Texte remanié de: Thèse de doctorat--Science politique--Paris 2, 2007. / En appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 265-272.

In this study, mitochondrial transcript information from a recent EST project wasextended to obtain complete mitochondrial genome sequence for 5 tiger salamandercomplex species (Ambystoma mexicanum, A. t. tigrinum, A. andersoni, A. californiense,and A. dumerilii). For the first time, aspects of mitochondrial transcription in arepresentative amphibian are described, and then complete mitochondrial sequencedata are used to examine salamander phylogeny at both deep and shallow levels ofevolutionary divergence. The available mitochondrial ESTs for A. mexicanum (N=2481)and A. t. tigrinum (N=1205) provided 92% and 87% coverage of the mitochondrialgenome, respectively. Complete mitochondrial sequences for all species were rapidlyobtained by using long distance PCR and DNA sequencing. A number of genomestructural characteristics (base pair length, base composition, gene number, geneboundaries, codon usage) were highly similar among all species and to other distantlyrelated salamanders. Overall, mitochondrial transcription in Ambystoma approximatedthe pattern observed in other vertebrates. From the mapping of ESTs onto mtDNA it wasinferred that transcription occurs from both heavy and light strand promoters andcontinues around the entire length of the mtDNA, followed by post-transcriptionalprocessing. However, the observation of many short transcripts corresponding to rRNAgenes indicates that transcription may often terminate prematurely to bias transcriptionof rRNA genes; indeed an rRNA transcription termination signal sequence was observedimmediately following the 16S rRNA gene. Phylogenetic analyses of salamander familyrelationships consistently grouped Ambystomatidae in a clade containingCryptobranchidae and Hynobiidae, to the exclusion of Salamandridae. This robust resultsuggests a novel alternative hypothesis because previous studies have consistentlyidentified Ambystomatidae and Salamandridae as closely related taxa. Phylogeneticanalyses of tiger salamander complex species also produced robustly supported trees.The D-loop, used in previous molecular phylogenetic studies of the complex, was foundto contain a relatively low level of variation and we identified mitochondrial regions withhigher rates of molecular evolution that are more useful in resolving relationships amongspecies. Our results show the benefit of using complete mitochondrial genomeinformation in studies of recently and rapidly diverged taxa.

Mémoire--Genève--Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales, 1991. / Notes bibliogr. en bas de page. Bibliogr. p. 114-118.

Th. 3e cycle--Géogr.--Tours, 1987.

Th.--Géogr. phys.--Aix-Marseille 2, 1987.

Texte remanié de: Habilitationsschrift--Philosophische Fakultät der Altertumskunde u. Kulturwissenschaften--München--Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 1986. / Notes bibliogr. Bibliogr. p. 190-217. Index.

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2004-2005 / Les relations de la République Démocratique Allemande avec la Pologne populaire comptent parmi les rapports les plus problématiques entre les États du bloc soviétique. Ces difficultés entre deux États dont l'idéologie commune devrait pourtant faire des «alliés fraternels» sont largement imputables à la politique des communistes est-allemands (KPD/SED) à l'égard de leurs voisins polonais. Dès sa période de formation entre 1945 et 1950, cette politique est victime des tiraillements entre les impératifs souvent incompatibles de l'internationalisme et des intérêts spécifiquement est-allemands. La radicalisation du contexte international et une situation économique désastreuse, bien plus que l'idéologie, amènent finalement Berlin-Est à normaliser ses relations avec Varsovie par la signature d'un accord en 1950. Normalisation fragile car les communistes est-allemands basent leur politique vis-à-vis de la Pologne principalement sur des intérêts spécifiques qui se prêtent mal à l'établissement entre les deux États des relations «amicales» et «solidaires» si chères à la propagande officielle. / Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2014

BACKGROUND:Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) accumulate important pharmacologically active metabolites at high levels in their rhizomes. Despite their importance, relatively little is known regarding gene expression in the rhizomes of ginger and turmeric.RESULTS:In order to identify rhizome-enriched genes and genes encoding specialized metabolism enzymes and pathway regulators, we evaluated an assembled collection of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from eight different ginger and turmeric tissues. Comparisons to publicly available sorghum rhizome ESTs revealed a total of 777 gene transcripts expressed in ginger/turmeric and sorghum rhizomes but apparently absent from other tissues. The list of rhizome-specific transcripts was enriched for genes associated with regulation of tissue growth, development, and transcription. In particular, transcripts for ethylene response factors and AUX/IAA proteins appeared to accumulate in patterns mirroring results from previous studies regarding rhizome growth responses to exogenous applications of auxin and ethylene. Thus, these genes may play important roles in defining rhizome growth and development. Additional associations were made for ginger and turmeric rhizome-enriched MADS box transcription factors, their putative rhizome-enriched homologs in sorghum, and rhizomatous QTLs in rice. Additionally, analysis of both primary and specialized metabolism genes indicates that ginger and turmeric rhizomes are primarily devoted to the utilization of leaf supplied sucrose for the production and/or storage of specialized metabolites associated with the phenylpropanoid pathway and putative type III polyketide synthase gene products. This finding reinforces earlier hypotheses predicting roles of this enzyme class in the production of curcuminoids and gingerols.CONCLUSION:A significant set of genes were found to be exclusively or preferentially expressed in the rhizome of ginger and turmeric. Specific transcription factors and other regulatory genes were found that were common to the two species and that are excellent candidates for involvement in rhizome growth, differentiation and development. Large classes of enzymes involved in specialized metabolism were also found to have apparent tissue-specific expression, suggesting that gene expression itself may play an important role in regulating metabolite production in these plants.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Texte remanié de: Doctoral thesis--University of Leicester. / Bibliogr. p. 307-315.