Biosorption is a phenomenon involving the mechanisms that basically mediate heavy metal tolerance of microorganisms as well as sequestration of heavy metals from environment. Different classes of microorganisms have different biosorption capacities, as a result of the differences in composition and types of functional groups found on cell surfaces. The present study was undertaken to identify the molecular mechanisms for lead [Pb(II)] biosorption in the white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The methodology involved selective blocking of the functional groups known to participate in heavy metal biosorption and allowed us to determine their relative roles in Pb (II) biosorption in this organism. The relative concentrations of the Pb (II) sorbed from the aqueous environment and Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions released to the aqueous environment were measured and compared with both native and chemically-modified biomasses by using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy technique was used to monitor and analyze the molecular-level changes in both native and chemically modified cell surfaces upon Pb (II) exposure. Interactions of Pb (II) with the biomass surface was determined by observing the changes in wavenumber and absorbance of NH stretching and Amide I bands arising from the amine groups and C=O stretching band arising from the carboxyl groups. The roles of phosphate groups and lipids were also investigated. Carboxyl groups seemed to be the most important functional groups for Pb (II) biosorption in P. chrysosporium, since the biosorption capacity dramatically decreased (by 92.8 %) in carboxyl groups-blocked biomass. Amine groups were found to play a secondary and minor role in Pb (II) biosorption, only a slight decrease (6 %) in Pb (II) biosorption was detected with amine groups-blocked biomass. Blocking of phosphate groups provided a small increase in biosorptive capacity and did not appear to have much significant role in biosorption. Upon chemical treatment with acetone to extract lipids of the cell surfaces, an increase of 20.3 % in the Pb (II) biosorptive capacity was determined. It was concluded that carbonyl and carboxyl groups of chitin and glucan are the major sites and ion exchange via these groups is the main mechanism for Pb (II) biosorption in P. chrysosporium.

This study aimed at providing a thorough understanding of temporal and spatial variations of VOCs and underlying factors in different microenvironments in two different urban atmospheres, with different degrees of regulatory enforcement. The VOC data were collected in field campaigns conducted in Ankara, Turkey, and Ottawa, Canada over the years 2000-2004. Insight into the sources of VOCs in different urban atmospheres was sought by using three commonly used receptor models namely / Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF), Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) Model and Conventional Factor Analysis (CFA). Motor vehicle related source profiles were developed to use in receptor modeling. Motor vehicles are the most abundant VOC sources with about 60% and 95% contributions to ambient levels in Ankara and Ottawa, respectively. Residential heating (31%) during winter season, biogenic (9%) and architectural coating (12%) emissions during summer season and solvent use (about 12%) emissions are the next abundant VOC sources in Ankara. In addition, a new method to estimate the contribution of sources from wind sectors in urban atmosphere was developed and implemented in this study. The comparison of the results of these two cities demonstrated the influence of control measures on ambient levels and sources of VOCs observed in different urban atmospheres. VOC levels in Ankara exceed EU levels and they are about factor of two higher than that are measured in Ottawa owing to lack of implementation of emission control regulations for VOCs in Ankara compared to well adopted regulations in Ottawa.

Natural Attenuation can be an effective cleanup option for remediation of Groundwater contamination by BTEX. One of the important aspects of the methodology that has been recognized recently is that mass removal rates, the most important parameters used to determine effectiveness of the methodology, is controlled by groundwater flow regime, which to a large extent controlled by aquifer heterogeneity. Considering this recognition, the primary objective of this research is to quantitatively describe the relationship between natural attenuation rates of BTEX and aquifer heterogeneity using numerical solution techniques. To represent different levels of aquifer heterogeneity, hydraulic conductivity distributions are simulated using Turning Bands Algorithm, changing statistical parameters Coefficient of Variation (CV) and correlation length (h). Visual MODFLOW is used to model the transport of BTEX contamination, at different hydraulic conductivity fields. Degradation rates are calculated by Buscheck&amp / Alcantar and Conservative Tracer Methods. The results show that, for a given h, as CV increases, the plume slows down and stays longer at the domain, so areal extent of plume decreases. For anisotropic field, plumes are more dispersed along x and y-direction, and areal extents of the plumes are greater. During MNA feasibility studies, for the aquifer heterogeneity level of CV and h smaller than 100 % and 10 m, respectively, a minimum recommended biodegradation rate constant of 0.02 d-1 can be used, whereas for the aquifer heterogeneity level of CV and h greater than 100 % and 10 m, respectively, using a minimum biodegradation rate constant of 0.06 d-1 can be recommended.

