Development of a methodology of applying symbolic and computational models of conjugate geometry to several problems in design and manufacturing areas forms the basis of this study. The philosophy of this work is the development of generalized symbolic models for two-dimensional and three-dimensional conjugate geometry applications. The generalized models have been implemented using what seems to be the best tool for these kind of applications - a symbolic manipulation system. The unique feature of this research is reflected in the fruitful combination of the elegance of conjugate geometry theory and the inherent versatility of a symbolic manipulation system. The generalized conjugate geometry algorithms were programmed and run using MACSYMA. Typical cases in design of mechanisms have been studied using these symbolic programs. The manufacture of helically swept surfaces is of special interest to this work. Helically swept surfaces have been designed and three schemes of manufacturing these surfaces are presented here. Examples of these three schemes of manufacturing helically swept surfaces have been carried out using the symbolic program in MACSYMA. The results of all the examples have been presented both analytically and graphically. / Master of Science

No projeto de aeronaves é incessante a busca pelo mínimo custo de operação, composto em grande parte pelo consumo de combustível. O peso estrutural da aeronave está diretamente ligado a este consumo. Para projeto de uma estrutura mais leve, é necessário a representação fidedigna das cargas atuantes na aeronave. Para o correto cálculo dessas cargas é muito importante a elaboração de um modelo aerodinâmico representativo das forças atuantes na aeronave. Neste trabalho é feita a comparação entre envelopes de cargas atuantes em uma asa calculados com modelos aerodinâmicos obtidos por diferentes formulações aerodinâmicas teóricas, sendo elas: potencial linearizado, potencial completo com correção de camada limite, Euler e RANS. De posse das distribuições de pressão representativas das que ocorrem na aeronave em todo seu envelope de vôo, é feita uma calibração para que se atinja coeficientes integrados de força normal correspondentes aos valores obtidos em ensaios de túnel de vento. Os envelopes de esforço cortante e momento fletor da asa em condições de vôo simétricas foram equivalentes em todas as metodologias empregadas, porém limitações dos métodos de obtenção de distribuição de pressão assim como do processo de calibração fizeram com que o envelope de momento torsor obtido não fosse representativo da física do problema. Em condições assimétricas, apenas nos envelopes de esforço cortante e momento fletor gerados pelos modelos obtidos com votex-lattice, os resultados foram aceitáveis.

O trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma lei de controle longitudinal de proteção de envelope de voo, limitando o ângulo de ataque a fim de evitar o estol. A arquitetura básica do controle de ângulo de ataque consiste de uma malha interna responsável pelo aumento de estabilidade do sistema (SAS), e da malha externa cuja função é e garantir o seguimento do ângulo alfa. O ajuste do controlador utilizado foi feito por otimização através de simulações e utilizando o método de integração do erro absoluto no tempo (ITAE). Para validação do projeto são apresentadas diversas simulações do modelo linear e não linear no domínio do tempo e da frequência, considerando os atrasos relativos ao controlador digital e dos sensores inerciais e aerodinâmicos, demonstrado a robustez e estabilidade do sistema.

In 1990’s, the circumstances of being a contestant on a popular game show were published in a trendy question and answer column in Parade Magazine. If contestant switched from the initial choice to a second choice offer by the host, would the chances of winning the desired prize be increase? The columnist’s response to the reader sparked a good deal of controversy among mathematicians. Shortly after the publication of this answer, articles appeared in various mathematical publications some supporting and some refuting the columnist’s answer. This document reports the results of research into the controversy generated by some of the probability problems used on Let’s Make a Deal game show. Using a variety of approaches and assumption, the author attempts to formulate mathematical proof to explain the correct answer to the contestant’s question, “Should I switch?” / text

Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-10-14T20:51:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Patricia Mendes da Silva - 2014.pdf: 3558852 bytes, checksum: 520f2ac1328627a633e96ed593132637 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-10-14T20:52:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Patricia Mendes da Silva - 2014.pdf: 3558852 bytes, checksum: 520f2ac1328627a633e96ed593132637 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-14T20:52:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Patricia Mendes da Silva - 2014.pdf: 3558852 bytes, checksum: 520f2ac1328627a633e96ed593132637 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-05 / This dissertation investigated the trajectory of the theater company “Nu escuro”, in Goiânia, since its creation, initialized in the old technical school of Goiás – current IFG -, until its recent show called Gato Negro. Since its first show, Três por três, the company uses the puppet theater, and, over the course of time, it has been developing this language, specifically in the shows Envelopes (2005) and Plural (2012), focused in this research. It aims, therefore, to analyze the work of the animator-actor in the theater company “Nu escuro” in the shows Envelopes, in which the animator-actor is visible, but neutral in the scene, and Plural, in which it is visible and active in the scene. The objective was to investigate, through interviews and living with the group, the work of the animator-actor in its presence and neutrality and in its relation with the puppets and the masks in the puppet theater. Concerning both shows – Envelopes and Plural –, it was possible to observe how the creation of the animator-actor‟s bodywork of the theater company “Nu escuro” happened, being based, initially, on his body and on the animated artifacts – puppets and masks. Finally, it‟s considered the actor‟s body, in which one body is the animator-actor and the other is the character-actor, differentiating one from the other by the technique, that is, by the question of guiding the focus. / Esta dissertação averiguou o percurso da Companhia “Nu escuro”, em Goiânia, desde sua formação, iniciada na antiga escola técnica de Goiás – atual IFG –, até seu recente espetáculo denominado Gato Negro. Desde seu primeiro espetáculo, Três por três, a Companhia usa o teatro de animação, e, no decorrer do tempo, tem aprimorando essa linguagem, especificamente nos espetáculos Envelopes (2005) e Plural (2012), focos desta pesquisa. Busca-se, portanto, analisar o trabalho do ator-animador da Companhia “Nu escuro” nos espetáculos Envelopes, em que o ator-animador está visível, porém neutro na cena, e Plural, em que está visível e atuante em cena. O objetivo foi averiguar, por meio de entrevistas e convivência com o grupo, o trabalho do ator-animador em sua presença e neutralidade e em sua relação com os bonecos e as máscaras no teatro de animação. A respeito dos dois espetáculos – Envelopes e Plural –, foi possível perceber como aconteceu a formação do trabalho corporal do ator-animador da Companhia de teatro “Nu escuro”, tendo sido baseada, a princípio, em seu corpo e nos artefatos animados – bonecos e máscaras. Por conseguinte, considera-se a questão do corpo do ator, em que o corpo um é ator-animador e o outro é ator-personagem, diferenciando-se pela técnica, ou seja, pela questão de direcionamento de foco.

