Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-10-03T12:32:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Christiane Nascimento Formiga.pdf: 12550339 bytes, checksum: 77de40e2f59f0fb09d146f2d7602c62b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-03T12:32:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Christiane Nascimento Formiga.pdf: 12550339 bytes, checksum: 77de40e2f59f0fb09d146f2d7602c62b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / The interfaces between environmental education and health are many, but the main focus is in the general population suffering from directly or indirectly from the failures in the waste collection services, contamination of water resources and domestic sewage drainage problems without mobilize effectively to broker appropriate solutions for the public authorities. This paper presents a real-life scenario problems in sanitation in a neighborhood in the city of Serop?dica, RJ, in sequence the previous work (Ant, 2011). The main objective is to develop educational strategies for territorial development purposes, related to diseases caused by lack of sanitation in public health issues. The research involves the axes: theoretical, empirical and analytical / critical, whose images point such problems, followed by analysis and diagnosis thereof. According to the collection of images, interviews, questionnaires and information obtained from documents, one comes to the conclusion that environmental problems are properly mapped and technical solutions have been developed in the form of projects, so we can move forward on the development of strategies educational, since there are already sufficient knowledge on the subject. However for the implementation of actions aimed at visible / tangible solutions, it is necessary reinforce with the government that information to suggest that use them as the basis for a socio-political debate on the subject / As interfaces entre educa??o e sa?de ambiental s?o muitas, contudo o foco principal est? na popula??o em geral que sofre de forma direta ou indireta com as falhas nos servi?os de coleta de res?duos, contamina??o de recursos h?dricos e com problemas de drenagem de esgoto dom?stico, sem mobilizar-se efetivamente para agenciar solu??es adequadas, por parte dos poderes p?blicos. Neste trabalho ? apresentado um cen?rio ver?dico de problemas no saneamento b?sico em um bairro no munic?pio de Serop?dica, RJ, em sequ?ncia a trabalho anterior (Formiga, 2011). O objetivo principal ? elaborar estrat?gias educativas para fins de desenvolvimento territorial, referentes aos agravos causados pela falta de saneamento nas quest?es da sa?de p?blica. A pesquisa envolve os eixos: te?rico, emp?rico e anal?tico/cr?tico, cujas imagens apontam tais problemas, seguidas pela an?lise e diagn?stico dos mesmos. De acordo com a coleta de imagens, entrevistas, question?rios e informa??es obtidas em documentos, chega-se ? conclus?o que os problemas ambientais est?o devidamente mapeados e que solu??es t?cnicas j? foram elaboradas, na forma de projetos, portanto podemos avan?ar quanto ? elabora??o de estrat?gias educativas, visto que j? existem conhecimentos suficientes sobre o tema. Contudo para a execu??o de a??es que visem solu??es vis?veis/concretas, ainda ? necess?rio refor?armos junto ao poder p?blico essas informa??es ao que sugerimos us?-las como bases para um debate sociopol?tico sobre o tema

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-07-08T21:11:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EmersonAlencarDeMedeiros_DISSERT.pdf: 2911970 bytes, checksum: f1aed4ff1b910b2a9a0ab98f785583a7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-07-12T21:29:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EmersonAlencarDeMedeiros_DISSERT.pdf: 2911970 bytes, checksum: f1aed4ff1b910b2a9a0ab98f785583a7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-12T21:29:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EmersonAlencarDeMedeiros_DISSERT.pdf: 2911970 bytes, checksum: f1aed4ff1b910b2a9a0ab98f785583a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / ? preocupante o descontrole por parte das ind?strias que produzem insumos relacionados aos compostos fen?licos, promovendo a emiss?o ou descarte desse poluente no meio ambiente, trazendo danos irrevers?veis ? natureza bem como ao ser humano. Diante disso, ? imprescind?vel a realiza??o de um tratamento desses efluentes antes de serem descartados no meio ambiente, reduzindo a concentra??o do contaminante ? valores determinados pela legisla??o. Procura-se, portanto, o tratamento desses efluentes utilizando novos materiais catal?ticos que viabilizem o processo como um todo. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo o tratamento, caracteriza??o e avalia??o de novos catalisadores na rea??o de degrada??o fotocatal?tica do fenol. Os ensaios foram realizados em um reator fotocatal?tico, em condi??es constantes de temperatura (50 ?C), pot?ncia da l?mpada (400 W), volume da fase l?quida (3,4 L), concentra??o do catalisador (1 g L-1), concentra??o inicial do fenol (500 ppm) e tempo de rea??o 3 horas. Preliminarmente ? rea??o foi realizado um estudo com a vaz?o de oxig?nio (410, 515, 650 e 750 mL min-1) a fim de identificar o valor ?timo (650 ml min-1) a ser utilizado no processo de degrada??o do fenol. Os demais par?metros foram variados: pH do meio reacional (3, 5,5 e 10) e a natureza do catalisador (paligorsquita acidificada calcinada, paligorsquita impregnada com 3,8% de ferro e carv?o originado da pir?lise do lodo de esgoto dom?stico). Os materiais catal?ticos foram caracterizados por DRX, FRX, BET e distribui??o granulom?trica. No processo de degrada??o fotocatal?tica do fenol, os resultados mostraram que o pH tem influ?ncia significativa na convers?o do fenol, apresentando melhores resultados para o pH igual a 5,5. Os valores da convers?o do fenol variaram entre 58% (para a paligorsquita acidificada calcinada) e 52% para o carv?o do lodo de esgoto. As amostras l?quidas analisadas por cromatografia l?quida identificaram e quantificaram os seguintes produtos da degrada??o: hidroquinona, catecol e o ?cido mal?ico. Por fim, foi proposto um mecanismo do processo reacional, considerando que o fenol ? transformado em fase homog?nea e os demais reagem na superf?cie do catalisador. Para este ?ltimo, foi aplicado o modelo Langmuir-Hinshelwood, cujos balan?os de massas conduziram a um sistema de equa??es diferenciais que foram resolvidas utilizando o m?todo num?rico associado a uma minimiza??o da fun??o objetivo para obten??o e otimiza??o dos par?metros cin?ticos e de adsor??o. O modelo se ajustou satisfatoriamente aos resultados experimentais. A partir do mecanismo proposto e com as condi??es operat?rias utilizadas no presente trabalho, a etapa mais favorecida, independente do catalisador, foi a do grupo ?cidos (originada dos compostos quin?nicos), sendo transformado em CO2 e ?gua, cuja constante de velocidade k4 apresentou valor 0,578 mol L-1 min-1 para a paligorsquita acidificada calcinada, 0,472 mol L-1 min-1 para o Fe2O3/paligorsquita e 1,276 mol L-1 min-1 para o carv?o do lodo, sendo este ?ltimo o melhor catalisador para mineraliza??o dos ?cidos em CO2 e ?gua. Os quin?nicos foram mais fortemente adsorvidos nos s?tios dos catalisadores paligorsquita acidificada calcinada e Fe2O3/paligorsquita, cujas constantes de adsor??o foram semelhantes (~4,45 L mol-1) e superior ao carv?o do lodo (3,77 L mol-1). / The uncontrolled disposal of wastewaters containing phenolic compounds by the industry has caused irreversible damage to the environment. Because of this, it is now mandatory to develop new methods to treat these effluents before they are disposed of. One of the most promising and low cost approaches is the degradation of phenolic compounds via photocatalysis. This work, in particular, has as the main goal, the customization of a bench scale photoreactor and the preparation of catalysts via utilization of char originated from the fast pyrolysis of sewage sludge. The experiments were carried out at constant temperature (50?C) under oxygen (410, 515, 650 and 750 ml min-1). The reaction took place in the liquid phase (3.4 liters), where the catalyst concentration was 1g L-1 and the initial concentration of phenol was 500 mg L-1 and the reaction time was set to 3 hours. A 400 W lamp was adapted to the reactor. The flow of oxygen was optimized to 650 ml min-1. The pH of the liquid and the