Biomass conversion into forms of energy is receiving current attention because of environmental, energy and agricultural concerns. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the environmental, energy, economic, and technological aspects of using a form of biomass, switchgrass (panicum virgatum), as a partial or complete replacement for coal in power generation and cogeneration systems. To examine the effects of such a substitution, an environmental biocomplexity approach is used, wherein the agricultural, technological, economic, and environmental factors are addressed. In particular, lifecycle analysis (LCA) and a three-dimensional integrated economic, energy and environmental analysis is employed. The effectiveness of alternate technologies for switchgrass preparation, harvest and use in terms of greenhouse gas impact, cost and environmental implications is examined. Also, different scenarios of cofiring and biomass preparation pathways are investigated. Optimization of the total biomass power generation cost with minimum greenhouse gas effect is undertaken using mathematical programming for various alternate competitive biomass processing pathways. As a byproduct of this work a generic tool to optimize the cost and greenhouse gas emissions for allocation of fuel sources to the power generating sinks is developed. Further, this work discusses the sensitivity of the findings to varied cofiring ratios, coal prices, hauling distances, per acre yields, etc. Besides electricity generation in power plants, another viable alternative for reducing greenhouse gases (GHGs) is the utilization of biomass in conjunction with combined heat and power (CHP) in the process industries. This work addresses the utilization of biowaste or biomass source in a processing facility for CHP. A systematic algebraic procedure for targeting cogeneration potential ahead of detailed power generation network design is presented. The approach presented here effectively utilizes the biomass and biowaste sources as external fuel, and matches it with the use and dispatch of fuel sources within the process, heating and non-heating steam demands, and power generation. The concept of extractable energy coupled with flow balance via cascade diagram has been used as a basis to construct this approach. The work also discusses important economic factors and environmental policies required for the cost-effective utilization of biomass for electricity generation and CHP.

The Waterloo Membrane Sampler (WMS) is a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based permeation passive sampler developed at the University of Waterloo. This sampler has found numerous applications in the sampling of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from air and soil gas. In the presented thesis, studies were conducted to expand the WMS applicability to different environmental matrices. In the first part of this work, a modified version of the sampler, with a smaller area of the sampling surface, was calibrated towards seventeen VOCs listed as sources of concern in guidance documents for vapor intrusion. The calibration constant values obtained at different exposure periods demonstrated high reproducibility and independency of the exposure time. Furthermore, the application of the WMS for VOC sampling from groundwater was examined. This study involved seven VOCs considered as important groundwater pollutants. The performance of the sampler was examined at different concentration levels and for different exposure times. The effects of the sorbent type and bubble formation at the surface of the membrane on the sampling efficiency were evaluated in order to optimize the performance of the WMS. A hypothesis regarding the calibration constant values in water sampling compared to their values in air sampling was examined. The WMS demonstrated linear uptake of the targeted compounds over the studied periods of time and at different concentration levels. Very low detection limits were achieved for all studied compounds. The calibration constant values for the sampler towards the studied compounds were measured with a reasonable reproducibility. Nonetheless, the experimental values of the calibration constants in water sampling did not comply with the theory. Furthermore, a new method of bulk soil sampling was tested. In this approach, the soil sample is enclosed in a container along with the WMS placed in the headspace of the sample. The capability of the WMS to perform exhaustive extraction of volatile organic compounds trapped in the sample was tested in this case. Two compounds, TCE and PCE were used as model compounds to test the introduced method. The initial experiments involved sampling from spiked sand soil as the simplest scenario. The experimental setup was evaluated and modified accordingly to achieve the desired extraction. The effects of the exposure parameters on the extraction efficiency were examined through experimental design starting with extraction from sand followed by extraction from a soil with a high organic content. The three-factor factorial design used for this purpose included the three factors: temperature, water content, and exposure time. The results demonstrated high extraction efficiency achieved when sampling from sand and lower extraction efficiency when sampling from the soil with a high organic content. The recovery was enhanced to a large extent in the latter case at a higher temperature with very low detection limits. The results presented in this thesis indicate that the WMS can be a potential universal tool for sampling from all environmental matrices in vapor intrusion investigations.