Le virus de l’immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) est l’agent étiologique du SIDA. Il pénètre dans les cellules cibles par fusion membranaire médiée par le complexe enveloppe (Env) exprimé à la surface du virion. Le complexe est constitué d’une sous-unité de surface (gp120), et d’une sous-unité transmembranaire (gp41), exprimées sous forme trimérique. La liaison de gp120 au récepteur CD4 induit un premier changement de conformation qui expose la boucle hypervariable V3. Cette dernière lie un corécepteur, CCR5 et/ou CXCR4, induisant de nouveaux changements conformationnels au niveau de gp41 qui aboutissent à l’insertion du peptide de fusion, situé à l’extrémité N-terminale de gp41, dans la membrane de la cellule cible. Suite à la liaison du corécepteur, la région « heptad repeat 1 » (HR1) de gp41 interagit avec la région « heptad repeat 2 » (HR2) du même monomère pour former une structure coiled-coil hexamérique. Ce repliement permet le rapprochement des membranes virale et cellulaire, conduisant à la fusion des membranes.<p>Le processus d’entrée constitue une cible de choix pour inhiber la propagation du virus et à l’heure actuelle, il existe deux classes d’inhibiteurs d’entrée utilisés en clinique :les inhibiteurs de fusion et les inhibiteurs du CCR5. Le but de ce travail de thèse est l’étude des déterminants de l’enveloppe virale impliqués dans l’échappement du VIH-1 au traitement avec des inhibiteurs de fusion et de l’entrée.<p>La première partie de ce travail de thèse a étudiée l’effet modulateur des déterminants de l’enveloppe virale sur le niveau de résistance et de l’infectivité des virus primaires porteurs de mutations de résistance à l’enfuvirtide dans HR1 et de mutations compensatrices dans HR2. Nous avons sélectionné 5 patients ayant reçu un traitement à long terme incluant de l’enfuvirtide. Les enveloppes de virus ont été clonées à partir d’échantillons plasmatiques séquentiels, prélevés avant le début du traitement et pendant le suivi du traitement à l’enfuvirtide. Les séquences ont été caractérisées génotypiquement et phénotypiquement à l’aide de tests viraux recombinants mis au point à cet effet, et ciblant soit la région HR1-HR2, soit l’enveloppe entière. Pour les échantillons pré-thérapeutiques, les virus recombinants Env exprimaient des taux de sensibilité à l’enfuvirtide plus variables que les virus recombinants HR1-HR2, et une sensibilité à l’enfuvirtide significativement moindre que les virus HR1-HR2, indiquant que le contexte génétique de l’enveloppe affecte directement le niveau de susceptibilité du virus envers l’enfuvirtide. Après échec virologique, l’analyse phénotypique comparative des virus résistants suggère que les régions HR1-HR2 contiennent, à elles seules, les déterminants qui régissent la résistance. Le seul facteur associé à une modulation significative de la résistance est le tropisme. L’infectivité des virus Env a augmenté au cours du temps, alors que pour les virus HR1-HR2, l’infectivité est restée stable. Nos résultats suggèrent donc que le niveau de résistance confère un avantage sélectif initial sous pression sélective par l’enfuvirtide, alors que, une fois le niveau de résistance optimisé, l’infectivité des virus résistants est le facteur qui détermine la sélection des virus sous pression de sélection prolongée.<p>La deuxième partie de notre travail a été consacrée au rôle des virus dans des sites sanctuaires tels que le système nerveux central, et au rôle de séquences archivées dans les PBMCs dans l’échappement aux inhibiteurs d’entrée.<p>Dans une première étude clinique, nous avons illustré le rôle direct de la suppression incomplète du virus dans le système nerveux central dans l’acquisition de mutations de résistance à l’enfuvirtide et dans l’échec virologique. Le génotypage des virus plasmatiques et des virus isolés du liquide céphalo-rachidien d’un patient en échec de traitement a montré que la mutation de résistance à l’enfuvirtide était apparue dans le liquide céphalo-rachidien avant qu’elle ne devienne détectable dans le plasma, au moment de l’échec virologique. Le virus plasmatique résistant était phylogénétiquement proche du virus résistant isolé à partir du LCR, suggérant que la mutation de résistance a émergé dans ce compartiment. Ainsi, la pénétration incomplète des antirétroviraux dans le système nerveux central a abouti à la sélection de virus résistants, qui ont ensuite traversé la barrière céphalo-rachidienne pour atteindre la circulation périphérique.<p>Dans une seconde étude clinique, la caractérisation génotypique et phénotypique du tropisme de virus plasmatiques et cellulaires de deux patients en échec de traitement par du maraviroc ainsi que l’analyse phylogénétique rétrospective nous a permis de mettre en évidence l’importance de la recombinaison génétique dans la diversification des populations virales et son importance dans l’échec thérapeutique au maraviroc par l’émergence de virus X4. Par cette étude nous avons également pu souligner l’importance de l’administration iatrogène d’interleukine-2 sur la distribution et la modulation des populations X4 et R5 au niveau des compartiments cellulaires et plasmatiques et son importance dans l’échec thérapeutique au maraviroc.<p>En conclusions, nos résultats ont permis de mettre en évidence le pouvoir adaptatif du VIH-1 dans l’échappement au traitement aux inhibiteurs de l’entrée ainsi que le rôle majeur des sites sanctuaires et des virus archivés.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