Monitored natural attenuation has been particularly used at sites where petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents have contaminated soil and groundwater. One of the important aspects of the methodology that has been recognized recently is that the mass removal rates, the most important parameter to determine effectiveness of the methodology, is controlled by the groundwater flow regime and the aquifer heterogeneity. Considering this recognition, the primary objective of this study is to quantitatively describe the relationship between the natural attenuation rates and aquifer heterogeneity using numerical simulation techniques. To represent different levels of aquifer heterogeneity, the hydraulic conductivity distribution (ln K) is statistically simulated with the numerical algorithm, Turning Bands Random Field Generator, by changing the statistical parameters, Coefficient of Variation (CV) and correlation length (h) and Visual MODFLOW and RT3D software programs are used for the simulation of groundwater flow and chlorinated solvent transport. Simulation results showed that degradation rates and the shape of the contaminant plumes show variations for different heterogeneity levels. Increasing CV resulted in the decrease in the transport of the plume and shrinkage in the areal extend. On the other hand, &ldquo / h&rdquo / determined the shape and the size of the plume through its affect on mechanical dispersion. For a given &ldquo / h&rdquo / , degradation rates increased with increasing CV, but change in &ldquo / h&rdquo / did not show a regular trend. Such findings are expected to be beneficial when assessing the effectiveness of natural attenuation process for a selected site during the feasibility studies without need for detailed site characterization.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 12, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Τα υγρά παραπροϊόντα των ελαιοτριβείων (Olive Mill Wastewater, OMW) ή αλλιώς ο κατσίγαρος αποτελούν το κύριο παραπροϊόν της παραγωγικής διαδικασίας του ελαιόλαδου. Αποτελούν έναν από τους σημαντικότερους παράγοντες περιβαλλοντικής ρύπανσης, όπου οι τεράστιες επιπτώσεις τους οφείλονται κυρίως στα φυσικοχημικά τους χαρακτηριστικά. Αν και η απόρριψη ή η ενσωμάτωση των υγρών παραπροϊόντων στο έδαφος αποτελεί μια εναλλακτική μέθοδο επεξεργασίας και αξιοποίησης τους, εντούτοις οι αντιμικροβιακές και φυτοτοξικές ιδιότητες τους δυσχεραίνουν την υλοποίηση της. Παράλληλα όμως η εκμετάλλευση ορισμένων ιδιοτήτων τους συντελεί στη διερεύνηση πρωτότυπων, εναλλακτικών και οικολογικών τρόπων καταπολέμησης διαφόρων φυτοπαθογόνων μικροοργανισμών. Σύμφωνα με την πλειονότητα των βιβλιογραφικών αναφορών τα παραπροϊόντα αυτά είναι πλούσια σε οργανικά και ανόργανα συστατικά ενώ η βασική αιτία της τοξικής τους δράσης είναι η μεγάλη περιεκτικότητα τους σε φαινολικές ενώσεις. Στην παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή διατριβή έγινε προσπάθεια εκτίμησης της δράσης τους ενάντια στο φυτοπαθογόνο μύκητα Sphaerotheca fusca με απώτερο σκοπό να διερευνηθεί η όποια φυτοπροστατευτική τους δράση σε φυτά αγγουριού και η συγκέντρωση η οποία θα παρουσίαζε τη μεγαλύτερη αποτελεσματικότητα χωρίς ταυτόχρονα να προκαλεί φυτοτοξικές αντιδράσεις. Συγκεκριμένα πραγματοποιήθηκε μια σειρά in vitro βιοδοκιμών για τον έλεγχο της φυτοτοξικότητας των υγρών παραπροϊόντων στη βλάστηση σπερμάτων αγγουριού και της εξέλιξης της βλάστησης των κονιδίων του μύκητα, ενώ παράλληλα διεξήχθησαν in vivo και in planta πειράματα για τη μελέτη της εκλεκτικότητας των διαφόρων συγκεντρώσεων των παραπροϊόντων και της ελάχιστης αποτελεσματικής δόσης τους υπό συνθήκες αγρού. Σύμφωνα με τα αποτελέσματα του ελέγχου φυτοτοξικότητας, τα υγρά παραπροϊόντα των ελαιοτριβείων παρουσίασαν έντονη φυτοτοξικότητα ως πυκνό διάλυμα, ενώ η δράση τους περιορίστηκε κυρίως στην επιμήκυνση και τη ζωτικότητα του ριζιδίου. Συγχρόνως προκάλεσαν μια καθυστέρηση τεσσάρων περίπου ημερών στη βλάστηση των σπερμάτων ενώ όσον αφορά τις διάφορες αραιώσεις που δοκιμάστηκαν, διαπιστώθηκε ότι δεν είχαν καμία φυτοτοξική επίδραση ή αντιθέτως η επίδραση τους υπήρξε θετική, προάγοντας την επιμήκυνση του