BIANCHI, Christina. A análise ambiental como subsídio para o desenvolvimento sustentável do município de Capistrano-CE. 2005. 138 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Programa Regional de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2005. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-04-26T14:01:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_cbianchi.pdf: 1640494 bytes, checksum: 813550103d84b438cf0d380800dc0e89 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-04-26T14:02:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_cbianchi.pdf: 1640494 bytes, checksum: 813550103d84b438cf0d380800dc0e89 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:02:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_cbianchi.pdf: 1640494 bytes, checksum: 813550103d84b438cf0d380800dc0e89 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / The purpose of this work is the contextual analysis of the present status of the environmental at Capistrano County (Ceará State), producing organized information in order to permit a rational interference on its evolution through proposals subsidizing local and regional Sustainable Development Policies. The methodology adopted in this research was conducted under the optical of the systemic method approach, aiming to analyze the environmental components diagnosis through an interdisciplinary focus. Located at the North region of Ceará State and being part of the Administrative Region of the Baturité Mountain Range, Capistrano has typical resources of semiarid environment and shows a historical predatory agriculture, emphasized by the presence of poor soils, scarce water resources, limited and bad rain distribution, high temperatures and evapo-transpiration and low capacity of water retention in the soil. Historically their natural resources had been used under inadequate way due to economic rashness and to the absence of knowledge on their method of conservation. The diagnosis of on their abiotic, biotic and antropic compounds permitted an evaluation of the present environmental scenario at Capistrano’s County, being useful for the identification of the environmental impact actors, for the evaluation of types and levels of environmental degradation and for the zonation of areas with the same characteristics. From this diagnosis, some preventive or mitigatory actions for the eventual negative impacts imposed by the antropic activities were formulated and a prognostic of the spontaneous evolution of the environment was prepared. The information resulted from the analysis of the present environmental context of the County are important subsidies for the public politics aiming to establish an environmental scenario able to maintain the equilibrium between rational use of natural resources and socio-economic local development. However, the persistence on the present model of agro-cattle exploitation in the County which disregards their natural characteristics is provoking a degeneration process of the ecosystems. The disforestation and the burning of vegetation increase have intensified the erosion process which is evidenced by the presence of wrinkles and rill-erosion. Soils are losing their natural fertility and if this model persists they will lose their productive capacity and by this way there will be the loss the capacity support for any economic activity related to the agriculture sector. Therefore, it is necessary a population change on the thinking and behavior in relation to the use of natural resources or on the contrary the evolution of this figure will be the beginning of the desertification process. / A proposta desse trabalho foi analisar contextualmente o estado atual do meio ambiente do Município de Capistrano–CE, produzindo informações organizadas que permitam uma interferência racional em sua evolução e elaborando propostas que sirvam como subsídio para uma Política de Desenvolvimento Sustentável local e regional. A metodologia adotada nesta pesquisa foi conduzida sob a ótica do método de abordagem sistêmica, procurando-se fazer uma análise do diagnóstico dos componentes ambientais através de um enfoque interdisciplinar. Localizado na região nordeste do Estado do Ceará e inserido na Microrregião Administrativa do Maciço de Baturité, Capistrano possui recursos ambientais típicos do semiárido nordestino, apresentando uma história de agricultura predatória, realçada pela existência de solos pobres, escassez de recursos hídricos, quantidade limitada e má distribuição das chuvas, altas temperaturas, elevada evapotranspiração e baixa capacidade de retenção de água no solo. Historicamente seus recursos têm sido usados de maneira inadequada, principalmente devido ao imediatismo econômico e à ignorância das formas de sua conservação. O diagnóstico dos componentes dos meios abiótico, biótico e antrópico permitiu a avaliação do cenário ambiental vigente no Município, servindo como base para a identificação dos geradores de impactos ambientais, para a avaliação dos tipos e níveis da degradação do meio, e para um zoneamento das áreas de mesmas características. A partir desse diagnóstico foram formuladas algumas medidas preventivas ou mitigadoras para os eventuais impactos negativos impostos pela ação antrópica e elaborado um prognóstico da evolução espontânea do ambiente. As informações resultantes da análise do contexto ambiental em que se encontra o Município são importantes subsídios para políticas públicas que tenham como objetivo estabelecer um cenário ambiental capaz de manter o equilíbrio entre o uso racional dos recursos naturais e o desenvolvimento sócio-econômico local. Entretanto, a insistência no atual modelo de exploração agro-pastoril do Município, desrespeitando suas características naturais, vem desencadeando o processo de degeneração dos ecossistemas. O aumento do desmatamento e das queimadas tem intensificado a erosão, evidenciada pela presença de sulcos e ravinas. Os solos estão perdendo sua fertilidade natural e se houver persistência na prática desse modelo, eles perderão sua capacidade produtiva, e com isso, haverá perda da capacidade de suporte para qualquer atividade econômica ligada ao setor agropecuário. Portanto, torna-se necessário uma mudança de pensamento e comportamento da população em relação à utilização dos recursos naturais, caso contrário, a evolução desse quadro será o início do processo de desertificação.