nature of the catalyst (acidified and calcined palygorskite, palygorskite impregnated with 3.8% Fe and the pyrolysis char) were investigated. The catalytic materials were characterized by XRD, XRF, and BET. In the process of photocatalytic degradation of phenol, the results showed that the pH has a significant influence on the phenol conversion, with best results for pH equal to 5.5. The phenol conversion ranged from 51.78% for the char sewage sludge to 58.02% (for palygorskite acidified calcined). Liquid samples analyzed by liquid chromatography and the following compounds were identified: hydroquinone, catechol and maleic acid. A mechanism of the reaction was proposed, whereas the phenol is transformed into the homogeneous phase and the others react on the catalyst surface. For the latter, the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was applied, whose mass balances led to a system of differential equations and these were solved using numerical methods in order to get estimates for the kinetic and adsorption parameters. The model was adjusted satisfactorily to the experimental results. From the proposed mechanism and the operating conditions used in this study, the most favored step, regardless of the catalyst, was the acid group (originated from quinone compounds), being transformed into CO2 and water, whose rate constant k4 presented value of 0.578 mol L-1 min-1 for acidified calcined palygorskite, 0.472 mol L-1 min-1 for Fe2O3/palygorskite and 1.276 mol L-1 min-1 for the sludge to char, the latter being the best catalyst for mineralization of acid to CO2 and water. The quinones were adsorbed to the acidic sites of the calcined palygorskite and Fe2O3/palygorskite whose adsorption constants were similar (~ 4.45 L mol-1) and higher than that of the sewage sludge char (3.77 L mol-1).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LigianneDCS_DISSET.pdf: 2777562 bytes, checksum: 699ad396b1a2d174d06a78ebb268c3b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-27 / Stabilization pond is the most used sewage treatment system in the country, corresponding to approximately 90% of all systems. The systems evaluated were stabilization ponds system of sewage treatment in the city of Natal / RN. This research aimed to analyze the possible uses through physical-chemical and bacteriological of these final effluent ponds for urban uses depending on the characteristics after passage around the treatment system. The parameters used were chosen according to those established by Chernicharo et al. (2006), in order to characterize the effluent. The parameters evaluated were: DO, temperature, pH, conductivity, organic nitrogen, ammonia, NTK, total phosphorus, and series of solid fecal coliforms. Generally, the characteristics of the effluent followed variability found in the literature. The results showed an efficiency that is technically feasible to use the effluent end of some of STPs analyzed when checked parameters alone, if fitting in unrestricted urban use, restricted use and urban land use / Lagoa de estabiliza??o ? o sistema de tratamento de esgoto mais utilizado no pa?s, correspondendo a cerca de 90% de todos os sistemas. Os sistemas avaliados s?o do tipo lagoas de estabiliza??o integrantes do sistema de tratamento de esgoto da cidade de Natal/RN. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar os poss?veis usos atrav?s de caracter?sticas f?sico-qu?micas e bacteriol?gicas dos efluentes finais dessas lagoas para usos urbanos ? depender de suas caracter?sticas ap?s passagem por todo o sistema de tratamento. Os par?metros adotados foram escolhidos de acordo com os estabelecidos por Chernicharo et al. (2006), de modo a caracterizar o efluente. Os par?metros avaliados foram: OD, temperatura, pH, condutividade, nitrog?nio org?nico, am?nia, NTK, f?sforo total, s?rie de s?lidos e coliformes fecais. De forma geral, as caracter?sticas do efluente acompanharam a variabilidade encontrada na literatura. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que h? viabilidade t?cnica para utiliza??o dos efluentes finais de algumas das ETE analisadas, quando verificados par?metros isoladamente, se enquadrando no uso urbano irrestrito, uso urbano restrito e uso predial