Stockholm står inför utmaningar som trängsel och klimatfarliga utsläpp, till följd av bilarnas närvaro i city. Ett sätt att minska bilberoendet är att använda de infartsparkeringar som finns i länet. Tanken är att de som pendlar från Stockholms kranskommuner kan köra bilen till infartsparkeringen och där byta till ett kollektivt färdmedel. Syftet med rapporten är att identifiera och analysera eventuella samband mellan infartsparkeringar och hållbar stadsutveckling i Stockholm. Metoderna som används i arbetet är litteraturstudie, en mindre fältundersökning av beläggningsgraden, samt en webbenkät om resenärernas inställning till infartsparkeringar. Fältundersökningen genomfördes på 9 av Storstockholms infartsparkeringar lokaliserade på olika avstånd från citykärnan. Resultaten visar att infartsparkeringar har flera miljö- och hälsofördelar eftersom det minskar bilismen i innerstaden. Minskat buller och minskade utsläpp av skadliga partiklar samt koldioxid stödjer de Svenska miljömålen. Vidare ökar det tillgängligheten till kollektivtrafiken. Infartsparkeringar bör vara lokaliserade utanför stadskärnan, men nära högtrafikerade hållplatser. / The city of Stockholm faces challenges such as heavy traffic and pollutions, due to the many cars in the city center. One way of reducing the car dependency is to use the park & ride facilities in the area. The thought is that people who commute from suburbs in Stockholm can drive their car to the park & ride, and from there travel with public transport. The purpose of this report is to identify and analyze a possible connection between park & ride and urban sustainability in Stockholm. Methods used are literature studies, a minor field study of the occupancy, and a webb survey about the travelers attitude towards park & ride facilities. The field study was performed at 9 different park & ride lots in the Stockholm area, all with different distance to the city center. The results show that park & ride facilities bring positive environmental aspects, as well as health benefits, since they reduce the use of cars in urban areas. Less sound pollution, particles and carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere alines with the Swedish environmental objectives. Furthermore, it increases the accessibility to public transport. Park & ride lots should be situated outside the city center, but located near a station with high capacity.

”Rent vatten och sanitet för alla” är ett av FN:s globla mål med ambitionen att alla människor ska ha tillgång till rent vatten och god sanitet innan 2030. Denna rapport är en litteraturstudie med syftet att undersöka vilka utmaningar som finns kopplade till sanitet och hygien i utvecklingsländer. Vatten, sanitet och hygien (WASH), är alla kopplade till varandra men för att avgränsa har denna rapport fokuserat på sanitet och hygien. Studien var från början tänkt som en ”Minor fiend study”, (MFS) som skulle ägt rum i skolor i Kenya via Frälsningsarméns WASH projekt. På grund av pandemin Covid-19 kunde inte resan genomföras och rapporten resulterade därför i en litteraturstudie. I och med tillgång till rapporter från Frälsningsarméns WASH projekt i Kenya, består en stor del av denna litteraturstudie av att utvärdera dessa för att hitta de utmaningar de ställts och just nu ställs inför. En del av de utmaningar som denna rapport tar upp är hur kriser som klimatförändringar påverkar arbetet kring sanitet och pressar utvecklingen av latriner framåt. Jämställdhetsfrågor gällande sanitet mellan kvinnor och män, samt mellan andra grupper i samhället. Hur flickors skolgång kan påverkas positivt av tillgång till bra sanitet på skolorna. Det visar sig också vara viktigt att känna ägandeskap av latriner för att känna ett ansvar om att förvalta och ta hand om latrinerna. Ägandeskap samt självreflektion över sitt eget beteende och sin egen miljö är något som det arbetas med i community led total sanitation approach (CLTS approach), en approach som Frälsningsarmén och många andra projekt inom WASH jobbar med. Dessa är några av de utmaningar inom sanitetsarbeten som tas upp i denna rapport. En slutsats är att koncepten disaster risk reduction (DRR) och ”Recilience” är bra för att minimera konsekvenserna vid eventuella katastrofer. Båda metoderna har ett fokus på att förbereda samhällen att agera på och återhämta sig så snabbt som möjligt efter katastrofer orsakade av exempelvis klimatförändring. Klimatförändringar sätter också press på utvecklingen av förbättrade sanitetsystem då infrastrukturen för sanitet i utvecklingsländer ofta ör känsliga för extrema väder. En annan slutsats är att uppföljning av sanitetsprojekt på längre sikt behöver förbättras. På grund av resursbrist kan detta vara svårt men kan på längre sikt löna sig då eventuella brister efter en längre tid kan upptäckas och förebyggas. Istället för att fokusera på hårdvara så som antal latriner per skola är det bättre att jobba för en beteendeförändring från open defecation (OD) till open defecation free (ODF). Detta är något som görs i approachen CLTS som tycks vara en fungerande metod. CLTS approach förmedlar en känsla av ägandeskap av latrinerna detta genererar ett ökat ansvar och underhåll vilket är positivt. CLTS blir som mest effektiv då självreflektion kombineras med rådgivning och guidning. För att på sikt minska behovet av bistånd