Conscious consumption blogs are at the center of a particular online community where eco-friendly products are popularized. Through the lens of these blogs, this paper analyzes discourse around identity, purchasing, sustainability, lifestyle, community, and activism, to investigate the forces at work in the conscious consumption movement and identify where there is a need for a shift towards a more political environmentalism. As an environmentalist strategy, conscious consumption disproportionately centers the consumer angle, constructing personal possessions as symbols of sustainability. Language analysis reveals strong individualistic messages about personal belief, preference, and benefit which overwhelm any sense of communal good. Instead, motivation is tied to personal morals (holding oneself accountable for the environmental impact of consumption). In place of organized action, the goal of conscious consumption is self-fulfillment as a result of progressing on one’s personal journey. This is encouraged through self-education, voluntary awareness campaigns and leading by example. Overall, conscious consumption blogs’ strong emphasis on self improvement contributes to individualization of responsibility, discouraging followers from collectively imagining new political possibilities outside of individual households.

Byggsektorn står idag för en stor andel av växthusgasutsläppen vid produktion av byggmaterial ochanvändningen av byggmaskiner under byggproduktionsskedet. Det nationella målet är att Sverige år 2045ska vara koldioxidneutralt och utifrån detta mål har Fossilfritt Sverige, tillsammans med ett stort antalaktörer från bygg- och anläggningssektorn, tagit fram en färdplan för hur branschen ska bli klimatneutralt.Grundläggning står för en betydande del av den totala byggnadens klimatpåverkan och för att nå måletmed ett klimatneutralt Sverige år 2045 är det viktigt att discipliner inom grundläggning börja arbeta medutveckling och optimering av grundläggningskonstruktioner för att minska klimatpåverkan. I detta examensarbete har en intervjustudie utförts för att kartlägga vilka aspekter som styr valet avgrundläggningsmetod idag utifrån entreprenören och konsultens perspektiv samt för att kartlägga hurdessa aktörer använder livscykelanalys inom grundläggning av byggnader. En fallstudie har utförts för attundersöka hur livscykelanalys kan användas för att beräkna och jämföra klimatpåverkan samtprimärenergianvändningen från grundläggningsmetoder för byggnader genom att prova och utvärderatvå digitala LCA-verktyg. En litteraturstudie har genomförts för att skapa kunskap inom grundläggning och för att skapa förståelseom klimatpåverkan från byggsektorn samt vilka klimatkrav som finns. Litteraturstudien har legat till grundför valet av de två digitala LCA-verktyg som används i fallstudien samt har används för att ta fram enintervjuguide. Intervjuer har genomförts med aktörer från konsult- och entreprenadföretag som harvarierande erfarenheter och kunskaper inom livscykelanalys för grundläggning. Vidare har en fallstudiegenomförts där en jämförande livscykelanalys utförs mellan två grundläggningsmetoder, platta med pålaroch platta med lastkompensation, genom att använda två digitala LCA-verktyg, Klimatkalkyl 6.0 och BM1.0. LCA-studien utgår från verktygens avgränsningar och beaktar endast första delen av livscykeln,byggskedet (modul A1-A5) där Klimatkalkyl 6.0 beräknar klimatpåverkan och primärenergianvändningenoch BM 1.0 beräknar endast klimatpåverkan. Resultatet från intervjuerna visar att grundläggningsmetoder ofta väljs utifrån den ekonomiska aspektenmen att personlig erfarenhet, geografisk och historisk tradition även påverkar. Respondenterna anser attklimat- och miljökrav som förekommer i projekt ofta är otydliga och svåra att förstå. Intervjustudienindikerar att användningen av livscykelanalys är begränsad. Enligt respondenterna skulle användningenöka om man utvecklade kompetens hos konsulter och entreprenörer, förenklade LCA-modellen menframförallt om deras beställare tydliggjorde kravställningarna. I fallstudien visar de två verktygen på olika klimatpåverkan för respektive grundläggningsmetod och olikaskillnader vid jämförandet av de två grundläggningsmetoderna. Båda verktygen visar att grundläggningmed platta med pålar ger en lägre klimatpåverkan än platta med lastkompensation under byggskedetmed givna förutsättningar. Skillnaden mellan grundläggningsmetoderna är 2 eller 5 tonkoldioxidekvivalenter beroende på vilket verktyg man använder, vilket motsvarar cirka 13 respektive 23procent i skillnad. Båda verktygen visar även att betong, cellplast och stål är de byggnadskomponentersom bär den största andelen av den totala klimatpåverkan för respektive grundläggningsmetod. Ingen av verktygen Klimatkalkyl 6.0 och BM 1.0 är utvecklade för grundläggning av byggnader och i bådaverktygen saknas det byggnadsdelar som ingår i grundläggningsmetoderna, som studeras i fallstudien.Resultatredovisningen från respektive