Esta dissertação trata da indústria fornecedora de equipamentos para o setor elétrico nacional, com recorte específico para a geração de energia. A partir do contexto de formação do setor de serviços, busca-se estabelecer a trajetória da formação da estrutura de demanda para estes equipamentos. Enfatiza-se a presença do capital estrangeiro neste processo, inicialmente no setor de serviços e mais a frente atuando no setor industrial. Apresenta-se as principais características desta indústria, com destaque para a concentração existente e o favorecimento das empresas multinacionais. A análise é feita sob a perspectiva da oferta e da demanda. / This thesis is about industries which provide equipment to national electrical sector, with specific focus on energy generation. From formation context of service sector, we search to establish the formation\'s trajectory of demands structure for these equipments. Emphasize the presence of foreign capital in this process, at first in service sector and later at industrial sector. Presents this industry main characteristics, prominence to the existing concentration and advantages for multinational companies. The analysis is made in the supply and demand perspective.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1990.

Thesis (M.B.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1992.

Esta dissertação trata da indústria fornecedora de equipamentos para o setor elétrico nacional, com recorte específico para a geração de energia. A partir do contexto de formação do setor de serviços, busca-se estabelecer a trajetória da formação da estrutura de demanda para estes equipamentos. Enfatiza-se a presença do capital estrangeiro neste processo, inicialmente no setor de serviços e mais a frente atuando no setor industrial. Apresenta-se as principais características desta indústria, com destaque para a concentração existente e o favorecimento das empresas multinacionais. A análise é feita sob a perspectiva da oferta e da demanda. / This thesis is about industries which provide equipment to national electrical sector, with specific focus on energy generation. From formation context of service sector, we search to establish the formation\'s trajectory of demands structure for these equipments. Emphasize the presence of foreign capital in this process, at first in service sector and later at industrial sector. Presents this industry main characteristics, prominence to the existing concentration and advantages for multinational companies. The analysis is made in the supply and demand perspective.

D.Ing. / During the last pre-millennium decade South African engineers were involved mainly in military product development. The downscaling of development within the military arena, forced the engineering as well as other industries to refocus on commercial product development and marketing (the engineers in the military environment were not the only ones influenced by the change in the economic climate. Many others were also affected, but for the sake of explanation, the military environment was used). This stage led to the creation of various small- to-medium enterprises (SMEs), which were set up by creative, determined engineers and entrepreneurs. However, by the latter part of the last decade, these initiatives ended sadly in the liquidation of quite a number of companies. These ongoing liquidations are a result of various aspects, such as cash flow restrictions, growing currency value and a low national- growth figure. The research done in fulfilment of this thesis, addresses some of the events of the last decade and offers general, practical suggestions on how to overcome some of these hurdles within the current economic climate. It illustrates that experience enables an entrepreneur to develop methods and provide suggestions on how to create, establish, survive and grow within a high-technology driven SME. Shortfalls, methods and products are discussed by means of case studies. The products discussed in the thesis, are all classified among the field of mobile, portable and static electronic power-conversion. Thirty high-technology companies participated in a survey in support of the research statements. As a summary, it is shown that various aspects often restrict new product development (NPD) for SMEs. Optimum and effective usage of knowledge and experience in areas of technology, marketing, human resources, organisational, operational, manufacturing and financial management is required to achieve goals successfully and to survive in today’s industry. An investigation was done to determine the relationship between these interdivisions of an SME. In conclusion, methods and models are presented to optimise the techniques that are currently used within SMEs. These techniques are then further expanded on and presented as guidelines for business discussions. Practical examples are presented in support of the actual models.

Nous nous interrogeons sur la pertinence de considérer les concepts de "diversité culturelle" {DC) et/ou de "capital social" {CS) comme des facteurs explicatifs de la capacité d'ïnnovation {Cl) des organisations et des territoires. Nous partons des travaux de Reagans & Zuckerman (2001), qui montrent qu'à l'échelle des groupes de travail {GT), la DC n'a pas d'impact direct sur la CI, mais plutôt un impact indirect via deux variables de CS : la cohésion et la portée externe.Nous proposons que le concept de "capital social sécant-cohésif" (CSSC) - combinaison des 2 variables- constitue un facteur explicatif pertinent de la Cl des GT. Nous montrons à travers une revue de littérature. pourquoi et comment ce schéma complexe d'interactions peut être étendu à l'échelle des organisations, des territoires et des territoires-industries (Tl). Nous menons deux analyses empiriques pour tester cette modélisation. La première se situe à l'échelle des Tl et mobilise des données brevet pour reconstituer des réseaux de co-invention de 85 Tl de I'UEI dans l'industrie des équipements électriques. Nous évaluons le CSSC et la Cl de chaque Tl, et testons économétriquement leur relation. Les résultats confirment l'impact positif du CSSC sur la Cl et montrent que la cohésion stimule la quotité de brevets déposés, tandis que la portée externe favorise l'orientation collective et durable des innovations. La seconde se situe à l'échelle des organisations et mobilise des données primaires, collectées auprès d'un échantillon de 104 PME françaises. Les résultats confirment globalement nos hypothèses, bien que te cadre empirique ne permette de tester le modèle que partiellement. / We investigate whether tt is salient to çonsider the concept of "cultural diversity" (CD) and/or "social capital" (SC) as explanatory factors of organisations' and territories' innovative capacity (IC). The starting point of our demonstration is Reagans & Zuckerman's article (2001), who shows that at the level of work groups, CD does not have a direct impact on IC but rather an indirect impact, mediated by two variables of SC cohesion and external range. We propose that the concept of "bonding-and-bridging social capital"' (BBSC)- combination of the two SC variables- constitutes a salient explanatory factor of work group's IC. Through an interdisplinary literature review we show how and why this more complex pattern interaction can be extended at the level of organisation, territories, and territory -industry (Tl). We carry out two empirical analyses to test our hypotheses. The first study concerns Tl level. lt uses EPO patent date to reconstitute the co-inventor's network of 85 Tls of the EUI5 in the electric equipment industry. We evaluate BBSC and IC in each TI, and we test their interaction econometrically. Result.s confirm the existence of a positive impact of BBSC on Cl, and show thal cohesion stimulates the quantity or patents, while extemal range stimulate the sustainable and collective orientation of patents. The second analysis concerns organisation level. It uses a set of unique data collected from 104 French SMEs. Results broodly confirm our hypotheses although the empiricaI frame allows to test only a small part of the model.

