Universiẗat, Diss.--Augsburg, 2007.

Univ., Diss.--Leipzig. / Literaturverzeichnis S. 379 - 398.

Zugl.: Kiel, Univ., Diss., 2008

This paper argues a case for the preparation of reading materials in Kiswahili and other African languages in order to enhance adult education in Kenya. Adult education clientele are defined as those aged over 15 who (a) were either never enrolled in primary schools or dropped out before completing and (b) `graduated` and currently participate in community extension services. Cognisance of mothertongues as the best languages to begin basic literacy is taken. However, since the literacy so acquired should be useful to the individual at both local and national levels, one needs Kiswahili for wider communication. Therefore, reading materials, especially for post literacy and adult literacy teacher training should be in Kiswahili. This will not only guard against relapsing to illiteracy and misinformation but will also alleviate the scarcity of reading materials in the face of hard economic times in Kenya.

Purpose: To review the roles of the different vascular beds nourishing the inner retina [retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)] during normal development of the human eye, using our own tissue specimens to support our conclusions. Methods: An extensive search of the appropriate literature included PubMed, Google scholar, and numerous available textbooks. In addition, choroidal and retinal NADPH-diaphorase stained whole mount preparations were investigated. Results: The first critical interaction between vascular bed and RGC formation occurs in the sixth to eighth month of gestation leading to a massive reduction of RGCs mainly in the peripheral retina. The first 3 years of age are characterized by an intense growth of the eyeball to near adult size. In the adult eye, the influence of the choroid on inner retinal nutrition was determined by examining the peripheral retinal watershed zones in more detail. Conclusion: This delicately balanced situation of RGC nutrition is described in the different regions of the eye, and a new graphic presentation is introduced to combine morphological measurements and clinical visual field data.

Univ., Diss u.d.T.: Bühler, Caroline: Berufliche Identität im Wandel--Bern, 2004.

Purpose: To review the roles of the different vascular beds nourishing the inner retina [retinal ganglion cells (RGCs)] during normal development of the human eye, using our own tissue specimens to support our conclusions. Methods: An extensive search of the appropriate literature included PubMed, Google scholar, and numerous available textbooks. In addition, choroidal and retinal NADPH-diaphorase stained whole mount preparations were investigated. Results: The first critical interaction between vascular bed and RGC formation occurs in the sixth to eighth month of gestation leading to a massive reduction of RGCs mainly in the peripheral retina. The first 3 years of age are characterized by an intense growth of the eyeball to near adult size. In the adult eye, the influence of the choroid on inner retinal nutrition was determined by examining the peripheral retinal watershed zones in more detail. Conclusion: This delicately balanced situation of RGC nutrition is described in the different regions of the eye, and a new graphic presentation is introduced to combine morphological measurements and clinical visual field data.

Background This study aimed to identify anxiety in dental patients visiting a dental clinic using the Dental Anxiety Scale, their level of psychological distress using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 and therefore identifying a correlation between these groups as well as their gender and age. Methods An adult sample of N = 1549 patients (865 females, 779 males) was examined over the course of three years using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 to evaluate psychological distress and the Dental Anxiety Scale to determine anxiety before dental treatment. Evaluations were conducted according to age and gender. Results There was no correlation between different age groups of the sample the Dental Anxiety Scale. Anxiety, depression and GSI were more frequent in patients below the age of 46 than above. Women were more susceptible to signs of Anxiety and Somatization and scored higher on the Dental Anxiety Scale and the Global Severity Index than male patients. There was a significant positive correlation between scores of the BSI-18 categories: Somatization, Anxiety and Depression and the DAS for dental patients. Conclusions This study showed that a relationship between dental anxiety and psychological distress exists. It would be an improvement to use a short questionnaire like the Dental Anxiety Scale to evaluate a patient before his first treatment so that more appropriate treatments can be pursued.

Multimodalität, die Nutzung mehrerer Verkehrsmittel innerhalb eines bestimmten Zeitraums, ist ein Sammelbegriff für sehr unterschiedlich in der Alltagspraxis umgesetztes Mobilitätsverhalten. Sie wird als Gegenkonzept zur einseitigen Nutzung des privaten Autos verstanden, mit dem sich große Hoffnungen für die zukünftige Entwicklung des Verkehrs verbinden. Bisherige Arbeiten grenzen den betrachteten Personenkreis fast immer auf eine bestimmte Form multimodalen Verhaltens ein, allen voran auf die Nutzung des Autos und öffentlicher Verkehrsmittel. Ansatzpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, die verschiedenen Facetten multimodalen Verhaltens in ihrer Gesamtheit darzustellen und zu untersuchen. Hierzu wird eine Klassifikation entwickelt, die sich aus der Modalwahl ableitet. Die Analyse des Mobilitätsverhaltens basiert auf den Daten des Deutschen Mobilitätspanels von 1999 bis 2008 und der Studie Mobilität in Deutschland aus den Jahren 2002 und 2008. In Abhängigkeit davon, welche der Verkehrsmittel MIV, ÖV und Fahrrad im Verlauf einer Woche zum Einsatz kommen, werden die Probanden einer Modalgruppe zugeordnet. Die Analyse lässt den enormen Facettenreichtum multimodalen Verhaltens erkennen. Generell ist multimodales Verhalten eine urbane Verhaltensweise, die v.a. den Alltag junger Personen prägt und dies in zunehmendem Maß. In Summe legen Multimodale weniger Kilometer mit dem Auto zurück als monomodale Autofahrer. Ihr CO2-Fußabdruck fällt je nach Datensatz um 20 bis 34 Prozent geringer aus als der von ausschließlichen Autofahrern. Nichtsdestotrotz nutzen viele Multimodale das Auto für einen erheblichen Anteil ihrer Wege. In Zukunft wird ausschlaggebend sein, wie sich die Verkehrsmittelanteile v.a. in Bezug auf weite Wege verändern und wie sich die gegenwärtig auf der Nachfrage- und Angebotsseite feststellbaren Veränderungen auswirken. / Multimodality, the use of several modes of transportation during a specified time period, is a general term for a wide variety of everyday mobility behaviors. It is perceived as an alternative to one-sided use of private cars, and one which has attracted great hopes for the future development of transportation. Based on the research which has been done in the past, people almost always limit themselves to a particular form of multimodal behavior, most often to use of cars and public transportation. The starting point of the present paper is to present and examine the various facets of multimodal behavior in their entirety. To this end, a method of classification will be developed which is derived from the selection of modes of transportation. The analysis of mobility behavior will be based on the data of the German Mobility Panel from 1999 to 2008 and the Mobility in Germany study from the years 2002 and 2008. Subjects will be assigned to modal groups depending on which of the modes of transportation, motorized individual traffic, public transportation and bicycle, are used in the course of a week. The analysis reveals the enormously diverse nature of multimodal behavior. In general, multimodal behavior is an urban phenomenon which is increasingly characterizing the everyday urban routine, especially for younger persons. In aggregate, multimodal persons drive fewer kilometers by car than monomodal car drivers. Their carbon footprint is 20-34 percent less than that of exclusive car drivers, depending on the data set. Nevertheless, many multimodal persons do use cars for a considerable portion of their travel needs. How the relative share of the various modes of transportation will change in the future, especially with respect to long-distance travel, and the impact of the currently observable changes in supply and demand will be decisive factors in the future.