verktyg är även svårtolkade och bör utvecklas. Trots detta så ansesdet att båda verktygen kan användas som hjälpmedel för att beräkna och visa vilketgrundläggningsalternativ som ger minst klimatpåverkan. Då den ekonomiska faktorn idag är styrande för valet av grundläggningsmetod kan denna parameteranvändas som styrmedel för att öka arbetet med klimatanpassade lösningar. Förslag på fortsatta studierär att ta fram en relation mellan kostnader och klimatpåverkan för grundläggningsmetoder samt attundersöka hur man kan implementera livscykelanalys på projektörsnivå för att öka dess användning. / Today, the building sector accounts for a large part of greenhouse gas emissions during the production ofbuilding materials and the use of construction machinery during the construction phase. The national goalis that Sweden, as a country, will be carbon neutral country in 2045. Based on this goal, Fossilfri Sverige,together with a large number of companies from the building and civil engineering sector, has developeda plan of action for the industry's climate neutrality. Foundations account for a significant part of the totalcarbon footprint of building and in order to reach the goal of a climate neutral Sweden in 2045, it isimportant that disciplines working with ground foundations, begin to develop and optimize foundationconstructions to reduce the carbon footprint. In this master thesis, an interview study has been conducted to map which aspects affect the choice offoundation methods today, based on the contractor and the consultant's perspective, and map how theseactors use life cycle assessment (LCA) in foundations of buildings. A case study has been conducted toinvestigate how life cycle assessment can be used to calculate and compare carbon footprint and primaryenergy use from two foundation methods, by using and evaluating two digital LCA tools. A literature study has been conducted to find knowledge about foundation of buildings and to create anunderstanding of the climate impact from the building sector and the climate requirements in the buildingindustry. The choice of the two digital LCA tools used in the case study and the creation of the interviewguide is based on the literature study. The interviews have been conducted with employers fromconsultant and contractors who have varied experience and knowledge about life cycle assessment offoundations. In addition, a case study has been conducted in which a comparative life cycle assessment isexecuted for two foundation methods, pile foundation and compensated foundation, by using two digitalLCA tools, Klimatkalkyl 6.0 and BM 1.0. The LCA study is based on the limitations of the tools, consideringonly the first part of the life cycle; the construction phase (module A1-A5). Klimatkalkyl 6.0 calculatescarbon footprint and the primary energy use, and BM 1.0 calculates carbon footprint. The results of the interviews indicate that founding methods are often selected based on economicaspects, but also on personal experience, geographical location and tradition. The respondents mentionthat when climate and environmental requirements occur in projects, they are often unclear and difficultto understand. The interview study indicates that the use of LCA is limited. According to the respondents,the use of LCA would increase by improved knowledge about the method, by simplifying the LCA modelbut above all if their clients clarified the climate requirements. In the case study, the two tools show different climate impacts for the respective foundation method anddiverse differences in the comparison of the two foundations. Both tools show that foundation with pilefoundation gives a lower climatic impact than compensated foundation, during the construction phase.The difference between the foundation methods is 2 or 5 tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalents dependingon the tools, which corresponds to approximately 13 and 23 percent, respectively. Both tools also showthat concrete, styrofoam and steel are the building components that carry the largest part of the totalclimate impact for each foundation method. None of the tools, Klimatkalkyl 6.0 or BM 1.0, are developed specifically for the foundation of buildings,and in both tools there are building components missing that are included in the foundation methodswhich are studied in the case study. The result report from the respective tools is also difficult to interpretand should be developed. In spite of this, the conclusion is that both tools can be used as an aid tocalculate and show which foundation option will generates the lowest carbon footprint. As the economic factors today affects the choice of foundation method, this parameter can be used as ameans of increasing work on climate-adapted solutions. Proposals for further studies are to establish arelationship between costs and climate impacts for foundations and to investigate how to implement andincrease the use of life cycle assessment on a design level.