gällande sanitet behövs arbete med kapacitetsbyggande och ägandeskap hos nationella myndigheter. Att samarbeta med myndigheter på nationell nivå ökar medvetenhet kring sanitet samt ökar förutsättningarna för en bättre och bestående överblick. / "To ensure sanitation for all" is one of the UN's sustainable development goals, with the ambition to have clean water and decent toilets for everyone before the year 2030. This paper is a literature study with the purpose to examine challenges connected to sanitation and hygiene in developing countries, with a focus on Kenya. Water, sanitation, and hygiene, (WASH), are all three connected, but to limit this report, only sanitation and hygiene will be studied. The study was, to begin with, supposed to be a “Minor field study” (MFS), taking place in Kenya, in The Salvation Army ́s (TSA) WASH project. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the journey got canceled and the report resulted in a literature study. A major portion of this study is an evaluation of reports of TSA’s WASH project in Kenya, with the purpose to identify current and past challenges of the project. Some of the challenges named in this report addresses to crises, like how climate change affects the work with sanitation and forces the development of latrines forward. Equality in sanitation between men and women, and between other groups in society; and how sanitation in schools has a positive effect on girls' schooling. It also illustrates the correlation between ownership of latrines and increased responsibility. Ownership and self-reflection are something the community led total sanitation approach (CLTS approach) works with and approached used in TSA and other WASH projects. These are some of the challenges of sanitation work that this report includes. One of the conclusions is that the concepts disaster risk reduction (DRR) and "Resilience" are adequate methods to minimize the consequences of disasters. In bouth methods there is a focus on preparing commuities how to act and how to bounce back after disasters caused by, for example, climate change. Climate change also challenges the technics used in sanitation systems since the infrastructure of sanitation in developing countries is sensitive to extreme weather. Another conclusion is the need to monitor the projects in the long term. Due to a lack of resources, this can be challenging, but it will be worth it if eventual deficiencies can be discovered and prevented. Instead of focusing on hardware as the number of latrines per student, the focus should be on changing the behavior from open defecation (OD) to open defecation free (ODF). This is dealt with in the CLTS approach, which seems to be an effective method. The CLTS approach works for implementing a feel of ownership, this increase responsibility and monitoring which is positive. The CLTS approach is most effective when combining self- reflection with consulting and guidance. To minimize the need for aid, in the long run, the national government need to have capacity and interests on their own. A well working cooperation with governments on a national level increases the awareness of sanitation and results in a greater overview.

Today many global dilemmas are stemming from organizations’ business activities. In addition, many corporations’ have realized the importance to aspire a green-public image in combination with cutting possible liability costs. Therefore, many companies are interested to participate in the attempts of reducing the impacts related to their business activities. However, at the same time organizations are facing many constraints in the transformation towards environmentally aware and responsible organizations. Therefore, companies often strive to implement an Environmental Management System (EMS) in order to achieve organizational guidance when establishing, developing and reviewing their business practices towards both corporate and environmental goals. The theories discussed in this master thesis discloses that the implementation process of an EMS often requires a cultural revolution in organizations, which can be a challenge especially for companies present in developing countries, where environmental issues often are marginalized due to low levels of environmental awareness and weak institutions. The purpose of this master thesis identifies potential obstacles in facing ISO 14001 EMS for Stora Enso’s agro-forestry project in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and the efforts that would stimulate the adoption facing ISO 14001 EMS. This was analyzed through a combination of a qualitative text analysis of scientific papers and a case study with eight semi-structured interviews with managers from Stora Enso Lao Co., Ltd. This study points out limited availability of support and resources, unclear policies, constrained participation and communication, inadequate knowledge about environmental management and ISO 14001 EMS as the potential obstacles for Stora Enso Lao Co., Ltd to tackle. Therefore, in order to stimulate the adoption of ISO 14001 EMS the potential efforts suggested in this master thesis are more money in order to promote environmental training and organizational changes in terms of increased participation of employees and communication between internal and external stakeholders.