ριζιδίου. Μικροσκοπικές παρατηρήσεις έδειξαν ότι το πυκνό διάλυμα των υγρών παραπροϊόντων παρεμπόδισε την ανάπτυξη του μύκητα για μια περίοδο περίπου μιας εβδομάδας, όταν εφαρμόστηκε μια μέρα πριν την τεχνητή μόλυνση και κάτω από συνθήκες υψηλής πίεσης μολύσματος. Η μείωση του ποσοστού των βλαστημένων κονιδίων και της ανάπτυξης των πρωτογενών και δευτερογενών υφών των κονιδίων και του μυκηλίου αποτελούν προκαταρτικές αποδείξεις της μυκητοστατικής δράσης των υγρών παραπροϊόντων. Τα αποτελέσματα των in vivo και in planta πειραμάτων, τα οποία συνάδουν με αυτά των in vitro βιοδοκιμών που αφορούν την εξέλιξη της βλάστησης των κονιδίων του μύκητα, έδειξαν ότι η προληπτική εφαρμογή των υγρών παραπροϊόντων προκάλεσε την μείωση στην ένταση της ασθένειας όπως επίσης την καθυστέρηση στην έναρξη της, εμφανίζοντας είτε άμεση δράση στα κονίδια του μύκητα είτε έμμεση μέσω του ξενιστή ενεργοποιώντας μηχανισμούς ανοχής των φυτών σε παθογόνα. Συγκρίνοντας τη δράση τους με αυτή του μάρτυρα, αποδείχθηκε ότι η εφαρμογή τους δεν είχε καμία επίδραση στο ρυθμό ανάπτυξης της ασθένειας. Μεγαλύτερη αποτελεσματικότητα εμφάνισε το πυκνό διάλυμα των υγρών παραπροϊόντων και ειδικότερα μετά από την εφαρμογή εβδομαδιαίων επεμβάσεων. Αξίζει να σημειωθεί ότι η δράση του, κάτω από συνθήκες μειωμένης έντασης μολύσματος, ήταν παρόμοια με αυτήν του θειούχου μυκητοκτόνου Thiovit®. Στα πλαίσια λοιπόν της συγκεκριμένης μεταπτυχιακής διατριβής αποδεικνύεται η προστατευτική δράση των υγρών παραπροϊόντων σε φυτά αγγουριού έναντι του μύκητα Sphaerotheca fusca, η οποία μάλιστα συνοδεύεται από μη φυτοτοξικές επιδράσεις στα υπέργεια όργανα των φυτών. Παρ’όλα αυτά για τη διερεύνηση του ακριβή μηχανισμού ή μηχανισμών δράσης των υγρών παραπροϊόντων, όπως επίσης την εξακρίβωση της εμπλοκής και του ρόλου των φαινολικών ουσιών στη δράση τους, κρίνεται αναγκαία περαιτέρω έρευνα / Olive mill wastewaters (OMW) are the main by-products of olive oil production. Due to their physicochemical characteristics, these wastes constitute one of the major environmental problems. The disposal and the application of OMW to the soil is an alternative method of waste process and utilization. The phytotoxic and antimicrobial properties of OMW, however, prevent the implementation of this method. At the same time, some of the OMW properties contribute to the development of novel and alternative disease-control strategies, with an ecological basis. According to the scientific literature, these wastes contain organic, inorganic and toxic compounds, such as phenolics. The current study aims at the evaluation of olive OMW antifungal activity against Sphaerotheca fusca. The overarching purpose is to investigate the efficacy of OMW in protecting cucumber against powdery mildew, in relation to their concentration and phytotoxicity. Particularly, in vitro bioassays were carried out in order to examine OMW phytotoxicity on cucumber seed germination and their effect on germination progress of S. fusca conidia. In vivo and in planta testings were carried out both to investigate the selectivity of OMW concentrations, and the minimal effective dose in field conditions. OMW showed strong phytotoxicity as undiluted solution. Their activity was restricted to the elongation and growth of the root. OMW caused delay in seed germination by four days, whereas no phytotoxicity reaction occurred at any of the dilutions. In contrast, their activity in a certain dilution was positive, inducing root elongation. Microscopic observations showed that pretreatment of cucumber plants with undiluted OMW, followed by artificial inoculation and under low levels of inoculums, inhibited fungal growth for a week. Both the reduction in conidial germinated rate and the reduction in primary, secondary hyphae and mycelium growth, constitute preliminary evidence of OMW fungistatic activity. The results of in vivo and in planta treatments, which are in accordance with these microscopic observations, indicate that a prophylactic application of OMW reduced the disease severity and caused a delay in disease onset. OMW exerted either a direct effect on the fungal conidia, or acted indirectly, by activating mechanisms of