Orientador: Fresia Ricardi-Branco / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T12:28:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eymael_LizianedeRosso_M.pdf: 9495311 bytes, checksum: 1f5dfdf286098681524e832b04ceea76 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Uma expressiva modificação ambiental onde o impacto das atividades humanas tem resultado em danos aos recursos hídricos, vem sendo verificada nas microbacias dos rios Itaim-Guaçu, Pirapitingui e Braiaiá, em Itu, SP, principais mananciais superficiais do município. Dessa forma justifica-se a necessidade de serem desenvolvidos programas, ferramentas políticas e de gerenciamento ambiental que busquem uma redução desta degradação. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo fazer uma pré-análise do uso e ocupação do solo e das condições atuais de degradação dos recursos naturais, analisar leis, dados e programas pré-existentes, avaliar quais destes poderiam ser desenvolvidos e prognosticar outras soluções, que possam conduzir à minimização da degradação dessas microbacias. De modo a se ter uma melhor visualização e compreensão da evolução da ocupação do solo nas microbacias, foram elaborados mapas à partir de missões aéreas dos anos de 1962 (escala 1/25.000, possuindo 86 fotos) e imagem LANDSAT 7 2002, através do programa AutoCAD 2000, nos quais foram destacados as áreas urbanas, áreas loteadas, áreas desmatadas, áreas de vegetação, além da identificação de cursos d'água e estradas. Para o mapeamento, foram consideradas: a) áreas urbanas/ núcleo urbano - aquelas pertencentes à região de maior concentração populacional, cujo limite se dá no aumento de espassamento entre as residências; b) áreas loteadas - regiões distantes do núcleo urbano, limitadas também, pelo aumento de espassamento entre as residências; c) áreas de vegetação - aquelas cuja densidade não permite a visualização de nenhum ponto do solo; d) áreas desmatadas - áreas abertas e não apresentam vegetação; e) curso d'água - qualquer recurso hídrico e; f) estradas ¿ caminhos pavimentados ou não. Através do confrontamento entre a interpretação de fotos aéreas dos anos de 1962 e 2002 e da análise, inclusive histórica, de dados, observou-se que o município de Itu, apresenta várias situações que podem estar impactando negativamente a região das microbacias estudadas, como o desmatamento causado pelo crescimento das áreas urbanas, loteadas, industriais, de extração mineral e de atividade agrícola, causando consequentemente, erosão, assoreamento de rios e reservatórios, além de oferecer possíveis riscos à qualidade da água. O plano ideal para diminuir esta problemática da falta d¿água no município de Itu, seria o desenvolvimento de ações focadas no incentivo e desenvolvimento de estudos voltados para a questão; investimento na manutenção do sistema de abastecimento e distribuição existente; fiscalização do uso da água superficial e subterrânea, de áreas de extração mineral, de preservação permanente (APA's) e outras vegetações; desenvolvimento de programas de parceria de preservação e de conscientização ambiental e; revisão das leis municipais e atendimento à legislação existente / Abstract: A massive environmental modification where the impact of human activities has caused damage to the hydric resources, has been noticed in the micro hydrological basins of the Itaim-Guaçu, Pirapitingui and Braiaiá Rivers in Itu, SP which are the principal superficial springs in town. Due to this fact there is the need of developing programs, get political support and environmental management that find a reduction to this degradation. The goal of this work is to make the pre-analysis of the use and occupation of the soil and the actual degradation conditions of the naturals resources, analyze laws, data and previous programs and see which of these could be developed and make a prognosis of other solutions that can minimize the degradation of such micro hydrological basins. In order to have one better visualization and understanding of the evolution of the occupation of the soil in the microbasins, maps to leaving of air missions of the years of 1962 (scales 1/25,000, possessing 86 photos) and image LANDSAT 7 2002 had been elaborated, through the program AutoCAD 2000, in which had been detached the urban areas, divided land into lots areas, deforested areas, vegetation areas, beyond the identification of water courses and roads. For the mapping, they had been considered: a) the urban areas/urban nucleus - those pertaining ones to the region of bigger population concentration, whose limit if gives in the increase of space between the residences; b) areas divided land into lots ¿ distant regions of the urban nucleus, also limited, for the increase of space between the residences; c) vegetation areas - those whose density does not allow the visualization of no point of the soil; d) deforested areas - open areas and do not present vegetation; e) water course - any hydric resource and; f) roads - paved ways or not. Through the confrontment between the interpretation of aerial photos of the years of 1962 and 2002 and of the analysis, also historical, of data, were observed that the city of Itu, present some situations that can be impacting negatively the region of the studied microbasins, as the deforestation caused for the growth of the urban areas, divided land into lots, industrial, of mineral extraction and agricultural activity, causing consequently, erosion, silted up the rivers and reservoirs, besides offering possible risks to the water quality. The ideal plan to heal the lack of water in the borough could be the development of the actions focussed on the incentive and development of researches related to problem, investiment in the mantainance of the water supply and its distribution, fiscalization of underground and superficial water, mining areas, permanent preservation (APA¿S) and other vegetations, development of programs of preservation and environmental information. Municipal laws should be reviewed and followed. / Mestrado / Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais / Mestre em Geociências

I detta examensarbete har en studie i samarbete med NCC Construction AB i Umeå genomförts. Studien handlar om ett arbetsmiljörapporteringssystem som heter Synergi.Syftet med detta projekt är att få Synergi att bli mer användbart för personal som jobbar på NCC samt att identifiera de problem som kan finnas i systemet.Målet för studien är att hitta förbättringsmöjligheter för att underlätta systemanvändning. Dessa förbättringsmöjligheter är tänkt att bidra till att systemet ska bli mer användbart. Genom att registrera och systematisera alla tillbud, olyckor och observationer kommer man att kunna reducera incidenter.Resultatet från intervjuerna visar, utöver de fördelar systemet har, att det finns nackdelar och svagheter i systemet som bör åtgärdas. Exempel på dessa nackdelar och svagheter är att systemet inte är känt bland NCCs personal, särskilt för yrkesarbetare samt har vissa struktur- och funktionsproblem. När ärenderegistrering har påbörjats går det inte att spara för senare slutföring. Vissa fält är betydelselösa eller kan göras bättre, samt att tillgång till ärenden som rapporterades är krångliga.Ett förbättringsförslag är introduktionsföreläsningar som sker tills all personal börjar känna till och tillämpa systemet. Dessutom bör struktur- och funktionsproblem åtgärdas som t.ex. tillgång till ärendet som rapporterades ska bli enklare genom att sätta en snabblänk till det i startsidan. Statusfältet vid ärenderegistrering är betydelselös och det fält som att anmälan gjorts till försäkringskassan och AFA bör ändras till en checklista genom val med klickalternativ istället för den nuvarande formen. Rekommenderas gör också att slutförande och ärenderegistrering görs av en person som blir ansvarig för Synergis ärenderegistreirng, det hjälper tjänstemän på arbetsplatsen att inte lägga tid på det. / In this thesis, a study has been carried out in conjunction with NCC Construction AB in Umeå. The study is about a working environment reporting system called Synergi. The purpose of this study is to make the system known and useful among staff who work with and for NCC, and to explore the problems and weaknesses that should be addressed. The goal of the study is to find improvement opportunities to facilitate system use. This helps the system to be useful, which in turn will reduce incidents by registering and systematizing all incidents, accidents and observations. The results of the interviews show, that in addition to the benefits, there are drawbacks and weaknesses in the system that should be addressed. Examples of these drawbacks and weaknesses are that the system is not known among NCC staff, and certain structural and functional problems. Once the case registration has been started, the cace can not be saved to be finished later. Some fields are unimportant or can be presented in a better way, and that access to cases that were reported are complicated. Suggestions for improvement recommendations are introductory lectures. They should be given until all staff begin to know and apply the system. In addition, structural and functional problems should be addressed, such as access to the cases that were reported will be easier to find by putting quick link to the home page. Status bar at the case registration is irrelevant. The field to the notification to the social insurance and AFA should be changed to a checklist choice, instead of the current form. It is also recommended that the case registration should be transfered to a person who will be responsible for Synergis case registreirng. It helps officials in the workplace to save time.

The construction and real estate sector contributed with about 18 tons of carbon dioxideequivalents which corresponds to almost 21 percent of Sweden’s total greenhouse gasemissions. Fact is that the construction and real estate sector contribute a significant part inthe climate impact.An approach to examine a building’s environmental impact is to implement Life CycleAssessment (LCA). By doing that a full picture of the climate impact during the building’slifetime can be seen. The results can be used to find out in what stage of the building processimprovements can be done to reduce the climate impact.The purpose of this study is to examine and understand how to execute Climate CycleAssessments and Life Cycle Assessments and how they can support the decisions forbuilding constructions with less climate impact. The aim is to examine digital conditions thatare required to be able to integrate the BIM-software Revit with One Click LCA. The study islimited to analyzing the frame and the foundation of a building. Only LCA-modules A1-3will be calculated because these modules are included in the mandatory climate declarationfrom year 2022. A1-3 includes raw material extraction, transport and manufacturing.The study is based on a qualitative method, where information is obtained from literaturestudies and semi-structured interviews to answer the questions of this study. The literaturestudy is done by using scientific articles, reports, and literature. Semi-structured interviewsare accomplished with relevant respondents. The software that is used to execute the analysisis One Click LCA, which is integrable with Revit due to an add-in in the program.The integration between BIM and LCA was tested by using One Click LCA:s add-in tool inRevit, a result was then available but a completion had to be done in One Click LCA:s webapplication to get a result that includes the carbon dioxide equivalents from the modulesA1-3. An update of One Click LCA:s add-in program should be developed to avoid extrawork and save more time. It is worth mentioning that the current add-in tool already haspossibilities to save money and time, it also increases the possibilities to reduce the climateimpact in an early stage.Keywords: Life cycle assessment, climate impact, BIM, Revit, One Click LCA

Stockholms stads översiktsplan ska uppdateras och innehålla informations och kommunikationsteknik, IKT. Syftet med denna rapport är att bidra till arbetet med översiktsplanen genom att uppmärksamma aspekter kring kopplingen mellan IKT och hållbar utveckling. För att uppfylla syftet så gjordes en litteraturstudie gällande Stockholms stads översiktliga planeringsdokument och verktyg för att påverka stadens utveckling. Litteratur om Wiens vision för en smart stad samt kopplingen mellan IKT och hållbarhetsaspekter studerades även. Två framtidsscenarier analyserades i två workshops för att identifiera möjliga utvecklingsaspekter kring IKT i Stockholm. Resultatet indikerar att IKT har stor potential att påverka den sociala och den ekologiska hållbarheten, både positivt och negativt, varför det är viktigt att IKT används som ett verktyg för att uppnå hållbarhetsmål. Fyra planeringsinriktningar och fokusområden identifierades som utgångspunkterna till en stadsbyggnadsstrategi för hur IKT kan användas i Stockholm. / The municipal comprehensive plan of Stockholm is about to be updated. The updated version will include information and communication technology, ICT. The purpose of this report is to contribute to the development of the plan by identifying aspects concerning the connection between ICT and sustainable development. To fulfill the purpose, a study of literature was conducted. The city of Stockholm’s comprehensive planning documents and its tools for influencing the development was examined together with the city of Vienna’s vision for a smart city and literature about the effects of ICT on sustainability. Two future scenarios were analyzed in two workshops in order to identify possible developments of ICT in Stockholm. The result indicates that ICT can affect social and environmental sustainability in positive, as well as negative ways. Therefore, it is important to use ICT as a tool to achieve sustainability objectives. Four planning directions and focus areas were identified as the point of departure for an urban development strategy concerning the uses of ICT in Stockholm.

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