Siemens BT in Umeå has conducted an energy project (EPC - Energy Performance Contracting) of a number of items at the municipality of Lycksele. An EPC project was carried out by Siemens Building Technology (BT) and consists of three different phases; project development, project execution and project follow up. Now all three phases has been completed and it has been seen in the monthly energy follow up that despite the optimization of the properties, there are properties which do not receive the savings they anticipated during project development report and the energy audit. This is where the master degree project continues, with analyzing, evaluating and proposals for actions for these three objects: Forsdalaskolan, Furuviksskolan and Storgården.A feasibility study was carried out for each object and their separate project development reports, energy audits and different documented meetings of various kinds. After the feasibility study arose different issues that resulted in an inspection that were checked for all of the objects. Each object were visited one by one, and during the visits all of the information was noted and documented. If necessary measurements was carried out in the objects various areas. Finally, one object was elected, object one, Forsdalaskolan, for a brief simulation in the simulation tool IDA ICE (Appendix D) with respect to the buildings outer case.The result of the analysis and evaluation of the EPC project with respect to these three objects was that there were inadequately in both documentation and communication between the parties which resulted in some baseline corrections needed to be implemented and adjusted. Another factor that showed signs of affecting the objects performance was the human behavior. It is recommended that communication and understanding of human behavior is improved with the help of handing out brochures and when it comes to documentation the recommendation is new ways of working with notes in the energy audits and other documents to clarify the work that has been done, calculations made and the assumptions taken along the whole project.EPC projects were found to have both advantages and disadvantages. The advantage of making use of an EPC project was the possibility to package the actions for the large number of objects. By doing that more actions could fit into the estimated profit which enabled more actions to be included in the EPC project that did not equal as much savings in the short run. The disadvantage of EPC projects was a Catch-22 that occurred in phase 1. In phase 1, the foundation of the whole project is compiled but it’s also the same phase that aren’t being paid for if the entrepreneur doesn’t land the other two phases. This makes the entire phase 1 very risky and important for the project's outcomes. / Siemens BT i Umeå har genomfört ett energiprojekt (EPC – Energy Performance Contracting) av ett antal objekt åt Lycksele kommun. Ett EPC-projekt som utförs av Siemens Building Technology (BT) består av tre faser; projektutvecklingen, projektutförandet och projektuppföljningarna. Nu har samtliga tre faser genomgåtts och man har sett i de månatliga energiuppföljningarna att trots optimering av fastigheterna finns det fastigheter där man inte erhåller de besparingar som man räknat med under projektutvecklingsrapporten (PUR) och energikartläggningen (EKL). Det är här examensarbetet kommer in i bilden, en analysering, utvärdering och förslag på åtgärder för de tre objekten: Forsdalaskolan, Furuviksskolan samt Storgården.En förstudie genomfördes av samtliga objekt där deras separata PUR, EKL samt mötesprotokoll av olika slag och andra dokumenterade förändringar som skett i objekten studerades. Efter förstudien uppkom olika frågeställningar som resulterade i ett inspektionsmaterial som kontrollerades för samtliga objekt. Besöken av samtliga objekt genomfördes en efter en och under dessa besök noterades samtlig information och de förändringar som inte fanns dokumenterat men även statusen på de åtgärder som hade genomförts. Vid besöken genomfördes även mätningar av inomhustemperaturer i objektens olika utrymmen samt till viss del luftflöden och areor med mera. Till sist valdes ett objekt ut, objekt 1, Forsdalaskolan, för en översiktlig simulering i IDA ICE (se Bilaga D) med avseende på objektets klimatskal.Resultatet av analysen och utvärderingen av EPC-projektet med avseende på dessa tre objekt var att det fanns brister i såväl dokumentation och kommunikation mellan parterna vilket resulterade i att vissa baslinjejusteringar behöver genomföras och justeras. En annan faktor som visade tecken på att påverka objektens prestanda var det mänskliga beteendet. Det rekommenderas att kommunikationen och förståelsen för det mänskliga beteendet bättras med hjälp av utskick av broschyrer och när det kommer till dokumentation rekommenderas nya arbetssätt för att tydliggöra arbetsprocessen, beräkningar och antaganden.EPC-projekt visade sig ha både fördelar och nackdelar. Fördelen med att använda sig av EPC-projekt var bland annat att åtgärdspaketen togs fram för ett större antal objekt och att de samlade beståndet fick en översiktlig beräknad lönsamhet vilket möjliggjorde flertalet åtgärder. På så vis kunde effektiva och billiga åtgärder användas för att sedan betala för de större och mer omfattande åtgärderna som inte gav lika stora besparingar i det korta loppet. Nackdelen med EPC-projekt var dock ett moment 22 som uppstår i Fas 1. I Fas 1 tas underlaget för hela projektet fram men det är även den fas i projektet som entreprenören inte får betalt för såvida parterna kommer överens om att genomföra de andra två faserna också. Detta gör hela Fas 1 mycket riskfylld och viktigt för hela projektets utfall.