No description available.

Nobel Biocare is a world-leading manufacturer of innovative dental solutions. The company has two production facilities in Karlskoga specified for producing dental implants and abutments to customers like dentists, dental technicians and their patients. Nobel Biocare has identified possibilities to improve its production processes using the concept of Industry 4.0. This thesis aims to assist Nobel Biocare by conducting a preparatory study investigating the suitability of implementing technologies from the concept of Industry 4.0 to improve company-specific processes. Suitability is based on a total of five criteria, which are: investment costs, production sustainability, monetary profit, effect on product quality and time savings in the production. The study should furthermore determine what demands are posed upon the company for this implementation to be successful. The thesis is treated as a project containing three major phases related to assessing the situation and identifying improvement areas, suggesting technologies from Industry 4.0 to improve these areas and assessing the suitability of the suggested improvements. The methods used were qualitative, consisting of informal and formal interviews with open-ended questions. This was complemented by internal and external documents and previous studies as well as observations. The thesis defined ten technologies as the core of Industry 4.0 and applied these to identified potential improvements within the company's processes. A total of twelve main areas of improvement were identified, highlighting waste, repetitive tasks, and other production related challenges. A total of 15 proposed solutions were formulated based on the identified improvement areas. Among these proposed solutions, Industry 4.0 technology automation was applied in seven of the areas, some sort of digitalisation was applied in four areas, Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR) was applied in two areas and Artificial Intelligence (AI) was applied within two proposed solutions. A total of ten of the proposed solutions were found suitable based on suitability criteria and three were found somewhat suitable. Out of the suitable implementations, five were related to automation, two to digitalisation and one within VR and AR. Artificial Intelligence was found suitable in two of the proposed improvements. Some of the requirements which are to be posed upon the company in order for the implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies to be successful were furthermore determined. These requirements were in regards to network speed and capacity, education of employees, cybersecurity and data ownership. / Nobel Biocare är en världsledande tillverkare av innovativa dentala helhetslösningar. Företaget har två produktionslokaler i Karlskoga som tillverkar distanser och tandimplantat till kunder vilka utgörs av tandläkare, tandtekniker och deras patienter. Nobel Biocare har uppmärksammat möjligheten att förbättra nuvarande produktion med hjälp av konceptet industri 4.0. I detta arbete har en förstudie genomförts för att hjälpa Nobel Biocare att identifiera hur lämpliga olika tekniker från konceptet industri 4.0 är att implementera i företagets produktion utifrån ett antal lämplighetskriterier. Dessa lämplighetskriterier är: investeringskostnader, hållbarhet i produktionen, monetära vinster, effekter på produktkvalitet och tidsbesparingar i produktionen. Arbetet presenterar även ett antal krav som kommer ställas på företaget för att implementationen av teknikerna som arbetet identifierat som lämpliga ska vara framgångsrik. Arbetet behandlades som ett projekt och delades in i tre större projektfaser. Först utfördes en nulägesanalys för att identifiera förbättringsmöjligheter i den nuvarande produktionen. Därefter togs lösningar fram på de identifierade förbättringsmöjligheterna med hjälp av tekniker från konceptet industri 4.0. Slutligen utvärderades hur lämpliga de olika teknikerna var att implementera som lösningar på de identifierade förbättringsmöjligheterna. Arbetet har använt kvalitativa metoder där majoriteten av data samlats in från informella och formella intervjuer med öppna frågor. Datainsamlingen från intervjuer har kompletterats med dokumentstudier av interna och externa dokument samt observationer. I arbetet identifierades totalt tio teknologier inom konceptet industri 4.0 som sedan användes för att ta fram lösningsförslag på identifierade förbättringsmöjligheter. I nulägesanalysen identifierades tolv huvudområden med förbättringsmöjligheter kopplade till slöseri, repetitiva arbetsuppgifter och andra produktionsrelaterade utmaningar. I de framtagna lösningarna så föreslogs automation inom sju områden och digitalisering inom fyra områden. Vidare föreslogs Augmented Reality (AR) och Virtual Reality (VR) inom två områden och Artificiell Intelligens (AI) tillämpades inom två av de föreslagna lösningarna. Totalt identifierades tio teknologier som lämpliga och tre teknologier som någorlunda lämpliga att implementera. Av de lösningar som identifierats lämpliga var fem inom automation, två inom digitalisering, en inom VR och AR samt två inom AI. Arbetet kom även fram till ett antal krav som ställs på företaget för att implementeringen av teknologierna ska lyckas. Dessa krav är kopplade till nätverkets hastighet och kapacitet, utbildning av anställda, cybersäkerhet och äganderätt av data.