abstract: Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is of great significance for many engineering applications as it allows surplus thermal energy to be stored and reused later, bridging the gap between requirement and energy use. Phase change materials (PCMs) are latent heat-based TES which have the ability to store and release heat through phase transition processes over a relatively narrow temperature range. PCMs have a wide range of operating temperatures and therefore can be used in various applications such as stand-alone heat storage in a renewable energy system, thermal storage in buildings, water heating systems, etc. In this dissertation, various PCMs are incorporated and investigated numerically and experimentally with different applications namely a thermochemical metal hydride (MH) storage system and thermal storage in buildings. In the second chapter, a new design consisting of an MH reactor encircled by a cylindrical sandwich bed packed with PCM is proposed. The role of the PCM is to store the heat released by the MH reactor during the hydrogenation process and reuse it later in the subsequent dehydrogenation process. In such a system, the exothermic and endothermic processes of the MH reactor can be utilized effectively by enhancing the thermal exchange between the MH reactor and the PCM bed. Similarly, in the third chapter, a novel design that integrates the MH reactor with cascaded PCM beds is proposed. In this design, two different types of PCMs with different melting temperatures and enthalpies are arranged in series to improve the heat transfer rate and consequently shorten the time duration of the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation processes. The performance of the new designs (in chapters 2 and 3) is investigated numerically and compared with the conventional designs in the literature. The results indicate that the new designs can significantly enhance the time duration of MH reaction (up to 87%). In the fourth chapter, organic coconut oil PCM (co-oil PCM) is explored experimentally and numerically for the first time as a thermal management tool in building applications. The results show that co-oil PCM can be a promising solution to improve the indoor thermal environment in semi-arid regions. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Mechanical Engineering 2020

The aim of this thesis was to study the load bearing capacity of anchor plates, used for anchorage to concrete located at nuclear facilities. Two different type of anchor plates were examined, which together constitute the majority of the anchor plates used at Forsmark nuclear facility in Sweden. The first is a cast-in-place anchor plate with headed studs and the second is a post-installed anchor plate which uses sleevetype expansion anchors. Hence, anchors with both a mechanical or a frictional interlock to the concrete were examined. The main analysis tool was the finite element method, through the use of the two commercially available software packages ABAQUS and ADINA and their non-linear material models for concrete and steel. As a first step, the numerical methods were verified against experimental results from the literature. However, these only concern single anchors. The results from the verifications were then used to build the finite element models of the anchor plates. These were then subjected to different load combinations with the purpose to find the ultimate load capacity. Failure loads from the finite element analyses were then compared to the corresponding loads calculated according to the new European technical specification SIS-CEN/TS 1992-4 (2009). Most of the failure loads from the numerical analyses were higher than the loads obtained from the technical specification, although in some cases the numerical results were lower than the technical specification value. However, many conservative assumptions regarding the finite element models were made, hence there might still be an overcapacity present. All analyses that underestimate the failure load were limited to large and slender anchor plates, which exhibit an extensive bending of the steel plate. The bending of the steel plate induce shear forces on the anchors, which leads to a lower tensile capacity. In design codes, which assume rigid steel plates, this phenomenon is neglected. The failure loads from all different load combinations analysed were then used to develop failure envelopes as a demonstration of a useful technique, which can be utilised in the design process of complex load cases.