This thesis project has focused on studying ÅF’s business concept Energy Collaboration, which is their way of selling energy efficiency services. Thereforeongoing projects have been analyzed. The purpose was to determine achieved energy efficiency, costs and profitability for the studied projects. It was concluded that the Energy Collaboration is a good way of selling energy efficiency services, since the customer takes no risk and energy savings of about 15-25 % can be achieved with simple measures. ÅF’s costs for binding capital in projects were calculated and the result showed that it is possible for ÅF to use this concept and still make a good profit. However, it is important not to run too many measures at the same time, since it will result in lower profitability for ÅF. The thesis did also include two studies of energy efficient measures. The first one dealt with how to install an air/water heat pump to lower a building’s use of energy.This was carried out through simulation. Therefore, a code in MATLAB was written for this purpose, and this model was used to evaluate the potential energy savings from the heat pump installation. An existing dimensioning program from NIBE was also used for comparison. The results showed that a district heating price of 0.80SEK/kWh is needed in order for this measure to become profitable. The second study was about presence control of lighting in a museum that was part of an ongoing Energy Collaboration. The study was done mostly in theory, except foran inventory of the current building, and potential energy efficiency and costs were calculated. The results showed that it is profitable to realize this measure in the Energy Collaboration, and the most profitable solution is to wait for all the older measures to be paid off before the presence control installation is carried out.

Submitted by Tatiana Lima (tatianasl@ufba.br) on 2016-10-11T20:43:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Xavier, Thiago dos Santos.pdf: 1292275 bytes, checksum: 097c53b92c12a6509577ee6599fe6108 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Angela Dortas (dortas@ufba.br) on 2017-03-14T19:14:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Xavier, Thiago dos Santos.pdf: 1292275 bytes, checksum: 097c53b92c12a6509577ee6599fe6108 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-14T19:14:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Xavier, Thiago dos Santos.pdf: 1292275 bytes, checksum: 097c53b92c12a6509577ee6599fe6108 (MD5) / A Empresa de Participação Comunitária - EPC é um empreendimento estabelecido sob a forma jurídica de Sociedade Anônima de capital fechado (ou autorizado). Ela é formada a partir de um grupo de pessoas, que contribuem mensalmente para um fundo de investimento, durante um determinado período. Este recurso é utilizado para se criar empresas (limitadas) que geram emprego e renda à comunidade que esta está inserida. Com características peculiares que misturam uma estrutura empresarial e gestão compartilhada, a EPC surgiu no Brasil como uma alternativa econômica às comunidades e municípios com baixos índices de desenvolvimento. A sua origem é no estado do Paraná no início dos anos 80, mas o sucesso de seus empreendimentos fez com que a experiência se espalhasse para outros estados do país, em especial aos demais da região Sul e São Paulo. Na Bahia, foram formadas 3 EPCs, dentre elas a EPC Pilar S/A, criada em novembro de 1996. Localizada no distrito de Pilar, município de Jaguarari. A empresa é formada por 1.307 sócios, em sua maioria, são trabalhadores e ex-trabalhadores da Mineração Caraíba S/A. A EPC Pilar surgiu a partir do Acordo Coletivo de Privatização da Mineração Caraíba assinado por seus funcionários em 1994. Este acordo previa a transferência de ativos da Mineração para os trabalhadores (que podem chegar a US$ 0,5 bilhão, sendo a maior parte após o fim da lavra do cobre), que deveriam formar uma entidade associativa para geri-los, de forma a contribuir com o desenvolvimento do distrito de Pilar e a sua perenização, uma vez que, existe a previsão de exaustão da mina e conseqüente desativação da Mineração Caraíba, que é responsável por boa parte da mão de obra ocupada do distrito. O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender o que vem a ser esta modalidade de organização (EPC) e as especificidades da EPC Pilar. Desta forma, buscou-se descrever como se deu o processo histórico da EPC Pilar, a sua estrutura organizacional, modelo de gestão, o perfil dos seus gestores e seus conflitos. O trabalho, que é um estudo de caso, pretende contribuir para a formação teórica sobre o tema, ainda muito incipiente. Para isto, optou-se como referência metodológica a pesquisa empírica exploratória de cunho qualitativo e interpretativo. A pesquisa demonstrou que do ponto de vista teórico, ainda precisa ser feito novos esforços investigativos sobre a EPC. De início, verificou-se que as EPCs já demonstram, na realidade, diferentes formatos e princípios, a exemplo do modelo paranaense, que pode ser considerado um empreendimento da socioeconomia solidária, e do paulista, que se aproxima da empresa mercantil tradicional. Sobre a EPC Pilar, os aspectos históricos da sua formação contribuíram para uma relação conflituosa entre os seus sócios, centrada entre os dois grupos divergentes: o sindicato e a Mineração Caraíba, que somada à incapacidade gerencial de seus administradores conduziram a empresa a uma situação de pré-falência, mesmo com toda a disponibilidade financeira e patrimonial. O caso EPC Pilar apresenta elementos não tradicionais para uma rica discussão sobre a gestão de organizações comunitária. E, o seu insucesso acaba trazendo exemplos e lições importantes para estes empreendimentos. / The EPC (Company of Comunity Participation) is a corporation composed of a group of people that contributes mensaly to a investment fund during sometime. This financial recourses is apllied to the development of others companies that orginate jobs and incomes in their comunities. With peculiar characteristcs that mix a business structure and cooperative manangement, the EPC appeared in Brazil as an economic alternative way to the underdevelopted comunities and towns. It origin is on state of Paraná, in the begining of eighty’s, but the successful of the companies disseminated the experience to others states of the country, specially São Paulo, and other on the southern part. On Bahia were created three EPCs and one of them is the EPC Pilar S/A, that was created in November 1996. Located at Pilar’s district, on Jaguarari Town, this company is composed of 1.307 shareholders, most part of them are workers and ex-workers of MINERAÇÃO CARAÌBA S/A. The EPC Pilar S/A came from the Collective Privatization Agreement of the MINERAÇÃO CARAÍBA S/A, signed by it workers in 1994. This Agreement disposes about the transfer of assets from MINERAÇÃO CARAÍBA S/A (around US$ 0,5 billions) to the workers, that to manange it, they should have create an institution like a cooperative, in order to develop the district of Pilar and preserve it. Because the imminent end of the copper mine and the desativation of the MINERAÇÃO CARAÍBA S/A can mean the evacuation of the district. The goal of this dissertation is to comprehend this way of organization (EPC) and the specificities of EPC Pilar. Therefore it searched describe how was the historic process of EPC Pilar, it organizational structure, management model, the business administrators profiles and theirs conflicts. This case intend to contribute the theory of this theme, that is still incipient. For that, it opts as a methodological reference a qualitative and interpretative exploratory empiric research. The research shows that the EPC theory has to be more developed. First, it verified that the EPCs already show different forms and principles, as the example of Parana’s model, that can be considerated a solidary undertaking, and the São Paulo’s model, that is closer to a traditional enterprise. About EPC Pilar, the historic aspects of it creation contributed to a conflicting relationship between its stakeholders, concentrated in two divergent groups: the union and the Mineração Caraíba direction. This situation added to the management incapacity launched the enterprise to a bankruptcy situation, even with good financial and patrimonial availability. The EPC Pilar case show not traditional elements to a rich discussion about communitarian organization management. And it failure introduce important examples and lessons to these undertaken.

Strategic procurement items, including complex engineered equipment and systems essential for project performance, are frequently designed, manufactured, and delivered by suppliers who are outside the circle of cooperation between owner, engineer, and contractor. When suppliers are excluded from the design and planning stages of a project, much of the knowledge needed for successful design and integration is lost or underutilized. This research was done as part of a Construction Industry Institute sponsored project to develop and quantify a step change to the EPC process that will bring the supplier into the circle of cooperation between the owner, engineer, and contractor. The result was a step change entitled PEpC (Procure, Engineer, procure, and Construct). This research also sought to provide implementation guidelines for the recommended step change. Through an examination of the literature, a survey of industry experts, and the review of four case studies, this research found that PEpC, the step change recommended by the Construction Industry Institute research team, may reduce both the time and cost required to complete a project. The anticipated savings in project duration is expected to fall between 10 and 15 percent, while the anticipated reduction in project direct labor cost is expected to fall between 4 and 8 percent. / Master of Science

No description available.

The problem itself is not an issue¡A it¡¦s up how you see it! With the wave of capital movement as well as the rapid conversion of industrial development¡A if the business operation cannot cope with it in the giant surge of the century¡A it would be doomed and be swallow up. Traditionally¡A the engineering industry in general is passive¡A be inseparable from the old framework while performing the execution works. However with the flow of capital investment¡A it is announced formally that an internationalized project is coming. Especially we cannot foresee the disasters and avoid it in time. The post-disaster reconstruction projects will push to weed through the old to bring forth the new. Facing the radical change of industry¡A the Taiwan engineering company¡A just start involving the international project¡A would not be only a turning point¡A but also a good timing of self-development and enhancing the constitution strength. It is probably that an International Contractor for EPC project located in Taiwan will be well positioned and reputable in the next decade. The execution of an international EPC contractor has become to an internationalized mode¡F and this study will explore the description of qualitative research methods and Grounded theory study and Dunning theory¡A then through the managing science of engineering management in a compact way¡A to derive step by step how a regional engineering company¡A engaging international engineering contract for ten years¡A to establish and plan their long-term competitiveness and the ability of sustainable growth. This study will collect and interview long-term cooperation in the work of international engineering business partners. Through their different views and opinions¡A and also by the dynamic strategic interaction and new 7S model and the basis of Resource-based theory¡A comment how to adjust the old thinking¡A plan an updated strategy of implementing an international engineering industry strategy pattern that is a project organization oriented for contract execution then¡A lead to the establishment of long-term competitive advantage The study also assert that a successful international EPC Contractor with goal of long-term operation¡A can thrive in the world with base in Taiwan¡A by technical upgrading¡A defining positive organization orientation¡A setting up specific operation target in mid-term and long term respectively.