plant tolerance. Despite the delay in disease onset, the rate of disease development was similar compared to the control. OMW were more effective when applied without any prior dilution and especially after a 7-day interval between applications. It is noteworthy that OMW were nearly as effective as sulphur (Thiovit®), under low levels of inoculums. The current study has demonstrated the protective action of OMW against cucumber powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fusca), followed by the lack of phytotoxic effects on upper plant organs. Further research would be useful to identify the exact mechanism(s) of OMW activity, as well as the role of phenolic compounds in the process.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-11T19:47:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) igor_santos_alves.pdf: 1062838 bytes, checksum: 994f685f132399428b3bdee33d25461e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T17:18:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) igor_santos_alves.pdf: 1062838 bytes, checksum: 994f685f132399428b3bdee33d25461e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T17:18:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) igor_santos_alves.pdf: 1062838 bytes, checksum: 994f685f132399428b3bdee33d25461e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A import?ncia da exist?ncia de m?todos adequados de quantifica??o de metais pesados, para a avalia??o dos teores nos solos deve ter melhor correla??o com o absorvido pelas plantas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar a disponibilidade e taxa transfer?ncia de Cd, Pb e Ni em solos contaminados; avaliar a efici?ncia dos extratores Mehlich-1, DTPA pH 7,3, Mehlich-3 e ?gua r?gia e; a correla??o entre os teores de Cd, Pb e Ni extra?dos pelos extratores e os teores na planta de milho. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em casa de vegeta??o em Diamantina MG. Os experimentos foram realizados no delineamento inteiramente casualizado no esquema fatorial 4 x 3, sendo quatro n?veis de cada metal: Cd 0, 2, 4 e 12 mg kg-1, Pb 0, 45, 90 e 270 mg kg-1 e Ni 0, 20, 40, 120 mg kg-1 e tr?s tipos de solos que foram classificados como Neossolo Quartzar?nico ?rtico t?pico (NQ), Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distr?fico (LVAd) e Latossolo Vermelho distr?fico (LVd) com tr?s repeti??es. O milho foi utilizado como planta indicadora. Determinaram-se a massa seca e os teores de Cd, Pb e Ni na parte a?rea e ra?zes das plantas de milho. Para aferi??o do teor de Cd, Pb e Ni no solo foram utilizados os extratores Mehlich 1, DTPA pH 7,3, Mehlich-3 e ?gua r?gia. Nos tr?s experimentos, houve maior disponibilidade dos metais no NQ em rela??o aos latossolos (LVAd e LVd), sendo o NQ onde houve maior concentra??o nas partes das plantas de milho. No experimento de Cd e Ni, nos tr?s solos, a parte a?rea apresentou maior crescimento relativo que as ra?zes. J? no experimento de Pb, devido a menor mobilidade deste metal na planta em compara??o ao Cd e Ni, houve maior concentra??o de Pb nas ra?zes que na parte a?rea. Os maiores teores tanto de Cd, quanto Pb e Ni na parte a?rea e ra?zes ocorreram no NQ, sendo o solo onde ocorreu maior transloca??o dos tr?s metais para a parte a?rea. Nos tr?s experimentos, os extratores utilizados tiveram boa correla??o com os teores absorvidos pelas plantas e as extra??es por DTPA pH 7,3 apresentaram melhor correla??o com os teores de Cd e Pb tanto nas ra?zes quanto na parte a?rea. Com rela??o ao Ni, os extratores Mehlich-1 e ?gua r?gia foram os que apresentaram maior correla??o com os teores absorvidos pelas plantas. Os metais pesados Cd, Ni e Pb apresentam maior mobilidade em solos com baixo teor de argila, podendo ser mais facilmente absorvido pelas plantas. O crescimento das plantas pode influenciar a toxidez por metais, de modo que, quanto maior o crescimento menor o efeito t?xico do metal, como verificado nos tr?s experimentos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2016. / The importance of the existence of adequate methods of quantification of heavy metals for the evaluation of soil concentrations should have a better correlation with that absorbed by the plants. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the Cd, Pb and Ni availability and transfer rate in contaminated soils, to evaluate the efficiency of the extractors Mehlich-1, DTPA pH 7.3, Mehlich-3 and, aqua regia and, the correlation between the Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations extracted by the extractors and the concentrations in the corn plant. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in Diamantina, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design in the 4 x 3 factorial scheme, with four rates of each metal: Cd 0, 2, 4 and 12 mg kg-1, Pb 0, 45, 90 and 270 mg kg-1 and Ni 0, 20, 40, 120 mg kg-1, and three soil types that were classified as Typic Quartzipsamment (TQ), Xantic Hapludox (XH) and Rhodic Hapludox (RH) with three replicates. Corn was used as the indicator plant. The dry mass and the Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations were determined in the shoot and roots of corn plants. The Mehlich 1, DTPA pH 7.3, Mehlich-3 and aqua regia extractors were used to measure the Cd, Pb and Ni concentrations in the soil. In three experiments, a greater availability of metals in TQ regarding latosols (XH and RH), the TQ where there was a higher concentration in parts of corn plants. In the experiment of Cd and Ni in the three soils, the shoots had higher relative growth than the roots. In the Pb experiment, due to the lower mobility of this metal in the plant compared to Cd and Ni, a higher Pb concentration in roots than in shoots. The highest concentrations both of Cd, Pb and Ni as in shoots and roots occurred in TQ, and the soil where higher translocation of the three metals to shoots. In three experiments, the extractors used correlated well with the concentrations absorbed by plants and extractions by DTPA pH 7.3 showed better correlation with Cd and Pb concentration in the roots and shoots. With respect to Ni, the Mehlich-1 extractor and aqua regia showed the highest correlation with the concentrations absorbed by plants. Heavy metals Cd, Ni and Pb have greater mobility in soils with low clay content, and can be more easily absorbed by plants. Plant growth can influence the toxicity of heavy metals, so that the higher the lower the toxic effect growth of the metal, as seen in the three experiments.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:20Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 peres_ja_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 1119647 bytes, checksum: 1df6e1d4624f1f5dafcaaad991b4c80c (MD5) / Outros / O chumbo (Pb) é um metal pesado naturalmente encontrado na natureza, principalmente sob a forma de galena. Suas concentrações consideradas toleráveis são suplantadas pela ação antropogênica, associada à exploração agropecuária inadequada e/ou deposição de resíduos químicos gerados por indústrias poluidoras do meio ambiente. Este elemento pode ser veiculado aos animais que utilizam dos recursos presentes no meio ambiente para sua subsistência comprometendo consequentemente o Bem Estar do Homem. O objetivo deste projeto é monitorar o meio ambiente utilizando amostras de sangue de bovinos que servirão como bioindicadores, além da quantificação do Pb por intermédio da técnica de Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica em Chama (GBC932AA) em amostras de água, capim e solo na região do Rio das Pedras na Serra da Esperança no município de Guarapuava – Paraná. As amostras foram coletadas em quatro sub-coletas: 1) área próxima à indústria de papel e celulose; 2) área distante da indústria e próxima a atividade de pequenos produtores rurais; 3) área de lazer e próxima a atividade de pequenos produtores rurais; 4) área limítrofe entre a Serra da Esperança e à região urbana do município de Guarapuava. As amostras de água, solo e capim foram coletadas com sacos e garrafas plásticas, identificadas, refrigeradas a menos 4ºC. As amostras de sangue foram coletados por venopunção jugular na quantidade de 5mL em frasco vacutainer. As análises foram realizadas no CEATOX/IB, UNESP – Botucatu, SP, utilizando a técnica de Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica (GBC932AA) obtendo os seguintes resultados: no primeiro ponto de coleta, as concentrações encontradas de Pb foram: solo no interior do rio igual a 0,72μg/g e solo na margem igual a 3,53μg/g, porém não foi detectado para capim. No segundo ponto de coleta a concentração no solo foi de 0,75μg/g... / Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal naturally found in nature, especially in the form of galena. Its concentrations considered tolerable are surpassed by anthropogenic action associated to inadequate agricultural exploration and/or deposition of chemical waste produced by environment polluting industries. This element can be vehiculated to the animals that utilize environmental resources for survival and in consequence affects human well being. The purpose of this study was to monitor the environment using bovine blood samples as bioindicators, as well as quantify Pb by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GBC932AA) in water, grass, and soil samples in the Rio das Pedras area in Serra da Esperança, municipal district of Guarapuava – Paraná. Samples were collected from four collection sites: 1) area surrounding a paper and cellulose industry; 2) area distant from the industry and close to the activity of small rural producers; 3) recreational area close to the activity of small rural producers; 4) border area between Serra da Esperança and the city of Guarapuava. Water, soil and grass samples were collected in labeled plastic bottles and bags refrigerated at -4ºC. Blood samples were collected by jugular venipuncture (5mL) into a vacutainer tube. Analyses were performed at CEATOX/IB, UNESP – Botucatu, SP, using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, and yielded the following results: 1) in the first collection site, Pb concentrations were 0.72μg/g in river soil and 3.53μg/g in river-margin soil while no Pb was detected in grass; 2) in the second collection site, Pb concentration was 0.75μg/g in the soil, 6.14μg/g in river and rivermargin soil, and 5.33μg/g in grass; 3) in the third collection site, Pb soil concentration was 10.36μg/g, and no Pb was detected in grass samples; 4) in the fourth site, no Pb was detected in any of the samples. Pb was undetected in the water in all collection... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-12-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:56:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_ea_me_rcla.pdf: 3364294 bytes, checksum: 976c0fd3c2d0b227ffc3b936d5bca6dc (MD5) / O presente estudo analisa a questão ambiental do resíduo/lixo em Ribeirão Preto, visto que esta cidade figura entre as que mais geram este tipo de detrito no estado de São Paulo e as que detêm altas taxas de geração desses objetos na América Latina e Caribe. Estudos realizados por diversos autores demonstram que a produção contínua e crescente de resíduo/lixo decorre dos valores culturais, sociais, políticos e econômicos da sociedade moderna. Com a finalidade de compreender melhor esses aspectos, analisa-se as práticas de gestão e gerenciamento; os impactos ambientais negativos acarretados pela destinação errada do resíduo/lixo. Verifica-se, a maneira pela qual a consciência das pessoas reflete essa problemática. Evidenciou-se que o Lixão da ex-Fepasa e o Lixão de Serrana, foram responsáveis por graves problemas ao ambiente; uma porcentagem significativa dos entrevistados preocupa-se com a preservação da vida no planeta, a poluição ambiental, assim como o destino do resíduo/lixo. Percebem também, as vantagens e desvantagens da sociedade de consumo, da tecnologia, bem como a necessidade de revisão de certos valores, discutindo a situação atual, na tentativa de reconstrução de uma sociedade sob fundamentos renovados. / The present study analyzes the environmental subject of the solid waste/garbage in Ribeirão Preto, because this city represents among the ones that more generates this debris type in the state of São Paulo and the ones that stop discharges rates of generation of those objects in Latin America and Caribbean. Studies accomplished by several authors they demonstrate that the continuous and growing