This thesis presents some methods of multivariate dimension reduction, with emphasis on methods guided by the work of R.A. Fisher. Some of the methods presented can be traced back to the 20th century, while some are much more recent. For the more recent methods, additional attention will paid to the foundational underpinnings. The presentation for each of the methods contains a brief introduction of its general philosophy, accompanied by some theorems and ends with the connection to the work of Fisher. / Den här kandidatuppsatsen presenterar ett antal metoder för dimensionsreducering, där betoning läggs på metoder some följer teori utvecklad av R.A. Fisher. En del av metoderna som presenteras utvecklades redan på tidigt 1900-tal, medan andra är utvecklade i närtid. För metoderna utvecklade i närtid, så kommer större vikt läggas vid den grundläggande teorin för metoden. Presentationen av varje metod består av en kortare beskrivning, följt av satser och slutligen beskrivs dess koppling to Fishers teorier.

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude des groupes et des corps dont les ensembles définissables n'admettent pas certaines configurations combinatoires. Étant donné un groupe G , un problème particulier qui nous intéresse est de trouver des enveloppes définissables de sous-groupes abéliens, nilpotents ou résolubles de G ayant les mêmes propriétés algébriques. De tels enveloppes existent si G est stable, et même si G est seulement dépendant mais saturé, avec l'hypothèse supplémentaire de normalité pour le cas des sous-groupes résolubles. Dans les groupes ayant une théorie simple, on obtient des enveloppes définissables à indice fini près. Nous introduisons la notion de presque centralisateur et nous établissons certaines de ses propriétés de base.Cela nous permet d'étendre les résultats mentionnés ci-dessus à des Mc~ groupes, i. e. des groupes dans lesquels toutes sections définissables satisfont une condition de chaîne sur les centralisateurs à indice fini près. Ceux-ci incluent les groupes définissables dans une théorie rose et en particulier dans une théorie simple.En s'inspirant de la preuve pour les groupes dépendants et en utilisant les techniques développées sur les presque centralisateurs dans cette thèse, nous démontrons l'existence des enveloppes définissables à indice fini près pour des sous groupes abélien, nilpotents ou normaux et résolubles de tout groupe NTP2 assez saturé. En utilisant les enveloppes des sous-groupes nilpotents de Mc~ groupes et la condition de chaîne sur les centralisateurs à indice fini près, nous montrons en outre que le sous-groupe de Fitting de tout Mc~ groupe est nilpotent et que son sous-groupe presque Fitting est résoluble-par-fini. La deuxième partie de cette thèse porte sur l'étude des corps n-dépendants. Nous démontrons que tout corps n-dépendant est Artin-Schreier clos et que les corps PAC non séparablement clos ne sont pas n-dépendants pour tout nombre naturel n / This thesis is dedicated to the study of groups and fields whose definable sets do not admit certain combinatorial patterns. Given a group G, one particular problem we are interested in is to find definable envelopes for arbitrary abelian, nilpotent or solvable subgroups of G which admit the same algebraic properties. Such evelopes exists if G is stable and even if G is merely dependent but sufficiently saturated, with the additional hypothesis of normality in the solvable case. In groups with a simple theory, one obtains definable envelopes up to finite index.We introduce the notion of an almost centralizer and establish some of its basic properties. This enables us to extend the aforementioned results to Mc~ groups, i. e. groups in which any definable section satisfies a chain condition on centralizers up to finite index. These include any definable group in a rosy and in particular in a simple theory. Furthermore, inspired from the proof in dependent theories as well as using techniques developed for almost centralizers in this thesis, we are able to find definable envelopes up to finite index for abelian, nilpotent and normal solvable subgroups of any enough saturated NTP2 group. Moreover, using envelopes for nilpotent subgroups of Mc~ groups and the chain condition on centralizer up to finite index, we show additionally that the Fitting subgroup of any Mc~ group is nilpotent and that its almost Fitting subgroup is virtually solvable.The second part of this thesis focuses on the study of n-dependent fields. We prove that any n-dependent field is Artin-Schreier closed and that non separably closed PAC fields are not n-dependent for any natural number n