I detta examensarbete har åtgärder i ett energieffektiviseringsarbete av typen EPC analyserats. Umeå kommuns fastighetsavdelning startade sitt EPC-projekt 2008 syftet att energieffektivisera mer än 130 byggnader. Detta projekt sades då vara det största av sitt slag i Sverige. Bakgrunden till behovet av att utföra detta grundades i att en stor del av de tekniska systemens livslängd i fastigheterna började vara uppnådd samtidigt som ett energieffektiviseringskrav ålades fastighetsavdelningen. Siemens anlitades som entreprenör. De villkor som styrde projektet kom från beslutsfattande politiker och handlade om den viktiga besparingsgarantin. Denna garanti var en förutsättning för att få ekonomiska medel att finansiera ett projekt av den här storleken. EPC som modell valdes för att möjliggöra dessa krav. Den data som legat till grund för analysen av de energieffektiviseringsåtgärder som utförts har funnits samlad i eRoom, Siemens plattform för EPC-projekt. Den information som varit mest essentiell har varit de projektutvecklingsrapporter som för varje objekt beskrivit läge, problembild, åtgärdsförslag samt de energikartläggningar som innehållit alla energiberäkningar för energiläget i respektive fastighet samt potentiellt energiläge efter utförande av föreslagna åtgärder. De åtgärder som ansågs relevanta för att på det mest tydliga vis beskriva resultatet av Umeå EPC-projekt beslutades få ligga till grund för att reda ut hur besparingsfördelningen såg ut. Resultatet av detta arbete visar att de åtgärder som levererade störst del av den totala besparingen i ren energi var åtgärder kopplade till fläktar samt övriga åtgärder där styråtgärder av motorvärmare, injusteringar och pumpar rymdes. Efter dessa poster var tilläggsisolering samt belysningsåtgärder stora. Vidare vad gäller den ekonomiska besparingen var det konverteringar av uppvärmning som var absolut störst, därefter fläktarbeten samt kategorin övriga poster. Den ekonomiska investeringen var svår att på ett rättvist sätt jämföra mot hur stora besparingarna varit per åtgärd. En jämförelse av besparing mot antal åtgärder inom varje kategori visar däremot att konvertering till fjärrvärme samt värmeåtervinning var de mest effektiva åtgärderna.

No description available.

Submitted by Secretaria Pós de Produção (tpp@vm.uff.br) on 2017-07-27T19:41:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 D2014 - Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro de Barros Barateiro .pdf: 6039808 bytes, checksum: 44d3013c2830bb2b96f353a17b0bf002 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-27T19:41:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 D2014 - Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro de Barros Barateiro .pdf: 6039808 bytes, checksum: 44d3013c2830bb2b96f353a17b0bf002 (MD5) / O objetivo principal deste trabalho é o desenvolvimento de um modelo de implementação da automação destinada ao controle de processos industriais em plantas petroquímicas, cujos projetos são enquadrados como complexos pelas suas particularidades. O modelo criado aplica-se no conceito do Main Automation Contractor (MAC – Contratista Principal da Automação) onde uma única empresa é responsável pela automação de todo o empreendimento. Este trabalho é uma continuação da dissertação de mestrado do autor onde foram encontrados os construtos que justificam a elaboração do modelo proposto. O levantamento de dados foi baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com o corpo gerencial de mais alto nível das empresas envolvidas na construção de três grandes plantas petroquimicas. Os resultados foram obtidos a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa com aplicação de uma metodologia de análise de conteúdo e serviram para levantamento das condições de aplicação e a validação do modelo. A pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória teve por finalidade obter maior conhecimento sobre os temas principais incluindo uma análise sobre a evolução da automação e dos modelos de contratação praticados pela indústria, além da análise dos impactos da automação no ciclo de vida desses projetos e das metodologias de seleção de fornecedores. A pesquisa concluiu sobre a viabilidade de utilização do modelo proposto que é composto de três partes: a) a escolha do fornecedor do MAC; b) sua participação nas fases iniciais do projeto (FEED - Front End Engineering and Design) e; c) o processo de implementação do projeto de automação. A automação para o controle de processos industriais, principalmente destinado a grandes plantas petroquimicas é de fundamental importância para a otimização dos resultados desses investimentos e o modelo apresentado é suficientemente robusto, permitindo uma padronização das atividades e a minimização de subjetividades que podem ocorrer sem apoio de uma metodologia adequada. / The main objective of this work is the development of an automation implementation model designed to industrial process control in petrochemical plants, whose projects are classified as complex by its peculiarities. The created model applies the concept of Main Automation Contractor (MAC) which one company is responsible for automation of the entire project. This work is a continuation of the master science program of author that has found the constructs that justify the proposed model. The survey was based on a literature review and semi-structured interviews with the top management team of companies involved in construction of three large petrochemical plants. The results were obtained by a qualitative approach with application of a content analysis methodology and were used to identify the application conditions and model validation. The exploratory literature search aimed to gain more knowledge about key topics including a discussion on the automation evolution and contract models practiced by the industry, besides studying the automation impacts in the life cycle of these projects and methods of supplier selection. The research concluded on the feasibility of the proposed model, which is composed of three parts: a) the choice of the MAC vendor; b) their participation in the early stages of design (FEED - Front End Engineering and Design) and; c) the process of implementation of the automation project. Automation for industrial process control, mainly to large petrochemical plants, is crucial for optimizing the results of these investments and the model is sufficiently robust, allowing standardization activities and to minimize subjectivity that can occur without the support of an appropriate methodolog.

Companies need to streamline their project management today more than ever because of the competition that is constantly getting bigger and tougher on the market. Customers are getting more and more companies to choose from for their purposes. Through streamlining project management and information transfer, companies can increase their competitiveness and achieve business goals more and more clearly by reducing their project failures.This has led to the purpose of this study which was to identify shortcomings in the transfer of information between design and procurement. By identifying these shortcomings, Swedish industrial companies can streamline their processes between design and the procurement department to minimize risks in future projects. By using similar project processes in Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) which is a common project form for large and complex projects for industrial companies in Sweden. These identified shortcomings can be effectively sedated because these problems arose not only in terms of design and procurenment but have an impact on the entire project.Through a deeper investigation of theories about project-based concepts and through interviews with relevant people within Valmet, shortcomings will be identified and analyzed to review efficiency opportunities. The methods must be able to give similar companies the opportunity to streamline similar processes within EPC projects.The data collection was analyzed with thematic analysis and together with the theory to identify problems that arose in the information transfer.The result showed that problems arose between design and procurement were due in large part to other factors such as lack of time and lack of resources that are common in tough procurementsdeals. The empirical data from the respondents showed that there was a chain reaction due to lack of time and lack of resources which led to other common project management problems within the EPC. / Företag behöver effektivisera sin projektledning idag mer än någonsin på grund av konkurrensens som ständigt blir större och hårdare på marknaden. Kunder får allt fler företag att välja mellan för deras ändamål. Genom effektivisering av projektledning och informationsöverföring kan företag få en ökad konkurrenskraft och nå företagsmål enklare och tydligare genom att minska sina projektmisslyckanden. Detta har lett till syftet till denna studie som var att identifiera brister i informationsöverföringen mellan design och inköp. Genom att identifiera dessa brister kan svenska industriföretageffektivisera sina processer mellan design och inköpsavdelningen för att kunna minimera risker i framtida projekt. Genom att använda sig av liknande projektprocesser inom Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC) som är en vanlig projektform för stora och komplexa projekt för industriföretag i Sverige. Dessa identifierade brister kan sedan effektiviseras eftersom dessa problem uppstod inte enbart gällande design och inköp utan har en påverkan kring hela projektet framgångsriket.Genom en djupare undersökning kring teorier kring projektbaserade begrepp och dessutom genom intervjuer med relevanta personer inom Valmet ska brister identifieras och analyseras för att se över effektiviseringsmöjligheter. Metoderna ska kunna ge liknande företag möjlighet att effektivisera liknande processer inom EPC projekt.Datainsamlingen analyserades med tematisk analys och tillsammans med teorin för att identifiera de problem som uppstod i informationsöverföringen.Resultatet visade sig att problem uppstod mellan design och inköp berodde i en hög grad av andra faktorer som tidsbrist och resursbrist som är vanligt förekommande vid tuffa upphandlingar. Empirin från respondenterna visade att det blev en kedjereaktion på grund av tidsbrist och resursbrist som ledde till andra vanliga projektlednings problem inom EPC