Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1993. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-96). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan, 1912. / Cover title. Caption title: Winter as a factor in the xerophily of certain evergreen ericads. From Botanical gazette, v. 57. Bibliography: p. 487-489.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1961. / Accompanied by The triterpenoid constituents of the Hong Kong Ericaceae ([4] p. 24 1/2 cm) by H.R. Arthur [and] S.W. Tam. Melbourne, Commonwealth Scientific & Industrial Research Organization. 1960. In pocket. Reprinted from the Australian Journal of Chemistry. v.13, no. 4. pp. 506-509. Accompanied by Matteucinin (a new flavanoid glycoside) and other constituents of the Ericaceae of Hong Kong ([4] p. 25 1/2 cm.) by H.R. Arthur and S.W. Tam. London, Chemical Society, 1960. Reprinted from the Journal of the Chemical Society, August, 1960. pp. 3197-3200. Typewritten copy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-102).

Ericaceous plants are the richest growth form of the fynbos vegetation of South Africa. The fynbos is characterized by highly leached acidic soils, low mineral nutrients and climatically it is a winter rainfall and dry summer region. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associate with Erica species enhancing their ability to access essential nutrients for survival under unfavourable growth conditions. The aim of this study was to select local Ericaceae plant species and to isolate, identify and characterize the ericoid endophytes and assess these isolates as potential inocula for commercial berry species. Two ericaceous plants Erica cerinthoides L. and Erica demmissa Klotzsch ex Benth. were identified from the Mountain Drive area of Grahamstown, Eastern Cape. Root staining was used to confirm the mycorrhizal status of both plants. Hyphal coils typical of ericoid association were observed within the epidermal cells of the hair roots under a light microscope. The endophytes were successfully isolated in pure culture on 2% malt extract agar (MEA) and modified Fontana medium. Cultural morphology and microscopy were used for initial identification. Two slow growing isolates were selected. These isolates were further subjected to molecular identification; extracted DNA was amplified using ITS1 and ITS4 fungal primers. The rDNA gene internal transcriber spacer (ITS) was then sequenced and analyzed by comparison to sequences in the GenBank. On the basis of percentage sequence identity Lachnum Retz. species and Cadophora Lagerb. & Melin species were identified as the ericoid endophytes of E. cerinthoides and E. demmissa respectively. The optimum growth parameters of the fungal isolates were determined in 2% MEA incubated at varying temperatures and pH. It was established that both species had optimum growth at 27⁰C and pH 5. The Ericaceae species are sometimes found in metal contaminated sites were ericoid fungi have been proved to alleviate toxicity of their host. The fungal isolates were grown in increasing concentration of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ in 2% MEA. The growth of Lachnum species decreased with increasing Zn²⁺ ions above 2.7 mM while Cadophora species showed a change in morphology and also decreased in growth with increased ion concentration. However there were no significant differences recorded in the growth of Cadophora and Lachnum species on increasing Cu²⁺ concentration. Lachnum and Cadophora isolates were formulated into a semi solid inoculum and inoculated onto micropropagated Vaccinni corymbosum L. plantlets of 5 different varieties. Colonization was low for all varieties, Elliott and Brightwell varieties recorded the highest colonization of 35% and 31% respectively. Lachnum species infected roots showed potential ericoid structures while the Cadophora inoculated plantlets had hyphal coils within the cortical cells typical of ericoid mycorrhizas. Inoculation significantly enhanced the shoot growth of Brightwell and Elliott varieties. The Chandler variety inoculated with Lachnum species showed improved shoot dry weight. The Bluecrop and Elliott varieties inoculated with Cadophora and Lachnum accumulated more root biomass. All inoculated Bluecrop plantlets had an improved canopy growth index. Brightwell plantlets inoculated with Lachnum species also had an enhanced canopy growth index. The growth responses were variable within varieties and between varieties. Treatments with the Cadophora and Lachnum have shown potential in the promotion of growth of the Blueberry species. The findings indicate the need to conduct trials under conditions which simulate the commercial growth conditions so as explore the optimum potential of the isolates.

Orientador: Vinicius Castro Souza / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T11:20:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Romao_GersonOliveira_D.pdf: 127922008 bytes, checksum: 8d69c511b2d94b53f8bea2adcc04fa1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O presente estudo refere-se à revisão taxonômica e estudos filogenéticos em Gaylussacia Kunth (Ericaceae). O objetivo principal foi contribuir para o conhecimento da taxonomia e das relações filogenéticas do grupo, procurando verificar se o gênero e as seções são monofiléticos. A família é cosmopolita e possui cerca de 160 gêneros e 4500 espécies. O gênero Gaylussacia é tipicamente americano e reúne 63 espécies, sendo que seis são possivelmente novos para a ciência. São levantadas 52 espécies nativas do Brasil, as quais se concentram principalmente nos campos de altitude da Floresta Atlântica e nos campos rupestres como a Cadeia do Espinhaço, além da planície litorânea e bordas de rios na Floresta Amazônica. Na região dos Andes, são encontradas três espécies, uma distribuída pela região entre Argentina e Bolívia, uma entre o Equador e Peru e outra distribuída pela Colômbia até a Venezuela. Ao leste da América do Norte são encontradas outras oitos espécies, concentradas principalmente ao longo da planície costeira até a Cadeia dos Apalaches. O trabalho está baseado no levantamento das espécies obtidas em consultas bibliográficas, atividades de campo, consultas aos acervos dos principais herbários, bem como nos resultados obtidos através da análise de seqüenciamento de DNA. Desse modo, o trabalho consta de descrições das espécies, ilustrações, chaves de identificação, mapas de distribuição geográfica, comentários, fotografias das plantas e suas estruturas, além de análise filogenética do gênero utilizando marcadores como ITS e trnL-F. A análise filogenética indica que o gênero é monofilético, mas não sustenta o reconhecimento das seções. Ao longo dos estudos, foram publicadas três novas espécies, sendo elas: Gaylussacia luizae G.O. Romão & V.C. Souza, G. paranaensis G.O. Romão & Kinoshita e G. rupestrís G.O. Romão & V.C. Souza, além de propor a elevação de três variedades a espécies: G. bocainae (Sleum.) G.O. Romão & V.C. Souza, G. hilaireana (Sleum.) G.O. Romão & V.C. Souza e G. salviifolia (Sleum.) G.O. Romão & V.C. Souza. Aqui foram designados 37 lectótipos e três neótipos. Foram identificados 12 padrões de distribuição geográfica para as espécies do gênero / Abstract: The present proposal is to support the taxonomic and philogenetic study of Gaylussaaa Kunth. The mainly objective was to accomplish a taxonomic study of the species and of the Gaylussacia section, moreover, to accomplish a phylogenetic study of Vaccinieae tribe, and to verify the relationships among Gaylussacia and other near genera. Ericaceae is a cosmopolitan family, including around 160 genera and nearly 4500 species, it includes herbs until small trees and is distributed mainly in temperate and subtropical regions worldwide. Gaylussacia is typically a American genera, are 63 recognized species and 6 taxa probably unpublished to the science, which 52 are brazilian, eight are Noth Americans and three are from Andes, one between Ecuador/Peru, one between Bolilva/Argentina and one is from Colombia to Venezuela. The elaboration of the taxonomic revision is based on the survey of the Gaylussacia species, first, through bibliographical consults, second, through analysis of the specimens deposited in the Brazilian and European herbaria, third, through field expeditions around Brazil in order to collect fresh material for the phylogenetic studies and to observe the natural habitat. The study will present a monograph of Gaylussacia species, that will consist of descriptions, illustrations, maps and geographical distribution, identification keys for the species and varieties besides taxonomical comments, photografies and phylogenetic study using ITS and trnL~F sequences. The phylogenetic analysis indicates the monophyly of the genus, but it is not the sections. During the research, three new species were published, Gaylussacia luizae G.O. Romão & V.C. Souza, G. paranaensis G.O. Romão & Kinoshita e G. rupestris G.O. Romão & V.C. Souza, besides proprosing three new status: G. bocainae (Sleum.) G.O. Romão & V.C. Souza, G. hilaireana (Sleum.) G.O. Romão & V.C. Souza e G. salviifolia (Sleum.) G.O. Romão & V.C. Souza. It were designed here 37 lectotypes and three neotypes, and identified 12 patterns of geographical distribution for the species of Gaylussacia / Doutorado / Biologia Vegetal / Doutor em Biologia Vegetal

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Master / Master of Science

Fire suppression in the southern and central Appalachian Mountains has resulted in an alteration to vegetation structure and composition. For this research the dominant species, abundance, density and age structure of the ericaceous shrub layer is characterized on four sites across the southern and central Appalachian Mountains. Fire histories for each of the sites varied, and were determined in previous research using dendroecological techniques. Over 800 ericaceous shrubs were collected, species included Pieris floribunda (Pursh) Bentham & Hooker f., Rhododendron maximum L. and Kalmia latifolia L.. Basal area of ericaceous shrubs was significantly different between sites. Age structures show that when fire suppression started Ericaceae began to establish. A few Ericaceae cross-sections displayed scars, that are likely associated with fire events, suggesting they probably survived mild fire events. Ericaceous shrub age structures were also compared to SPB outbreaks and PDSI. There were no significant correlations, but field observations suggest that SPB may be providing conditions suitable for Ericaceae establishment. Topographic patterns reveal that Kalmia latifolia is most abundant at mid-slope positions and decreases at higher and lower slope positions. There were significant differences in the density between slope positions averaged across all sites. Sites with the most recent and frequent fires did not have any of the three ericaceous shrubs collected at the slope bottom or ridge-top. At the most fire-suppressed site Ericaceae are present at every slope position. Age structures reveal that the oldest Ericaceae are found at the mid-slope positions while the age of thickets appears to decrease away from the mid-slope position. This pattern suggests that Ericaceae are moving into slope positions where they were previously less abundant. Sites with the most recent frequent fire regime seem to have prevented Ericaceae from heavily inhabiting high and low topographic positions while also reducing the overall basal area and density of Ericaceae.

No description available.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1993. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-50). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Peatlands are carbon sinks and occupy approximately 13% of Canada’s terrestrial surface of which 0.02% have been harvested for horticultural peat. The extraction of peat from natural peatlands alters the hydrology which affects the growth and survival of Sphagnum the primary peat forming vegetation. Ericaceous shrubs do not require specific water content and soil water pressure conditions for their existence and in cutover peatlands they occupy more than 70% of the surface. Rainfall interception, transpiration and root water uptake and redistribution are processes that alter water availability at the soil surface. The high abundance of shrubs at cutover peatlands will influence the surface water balance and more importantly soil water availability and, inevitably determine the success of Sphagnum reestablishment at the site. This study seeks to understand the role that ericaceous shrubs play in the surface hydrological balance at a cutover site and how these changes impact Sphagnum development. Rainfall interception, transpiration, litter layer evaporation and soil water flux was investigated in the field and lab. Approximately 334 mm of rainfall was measured over the season. The shrub canopy and litter had a maximum storage capacity of 4 and 1.2 mm respectively and intercepted ca. 36.7% (120 mm) of rainfall over the season. The effects of rainfall intensity and duration were more important than gross rainfall in determining the amount of water intercepted by the canopy, while the thickness and mass of the litter layer largely determined the storage capacity. Evapotranspiration from shrubs averaged 2.5 mm day-1 with a total of 211 mm over the season. Transpiration was 68% (142 mm) of total evapotranspiration losses, and represented the greatest water loss from the shrub canopy. From these analyses only 22% (72 mm) of rainfall is available for other soil processes and moss development. The evaporation under a litter cover is lower than bare peat and in the field represents water storage of 17 mm over the season. Reduced water input by litter interception is offset by the increased water storage under the litter. Laboratory analyses of soil water flux under ericaceous shrubs show that water loss under the shrubs was greater than bare peat. Water use under the shrubs was highest between -10 and -30 cm and was ca. 2 times greater than bare peat at the same levels. Volumetric water content (θ) decreased throughout the day and water use by shrubs during the day was twice that at night. The shrubs also maintained θ and soil water pressure (ψ) above the threshold values of 50% and -100 cm, respectively, needed for Sphagnum survival. Based on these analyses the shrubs will be beneficial to Sphagnum reestablishment and survival once the primary water losses have been compensated. I recommend raising the water table above -20 cm. In peatland restoration activities, at this level, water used between -10 and -30 cm can quickly be recharged and surface moisture maintained above threshold by capillary rise helping to offset water loss by interception and transpiration through capillary rise.