cyg proves to be asymmetric and further study is necessary. The emission from W Hya is significantly narrower than the other sources. The abundances of HCO⁺ in circumstellar gas increases inversely with mass-loss rate and ion-molecule chemistry appears to influence the chemistry of evolved circumstellar envelopes. To understand species in space with more confidence, a laboratory search for several 3d transition metal species of astrochemical interest was conducted in the laboratory: HZnCl (X¹∑⁺), ZnO (X¹∑⁺ and a³Πᵢ), ZnCl (X²∑⁺), TiS (X³Δᵣ) and CrS (X⁵Πᵣ). All of the molecules have been observed for the first time with high resolution gas phase rotational spectroscopy and the work on ZnO was the first gas-phase study of this molecule. Synthesis of the species required exotic production methods, including use of a DC discharge to produce all zinc species. By studying the rotational spectra, rest frequencies were determined that will be beneficial for future astronomical searches.

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Millimeter wave studies of molecules in circumstellar envelopes and a planetary nebula have been conducted. Using the Submillimeter Telescope (SMT) of the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO) on Mt. Graham, a comparative spectral survey from 215-285 GHz was carried out of the carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch star IRC +10216 and the oxygen-rich supergiant VY Canis Majoris. A total of 858 emission lines were observed in both objects, arising from 40 different molecules. In VY Canis Majoris, AlO, AlOH, and PO were detected for the first time in interstellar space. In IRC +10216, PH3 was detected for the first time beyond the solar system, and C3O, and CH2NH were found for the first time in a circumstellar envelope. Additionally, in the evolved planetary nebula, the Helix, H2CO, C2H, and cyclic-C3H2 were observed using the SMT and the Kitt Peak 12 m telescopes. The presence of these three molecules in the Helix suggests that relatively complex chemistry occurs in planetary nebulae, despite the harsh ultraviolet field. Overall, the research on molecules in circumstellar and planetary nebulae furthers our understanding of the nature of the material that is fed back into the interstellar medium from evolved stars. Besides telescope work, laboratory research was also conducted - the rotational spectrum of ZnCl was measured and its bond length and rotational constants were determined. Lastly, in partial fulfillment of a graduate certificate in entrepreneurial chemistry, the commercial applications of terahertz spectroscopy were explored through literature research.

Envelope proteins of the human immunodefiency virus (HIV) use the cell surface CD-4 molecule of target cells to initiate infection which eventually lead to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV-1 strains form three groups, namely the M, N and O, with the former group further divided into at least ten equidistant subtypes or clades (i.e. A through J) classified on the basis of sequence homologies in the envelope gene. Recombinant envelope proteins expressed in transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were isolated and purified here (~ 0.01 mg yield). An economical but efficient purification procedure using affinity chromatography and freeze-drying was developed. The results obtained through SDS-PAGE, western blotting, specific ELISA (using Galanthus nivalis a lectin with affinity for ENV glycoproteins) and partial sequencing confirmed the purity (~ 85 - 90 %) and identity of the proteins. Since these proteins were derived in a clade A (Uganda) and B (USA) environment we anticipated limited crossreactivity with immune responses induced in a subtype C (RSA) environment. This was assessed using ELISA (titers of 1000) and western blot analysis. The ability to induce apoptosis was used to demonstrate functionality of the purified protein (Results showed that in-vitro induction of apoptosis (65 %) using the continuous cell line PM1 was achieved). / Dr. Debra Meyer

Orientador: José Roberto Sanches Mantovani / Resumo: Neste trabalho, o modelo matemático do problema de fluxo de potência ótimo básico não linear é analisado e manipulado algebricamente para obter um modelo de programação convexa, do tipo cônico de segunda ordem. O conceito de envelopes convexos é apresentado para tratar a não linearidade e não convexidade da restrição trigonométrica inversa que surge ao escrever o modelo de FPO como um modelo cônico. Aplicando duas proposições apresentadas neste trabalho a restrição trigonométrica é resolvida em um pré-processamento por um solver de otimalidade local, neste caso o KNITRO, que enumera todas as possibilidades dos pontos de KKT para obter os envelopes convexos e tornar o modelo de FPO totalmente convexo. O modelo é implementado no AMPL e é resolvido com solvers de otimalidade global com sistemas testes da literatura, nesta tese usam-se os sistemas testes IEEE 14, 30, 57 e 118 barras. Os resultados obtidos são validados comparando-os com resultados fornecidos pelo Matpower, que é um simulador para FPO. Como contribuição desta tese, o modelo convexo de FPO obtido é utilizado como exemplo de aplicações no problema de despacho ótimo de potência ativa e reativa, considerando competições via programação binível. São apresentados dois modelos biníveis e dois modelos uníveis. O modelo iterativo convexo utiliza-se do modelo proposto de FPO convexo e as não linearidades são convexificadas fazendo uso dos envelopes de McCormick. O conceito de dualidade forte é empregado afim de obter um mod... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this work, the basic nonlinear mathematical model for the optimal power flow (OPF) problem is analyzed and manipulated algebraically in order to obtain a second-order conic convex programming model. The concept of convex envelopes is presented to deal with the nonlinearity and nonconvexity of the inverse trigonometric constraint that arises when transforming the nonconvex OPF model into an equivalent conic model. By applying two propositions presented in this work, the trigonometric constraint is solved in a pre-processing stage by a local optimization solver, in this case, the KNITRO solver, which considers all the possibilities of the KKT points to obtain the convex envelopes and find a completely convex OPF model, is used. The model is implemented in AMPL and is solved via global optimization solvers while to show the effectiveness of the model several IEEE systems such as the IEEE 14-, 30-, 57-, and 118-bus systems are used. The obtained results are validated by comparing them with the results provided by Matpower, which is an OPF solver. As a contribution of this thesis, the obtained convex OPF model is used as an application in the active and reactive optimal power dispatch problem, considering competition via bilevel programming. Two bilevel models and two single-level models are presented. The convex iterative model uses the proposed convex OPF model, and the nonlinearities are convexified using McCormick envelopes. The concept of strong duality is employed to obta... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

[pt] A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar as dimensões sensoriais envolvidas nas relações de cuidado entre o bebê e seus agentes cuidadores nos primórdios da vida psíquica. A partir de uma interlocução entre psicanálise e desenvolvimento infantil, o presente estudo discute um modelo de intervenção que visa favorecer a constituição psíquica dos bebês a partir das relações estabelecidas entre estes e os agentes de cuidado nas instituições. A pesquisa sobre relações objetais precoces e constituição do sujeito, desenvolvida no berçário de uma instituição (abrigo/creche) com bebês entre 6 e 18 meses fundamenta a análise dos eixos do cuidado com bebês, o método de observação e a construção clínica da intervenção precoce. A participação primordial da narratividade nas relações de cuidado está no centro de nossa investigação e tem como eixo teórico os trabalhos desenvolvidos por D. Stern, B. Golse e G. Haag sobre os primórdios da subjetivação, assim como o modelo metapsicológico proposto por Winnicott sobre as relações iniciais mãe/bebê. Através da compreensão das funções do cuidado como um eixo primordial para o processo de subjetivação dos bebês, o trabalho procura ressaltar as dimensões sensíveis do bebê e do adulto, o que torna fundamental a noção de mutualidade e co-construção nas práticas direcionadas à primeira infância. / [en] The thesis herein aims to analyze the implications involved in a relationship of care between babies and their caregivers in the early days of psychic life. Founded on an interchange between psychoanalysis and infantile development, this study discusses an intervention model which concentrates on the psychic constitution of babies, based on the relationships established with caregivers in care centers. The research on early object relations and constitution of the subject, carried out at the nursery of a given institution (children s shelter or daycare center), with babies between 6 and 18 months, sustains the analysis of the principles of baby care, the observation method and the clinical development of early intervention. The essential role of narrativity in relationships of care is central to our investigation and its theoretical basis lies in the works developed by D. Stern, B. Golse and G. Haag about the early stages of subjectivity, as well as in the metapsychological model proposed by Winnicott on the early relations between mother and baby. By accepting the role of baby care as an essential basis for the process of subjectivity in babies, this study looks to highlight the sensitive aspects of both the baby and the adult, confirming the notions of mutuality and co-construction as an essential part of practices relating to early childhood.

[pt] Uma reta bissetora divide uma região convexa do plano em duas partes com áreas iguais. É natural estudar as envoltórias destas linhas bissetoras, que em geral apresentam singularidades. O caso de polígonos é particularmente interessante, pois existem diversas noções distintas de envoltórias discretas. Nesta dissertação, nós estudamos três tipos diferentes de envoltórias discretas de retas bissetoras e as conexões entre elas. / [en] A bisection line divide a convex planar region into two parts with equal areas. It is natural to study the envelope of these lines, which in general present singularities. The polygonal case is particularly interesting, since there are several different notions of a discrete envelope. In this dissertation, we study three different notions of discrete envelopes of bisection lines and the connections between them.

This texts in about my thesis show; Modular envelopes which was presented in the Anderson gallery at may 2013. The text speaks about my individual process of making both this particular work and art in general.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo determinar os envelopes de cargas e de vôo para uma aeronave treinador avançado. Para a execução dos envelopes de cargas foram elaborados bancos de dados, em destaque o aerodinâmico que apresenta metodologia aplicável em nível de Anteprojeto. Levantados os bancos de dados necessários, as condições de vôo foram simuladas para obtenção dos envelopes. Posteriormente ée apresentada uma comparação com outra aeronave treinador de comportamento semelhante. Os resultados são apresentados em forma gráfica através dos diagramas h-V, V-n e envelopes limites de cargas isolados e comparativos. São apresentados também os bancos de dados e time-history das manobras simuladas.