As the environmental awarenesshas increasedin recent decadessohas the society’s demand forenvironmentalresponsible companies(Ammenberg, 2004).One way for companies to take responsibility and work with environmental issues is to implement anenvironmental management system(EMS). EMSserves as a tool for companies to systematically work with environmental issues and develop the company's environmental efforts. ISO 14001 is theEMSaccording to whichthat the majority of companies today choose to get certified(Brorson & Almgren, 2007). The introduction and operation of the ISO 14001 requires significant financial and human resources and it can therefore be questioned whether the environmental managementsystem is adaptable forall companysizes.The purpose of this studyis to examine whether EMScan provide environmental and economic benefits for companies of all sizes and ifthe conditions to get certifiedaccordingto ISO 14001 is the same for large and smallcompanies.A literature study was made to collect information on company'simplementation of ISO 14001. Furthermore, as a complementto the literature study,an empirical investigationincluding e-mail correspondence with four consulting companies thatoffer services for companies that want to get certifiedaccordingto ISO 14001was made. The result of the study showsthat there are different conditions for large and small companies to get certified to ISO 14001, and these differencesis mainly because large companies have morefinancial and human resources.There are disagreementsin the literature whether ISO 14001 is designed for both large and small companies, where critics argue that the EMS primarily are adapted for large companies, and then transferred to small companies.The more positive arguments to ISO 14001 arethat the EMS is flexible and therefore adaptable, in similarity with the arguments put forward by the informants.Despite the factthat all of the informants replied that ISO 14001 is designed for both large and small companies, two of them also claimthat there are some difficulties for small companieswhen implementing and working with the EMS.

Due to the high complexity and various values essence, environmental issues need comprehensive and complete observation and analysis tools to find the resolving way. Current environmental management framework cannot provide comprehensive and whole picture of the environment issues because of research area and limited experiences on the cross field integration. This research integrated 3 environment-related frameworks ¡V Integrated Environmental Management framework (EM), Institution Analysis and Development framework (IAD), and Public Affair Management framework (PAM) - into a new integrated framework and use Kuokuang petrochemical plant event as the first case for theoretical identification. 3 original frameworks were analyzed, compared, recombined, and integrated into ¡§New Environmental Management framework (NEM)¡¨ which has the functions of describing the whole picture, building overall idea, underling problems textures and revealing key points of environment issues and supposed to be a new possible option for observing and analyzing environment issues. According to NEM framework, Kuokuang petrochemical plant event was analyzed step by step, such as data interpreting, problems textures filtering and key points revealing. The 4 most important key points affect the development and results of the Kuokuang petrochemical plant event were: development and changing of civil society, limitation and breakthrough of government institutions, conflict and reconciling of the values judgment, and impact and influence of internet.

This research focuses on ISO 14001 Environmental Management System (EMS) implementation in Malaysia. It examines the ISO 14001 implementation challenges, experience and impact on organisations environmental performance in Malaysia as little is known with regard to their status as there were very few empirical studies carried out based on the Malaysian scenario. / Thesis (DBusinessAdministration)--University of South Australia, 2008.

Techn. Univ., Habil.-Schr.--Braunschweig, 2003. / Literaturverz. S. 259 - 277.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 262-297). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 serra_jr_me_bauru.pdf: 417392 bytes, checksum: 082a2790e1d1266b3a4c9aeb22cb7a1b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar e analisar os benefícios e dificuldades da gestão ambiental em empresas industriais certificadas segundo a norma ISO 14001 no Estado de São Paulo. Para realização deste estudo adotou-se a pesquisa qualitativa complementada pela pesquisa quantitativa, tendo como base a realização de um estudo de caso com função exploratória, por permitir uma visão geral referente a determinado fato e possibilitar a apreensão da experiência, sua relação com referências teóricas e compreensão de outras situações significativas. O estudo de caso foi realizado em uma empresa de baterias automotivas localizada no município de Bauru, SP, com um sistema de gestão ambiental tendo como base a norma ISO 14001 implantado em 2005. A realização do estudo de caso permitiu verificar os vários benefícios obtidos com essa implantação, representados principalmente por aumento da demanda e redução da poluição ambiental. Uma das dificuldades na gestão do SGA é proveniente do aumento de custos, de um modo geral, para a empresa. A pesquisa quantitativa foi realizada por meio de survey com uso de questionário enviado pela Internet para empresas do Estado de São Paulo, certificadas pela norma ISO 14001, com apoio do site da Faculdade de Engenharia de Produção, UNESP - Bauru. Antes do envio, foram feitos contatos por telefone com as pessoas responsáveis pelo SGA nas organizações. As perguntas foram elaboradas de acordo com a escala de Likert, que permitiu medir o grau de concordância ou discordância em relação às afirmações sobre os benefícios e dificuldades apresentadas na gestão da ISO 14001. O número de empresas que respondeu o questionário representou 35,6% do total das certificadas e