production of solid waste/garbage elapses of the values cultural, social, political and economical of the modern society. Whit the purpose of understanding those aspects better, analyzed the administration practices and administration, as the negative environmental impacts carted for the wrong destination of the solid waste/garbage. It still verified, the way for the which the people's conscience reflects that problem. It was evidenced that of Lixão of the former-Fepasa and Lixão de Serrana, were responsible for serious problems to the atmosphere; a significant percentage of the interviewees worries with the preservation of the life in the planet, the environmental pollution, as well as the destiny of the solid waste/garbage. They also notice, the advantages and disadvantages of the consumption society, of the technology, as well as the revision of certain values, discussing the current situation, in the attempt of reconstruction of a society under renewed foundations.

Orientador: Mariana Gobbo Braz / Resumo: A carência e a divergência de dados sobre o potencial genotóxico e mutagênico da exposição ocupacional aos anestésicos inalatórios mais modernos e mais utilizados atualmente estimularam a realização da presente pesquisa, que teve como objetivos avaliar os danos sistêmicos no DNA e os diferentes tipos celulares e biomarcadores de instabilidade genômica em células esfoliadas da mucosa oral em anestesiologistas. O estudo foi realizado em 60 médicos que atuavam no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu – UNESP, os quais foram alocados em dois grupos: exposto, constituído por anestesiologistas expostos aos resíduos de gases anestésicos (isoflurano, sevoflurano, desflurano e óxido nitroso – N2O) e controle, constituído por médicos não expostos ocupacionalmente, os quais foram pareados por idade, sexo e estilo de vida com o grupo exposto. Amostras de sangue e de células esfoliadas orais foram coletadas de todos os participantes; os danos basais no DNA foram avaliados em linfócitos periféricos pelo teste do cometa e o teste do micronúcleo (MN) bucal foi utilizado para avaliação de diferentes parâmetros em células esfoliadas orais. As concentrações de N2O e dos halogenados foram mensuradas nas salas de operação com a utilização de espectrofotômetro infravermelho portátil. As concentrações médias de resíduos de gases anestésicos para todos os halogenados foi maior que 5 partes por milhão (ppm) e superior a 150 ppm para o N2O. Não houve diferença significativa entre ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Due to the lack and controversial data on the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of occupational exposure to the modern and most used inhaled anesthetics, the aim of the current study was to evaluate the systemic DNA damage, and the different cell types and genomic instability biomarkers in buccal exfoliated cells in anesthesiologists. The study was conducted in 60 physicians who worked in the Hospital of Botucatu Medical School - UNESP, and were allocated in two groups: the exposed group, consisted of anesthesiologists exposed to waste anesthetic gases (isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane and nitrous oxide - N2O) at least two years, and the control group consisted of non-exposed physicians, who were matched by age, sex and lifestyle with the exposed group. Venous blood and buccal exfoliated cells samples were collected from all participants; basal DNA damage was evaluated in peripheral lymphocytes by the comet assay, and the buccal micronucleus (MN) cytome (BMCyt) assay was used to evaluate different parameters in oral cells. The concentrations of N2O and halogenated anesthetics were measured in the operating rooms, by using of portable infrared spectrophotometer. The average concentrations of waste gases were greater than 5 parts per million (ppm) for all the halogenated anesthetics and more than 150 ppm for N2O. There was no significant difference between the groups in relation to DNA damage and there was no influence of the variables age, sex and time of exposure in the co... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre