Ports are the foreign gateway for countries and regions, and it is playing an increasingly important role in the world economy. While embracing the economic benefits brought by port development, Chinese ports are also faced with an unprecedented number of environmental problems. The overall goal of this thesis is to explore the similarities and differences between Canadian and Chinese ports in terms of their environmental protection policies, environmental management, and environmental protection measures. The thesis also aims to sum up valuable environmental protection experiences from both countries, in an effort to provide a reference guide for environmental protection activities in China. In this paper, many research methods have been used, including a review of the literature, site inspection, expert advice and case analysis in order to explore the similarities and differences in policies, concepts and measurements of port environmental protection in Canada and China. This information will be used to define the advanced concepts, managerial methods and measurements of environmental protection in Canada that Chinese government departments and port authorities could learn from. Through this study, suggestions will be made regarding what China's port sectors can learn from Canada in the following areas: (1) connecting port authorities with relevant environmental protection experts to carry out environmental protection research; (2) expanding the scope of port environmental protection, paying attention to co-operation with other agencies to protect the environment; (3) enhancing the protection of the ecological environment of the port， (4) paying attention to public participation in the process of port environmental protection; and (5) upgrading the environmental protection management concept on the part of port managers. It will be suggested that from Canada, relevant Chinese government departments should learn to (1) promulgate operational laws and regulations related to port environmental protection; (2) set up port management institutions to improve the port environmental management; (3) clarify the role of government departments, ports and environmental regulatory authorities in the course of the environmental protection; and (4) strengthen enforcement and regulations. In addition, it will be suggested that the enhancement of public awareness regarding environmental protection be continued and that relevant laws be passed to expand the scope of public participation.

Ports are the foreign gateway for countries and regions, and it is playing an increasingly important role in the world economy. While embracing the economic benefits brought by port development, Chinese ports are also faced with an unprecedented number of environmental problems. The overall goal of this thesis is to explore the similarities and differences between Canadian and Chinese ports in terms of their environmental protection policies, environmental management, and environmental protection measures. The thesis also aims to sum up valuable environmental protection experiences from both countries, in an effort to provide a reference guide for environmental protection activities in China. In this paper, many research methods have been used, including a review of the literature, site inspection, expert advice and case analysis in order to explore the similarities and differences in policies, concepts and measurements of port environmental protection in Canada and China. This information will be used to define the advanced concepts, managerial methods and measurements of environmental protection in Canada that Chinese government departments and port authorities could learn from. Through this study, suggestions will be made regarding what China's port sectors can learn from Canada in the following areas: (1) connecting port authorities with relevant environmental protection experts to carry out environmental protection research; (2) expanding the scope of port environmental protection, paying attention to co-operation with other agencies to protect the environment; (3) enhancing the protection of the ecological environment of the port， (4) paying attention to public participation in the process of port environmental protection; and (5) upgrading the environmental protection management concept on the part of port managers. It will be suggested that from Canada, relevant Chinese government departments should learn to (1) promulgate operational laws and regulations related to port environmental protection; (2) set up port management institutions to improve the port environmental management; (3) clarify the role of government departments, ports and environmental regulatory authorities in the course of the environmental protection; and (4) strengthen enforcement and regulations. In addition, it will be suggested that the enhancement of public awareness regarding environmental protection be continued and that relevant laws be passed to expand the scope of public participation.

Darbo objektas – savanoriški susitarimai dėl energijos efektyvumo didinimo. Darbo tikslas – įvertinti savanoriškų susitarimų naudojimo patirtį kitose šalyse ir nustatyti jų panaudojimo galimybes Lietuvoje. Darbo uždaviniai: • Išanalizuoti ir susisteminti mokslinę, teorine ir empirinę literatūrą, nagrinėjančią savanoriškus susitarimus; • Išsiaiškinti savanoriškų susitarimų naudojimo praktiką kitose šalyse; • Ištirti energijos vartojimo tendencijas Lietuvoje; • Išanalizuoti Lietuvos teisinę bazę, ir įstatymus reguliuojančius savanoriškus susitarimus; • Atlikti anketinį įmonių tyrimą ir išsiaiškinti savanoriškų susitarimų panaudojimo galimybes Lietuvoje. Hipotezė – savanoriškų susitarimų dėl energijos efektyvumo didinimo plėtrą Lietuvoje stabdo patirties savanoriškų aplinkos politikos priemonių panaudojimo srityje stoka, mažas informuotumas, institucinės ir tesinės bazės nebuvimas. Darbo struktūra. Darbas susideda iš trijų pagrindinių dalių. Pirmoje apžvelgiama mokslinė literatūra, susijusi su savanoriškais susitarimais, bei jų taikymo patirtimi. Antrojoje apžvelgiama ES politika energijos vartojimo efektyvumo didinimo srityje ir savanoriškų susitarimų dėl energijos vartojimo efektyvumo didinimo įgyvendinimo rezultatai ES. Taip pat šioje dalyje analizuojamos energijos vartojimo tendencijos Lietuvoje. Trečiojoje dalyje, pateikiami anketinės įmonių apklausos rezultatai bei aptariamos savanoriškų susitarimų panaudojimo galimybės Lietuvoje. Visą darbą sudaro 52 puslapiai, darbe yra... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Work item - voluntary agreements on energy efficiency. Working the problem - it is necessary to the implementation of the EU Directive, while Lithuania is not disbanded the possibility of the use of voluntary agreements for the implementation of energy efficiency improvement goal. The aim - to evaluate the use of voluntary agreements and the experience of other countries to determine their potential use in Lithuania. Job tasks: analyze and structure the scientific, theoretical and empirical literature dealing with voluntary agreements; Practice the use of voluntary agreements in other countries; Investigate the energy consumption trends in Lithuania; analyze the Lithuanian legal framework, and the laws governing voluntary agreements; Make corporate investigations, and to clarify the use of voluntary agreements in Lithuania. Hypothesis - voluntary agreements on energy efficiency development in Lithuania is hampered by lack of practice on voluntary environmental policies, low awareness and lack of law basis. The work consists of three main parts. The first reviews the scientific literature relating to voluntary agreements, and their experiences. The second reviews the EU's policy to improve energy efficiency, and voluntary agreements on energy efficiency implementation of the results of the EU. I also analyzed in this part of energy consumption trends in Lithuania. The third part, the corporate results of the survey questionnaire and discussed the possibility of the use of... [to full text]