atendeu as estimativas da amostra. Os resultados das pesquisas mostraram que as hipóteses sobre os benefícios e dificuldades. Os resultados das pesquisas... / The objective of this work is to identify and to analyze the benefits and difficulties of the environmental management in certified industrial companies according to the norm ISO 14001 in the state of São Paulo. For accomplishment of this study the qualitative research was adopted complemented by the quantitative research, tends as base the accomplishment of a case study with exploratory function, for to allow a general vision regarding certain fact and to make possible the apprehension of the experience, your relationship with theoretical references and understanding of other significant situations. The case study was accomplished in a company of automotive batteries located in the city of Bauru, SP, with an environmental management system tends as base the norm ISO 14001 implanted in 2005. The accomplishment of the case study allowed to verify the several benefits obtained with that implantation, represented mainly by increase of the demand and reduction of the environmental pollution. One of the difficulties in the management of SGA is originating from the increase of costs, in a general way, for the company. The quantitative research was accomplished through survey with questionnaire use sent by internet for companies of the state of São Paulo, certified for the norm ISO 14001, with support of the site of University of Engineering of Production, UNESP - Bauru. Before the sending, they were made contacts by telephone with the responsible people for SGA in the organizations. The questions were elaborated in agreement with the scale of Likert, that allowed to measure the agreement degree or disagreement in relation to the statements about the benefits and difficulties present in the management of ISO 14001. The number of companies that answered the questionnaire represented 35,6% of the total of the certified ones and he/she assisted the estimates of the sample. The results of the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Otávio José de Oliveira / Banca: Rosane Aparecida Gomes Battistelle / Banca: Luiz Cesar Ribeiro Carpinetti / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar e analisar os benefícios e dificuldades da gestão ambiental em empresas industriais certificadas segundo a norma ISO 14001 no Estado de São Paulo. Para realização deste estudo adotou-se a pesquisa qualitativa complementada pela pesquisa quantitativa, tendo como base a realização de um estudo de caso com função exploratória, por permitir uma visão geral referente a determinado fato e possibilitar a apreensão da experiência, sua relação com referências teóricas e compreensão de outras situações significativas. O estudo de caso foi realizado em uma empresa de baterias automotivas localizada no município de Bauru, SP, com um sistema de gestão ambiental tendo como base a norma ISO 14001 implantado em 2005. A realização do estudo de caso permitiu verificar os vários benefícios obtidos com essa implantação, representados principalmente por aumento da demanda e redução da poluição ambiental. Uma das dificuldades na gestão do SGA é proveniente do aumento de custos, de um modo geral, para a empresa. A pesquisa quantitativa foi realizada por meio de survey com uso de questionário enviado pela Internet para empresas do Estado de São Paulo, certificadas pela norma ISO 14001, com apoio do site da Faculdade de Engenharia de Produção, UNESP - Bauru. Antes do envio, foram feitos contatos por telefone com as pessoas responsáveis pelo SGA nas organizações. As perguntas foram elaboradas de acordo com a escala de Likert, que permitiu medir o grau de concordância ou discordância em relação às afirmações sobre os benefícios e dificuldades apresentadas na gestão da ISO 14001. O número de empresas que respondeu o questionário representou 35,6% do total das certificadas e atendeu as estimativas da amostra. Os resultados das pesquisas mostraram que as hipóteses sobre os benefícios e dificuldades. Os resultados das pesquisas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this work is to identify and to analyze the benefits and difficulties of the environmental management in certified industrial companies according to the norm ISO 14001 in the state of São Paulo. For accomplishment of this study the qualitative research was adopted complemented by the quantitative research, tends as base the accomplishment of a case study with exploratory function, for to allow a general vision regarding certain fact and to make possible the apprehension of the experience, your relationship with theoretical references and understanding of other significant situations. The case study was accomplished in a company of automotive batteries located in the city of Bauru, SP, with an environmental management system tends as base the norm ISO 14001 implanted in 2005. The accomplishment of the case study allowed to verify the several benefits obtained with that implantation, represented mainly by increase of the demand and reduction of the environmental pollution. One of the difficulties in the management of SGA is originating from the increase of costs, in a general way, for the company. The quantitative research was accomplished through survey with questionnaire use sent by internet for companies of the state of São Paulo, certified for the norm ISO 14001, with support of the site of University of Engineering of Production, UNESP - Bauru. Before the sending, they were made contacts by telephone with the responsible people for SGA in the organizations. The questions were elaborated in agreement with the scale of Likert, that allowed to measure the agreement degree or disagreement in relation to the statements about the benefits and difficulties present in the management of ISO 14001. The number of companies that answered the questionnaire represented 35,6% of the total of the certified ones and he/she assisted the estimates of the sample. The results of the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre