Texte remanié de: Thesis Ph. D.--New Delhi--Jawaharlal Nehru University. Titre de soutenance : Social protest and popular movement in medieval Orissa (c. AD 1450-1600). / Bibliogr. p. 213-223.

This work focuses on the use of a genetic algorithm for optimization in a search-based problem. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) is a subset of evolutionary algorithms that models biological processes to optimize highly complex functions. A GA allows a population composed of many individuals to evolve under specified selection rules to a state that maximizes the “fitness” (i.e. minimize the objective function). A major advantage of using GA over most stochastic techniques is its parallelism, which speeds up the simulation results leading to faster convergence. With mutation, the GA is also less likely to get stuck in local minima compared to other stochastic techniques. However, some notable drawbacks of the Standard GA (SGA) include slow convergence and a possibility of being stuck in local optimum solution. The SGA uses a random process to generate parameter values for the initial population generation, crossover and mutation processes. Random number generators are designed to result in either uniform distributions or Gaussian distributions. We conjecture that the evolutionary processes in genetics are driven by a random non-linear deterministic dynamic process rather than a random non-deterministic process. Therefore, in the GA evolutionary process, a chaotic map is incorporated into the initial population generation, the crossover and mutation processes of the SGA; this is termed the Chaotic GA (CGA). The properties of a chaotic system that provides additional benefits over randomly generated solutions are sensitivity to initial conditions, topological density and topological transitivity (robust diversity). These properties ensure that the CGA is able to explore the entire solution space. Introducing chaos into the whole process of a standard genetic algorithm may help improve convergence time and accuracy. Simulation was done using Matlab and Java.

Mémoire (M.E.S.R.)-- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1992. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Diss.--Philosophische Fakultät--Aachen--Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, 1986. / Bibliogr. p. 351-386. Index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1934. / Thesis note on label mounted on t.p.; also on p. [7]. Descriptive letterpress on versos facing the plates. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: p. 78-83.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1934. / Thesis note on label mounted on t.p.; also on p. [7]. Descriptive letterpress on versos facing the plates. Bibliography: p. 78-83.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-20T21:03:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroDaniloGaldinoVitorPereira_DISSERT.pdf: 1001427 bytes, checksum: 369e9208b5b3b076acb2435df546cb28 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-23T18:24:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroDaniloGaldinoVitorPereira_DISSERT.pdf: 1001427 bytes, checksum: 369e9208b5b3b076acb2435df546cb28 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T18:24:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroDaniloGaldinoVitorPereira_DISSERT.pdf: 1001427 bytes, checksum: 369e9208b5b3b076acb2435df546cb28 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-05 / O presente trabalho discutir? a rela??o entre est?tica e pol?tica na obra do fil?sofo franc?s Jacques Ranci?re, a partir, principalmente, do conceito de partilha do sens?vel. Para Ranci?re h? um campo comum que une essas duas esferas do saber humano, a est?tica primeira que se refere a um a priori da sensibilidade. Neste sentido, tanto a arte quanto a pol?tica podem intervir neste tecido da sensibilidade, reconfigurando a partilha do sens?vel de maneira dissensual. H?, segundo o autor, uma dicotomia no campo da partilha do sens?vel, duas l?gicas que organizam ou redistribuem as ativi-dades, os tempos e espa?os. De um lado, uma l?gica do consenso e da boa ordena-??o das posi??es e, de outro lado, uma l?gica que funciona nas fronteiras da domina-??o, criando um sens?vel conflituoso. A partir deste campo comum da partilha do sen-s?vel, Ranci?re colocar? em discuss?o como as artes afetam o tecido das partilhas e como ganha um car?ter pol?tico por esta raz?o. O objetivo desta disserta??o ? apre-sentar e discutir como ? poss?vel a emancipa??o se efetivar a partir da pr?tica de indiv?duos como prolet?rios ou artistas, pensando as rela??es entre est?tica e pol?tica. / This work will discuss the relationship between aesthetics and politics in the work of the French philosopher Jacques Ranci?re, based mainly on the concept of distribution of the sensible. For Ranci?re there is a common field that joins these two spheres of human knowledge, the primary aesthetics referred to an a priori of sensitivity. In this sense, both art and politics can intervene in this sensory fabric, reconfiguring the dis-tribution of the sensible dissensual way. There is, according to the author, a dichotomy in the field of distribution of the sensible, two logics that organize or redistribute the activities, times and spaces. On the one hand, a logic of consensus and good order of locations and on an other hand, a logic that works on the frontiers of domination, cre-ating a disruptive sensible. From this common ground of distribution of the sensible, Ranci?re put in discussion how the arts affect the fabric of the distribution and how to get a political character for this reason. The aim of this work is to present and discuss how it is possible to effective the emancipation from the practice of subjects as workers or artists, thinking the relationship between aesthetics and politics.

Neste trabalho realizamos um programa de seqüenciamento em larga escala de cDNAs obtidos de bibliotecas construídas a partir de mRNA de células de B. emersonii submetidas ao choque térmico e ao estresse por cádmio. Obtivemos 6350 seqüências expressas (ESTs) de alta qualidade, que representam 2326 seqüências únicas putativas (unigenes) do fungo. Destes unigenes putativos, 1282 genes foram classificados em pelo menos uma das categorias do Consórcio Gene Ontology (GO). A análise do transcriptoma parcial de B. emersonii determinado até o momento permitiu a identificação de 78 unigenes codificando chaperones moleculares de todas as famílias conhecidas. Para avaliarmos a expressão global dos genes em resposta a estresses ambientais, como o choque térmico e o cádmio, realizamos ensaios de microarranjos de DNA nestas condições de estresse. Observamos que em resposta ao choque térmico, B. emersonii induz a expressão de genes que codificam proteínas relacionadas com o enovelamento de proteínas e com a proteólise, o que seria esperado em condições de temperaturas elevadas, assim como genes que codificam proteínas com propriedades antioxidantes, além de proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo de nucleotídeos e no metabolismo de carboidratos. Em resposta ao estresse por cádmio, verificou-se a indução de genes que codificam principalmente proteínas com propriedades antioxidantes, proteínas envolvidas no metabolismo de aminoácidos, proteínas relacionadas com o transporte celular e proteínas envolvidas no enovelamento de proteínas e proteólise. Uma das conseqüências do estresse por cádmio é o aumento do estresse oxidativo e proteínas antioxidantes têm um papel fundamental na resposta a este tipo de estresse. Dentre os genes observados durante o seqüenciamento das ESTs de B. emersonii, observamos dez genes codificando proteínas distintas da família Hsp70. Nove genes hsp70 são expressos em pelo menos um dos estágios do desenvolvimento do fungo e sete apresentam uma indução significativa após o choque térmico. Estes dados sugerem que estes genes desempenham um papel importante durante o desenvolvimento e em resposta ao estresse térmico em B. emersonii. Outro dado interessante obtido neste trabalho foi o enriquecimento de ESTs que continham íntrons em sua seqüência nas bibliotecas de estresse. Portanto, o choque térmico e o estresse por cádmio em B. emersonii diminuem a eficiência de processamento dos íntrons permitindo sua caracterização. O cDNA da proteína Hsp17 foi o que apresentou o maior número de ESTs seqüenciadas nas bibliotecas de estresse. Experimentos de Northern blot indicaram que o gene hsp17 possui um nível de expressão muito baixo durante o ciclo de vida de B. emersonii, no entanto, como esperado sua expressão aumenta drasticamente quando as células de esporulação ou germinação são submetidas a choque térmico. Os níveis da proteína Hsp17 acompanham os níveis do seu mRNA, indicando que o controle da expressão do gene hsp17 deve ocorrer em nível de transcrição. / In this work we realized a large scale, sequencing program of cDNAs libraries obtained from mRNA of B. emersonii cells submitted to heat shock and cadmium stress. A total of 6350 high quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were obtained, representing 2326 unique putative genes (unigenes) of this fungus. From these putative unigenes, 1282 genes were classified at least in one of the three Gene Ontology Consortium (GO) categories. The analysis of the partial transcriptome of B. emersonii, determined until now, allowed the identification of 78 unigenes encoding molecular chaperones of all known protein families. To evaluate the global expression of the genes in response to environmental stresses, such as heat shock and cadmium, DNA microarray assays were performed. We observed that in response to heat shock B. emersonii induces the expreession of genes encoding proteins related to protein folding and proteolysis, as expected under high temperature conditions, as well as genes encoding proteins with antioxidant properties and proteins involved in nucleotide and carbohydrate metabolism. In response to cadmium stress, we mainly verified the induction of genes for proteins with antioxidant properties, proteins involved in amino acid metabolism, proteins related to cellular transport and proteins related to protein folding and proteolysis. One of the consequences of the exposure to cadmium is the increase of oxidative stress, and antioxidant proteins have a fundamental role in the response to this kind of injury. Amongst the genes observed during the B. emersonii EST sequencing program, ten genes encoding distinct proteins from the Hsp70 family were observed. Nine of them are expressed at least in one stage of the fungus development and seven genes presented a significant induction during heat shock treatment. These data suggest that the hsp70 genes perform an important role during development and in response to heat stress in B. emersonii. Another interesting result from this work was the enrichment of ESTs containing introns in the stress libraries. Thus, heat shock and cadmium stress decrease the efficiency of intron processing in B. emersonii, allowing for intron characterization. The cDNA for the Hsp17 protein presented the highest number of ESTs sequenced from the stress libraries. Northern blot experiments indicated that the hsp17 gene is expressed at very low levels throughout the life cycle of B. emersonii, however, as expected its expression increases drastically when sporulation or germination cells are submitted to heat shock. Hsp17 protein levels accompany its mRNA levels, indicating that the control of expression of the hsp17 gene occurs at a transcriptional level.

De nombreuses populations migratrices sont actuellement en déclin. Les changements climatiques entrainent des modifications dans les habitats des espèces migratrices et la phénologie des processus naturels, lesquels se répercutent sur la migration, une période critique pour ces espèces. Comprendre comment les variables environnementales et climatiques affectent la phénologie et les patrons de migration est donc crucial. Ma thèse s'intéresse à l'impact du climat, des ressources alimentaires et de la compétition sur les migrations printanières et automnales des caribous migrateurs, Rangifer tarandus, des troupeaux Rivière-George (TRG) et Rivière-aux-Feuilles (TRF) du Nord-du-Québec et du Labrador. Le premier volet de ma thèse propose une approche objective, basée sur la détection des changements dans la structure des déplacements saisonniers, pour identifier les dates de départ et arrivée en migration. Validée à l'aide de trajets simulés, elle a été appliquée aux migrations printanières et automnales de femelles caribous. Le second volet porte sur l'impact des conditions environnementales sur la phénologie des migrations de printemps et d'automne. Il montre que la phénologie de la migration est principalement affectée par les conditions climatiques rencontrées lors de la migration, les conditions d'enneigement affectant notamment les coûts des déplacements. Au printemps, les caribous subissent des conditions défavorables lorsque la fonte des neiges est précoce. À l'automne, ils semblent ajuster leurs déplacements et migrent plus vite quand la neige débute tôt pour limiter les coûts de déplacement dans une neige profonde. Le troisième volet porte sur les patrons de migration à l'automne et montre que ceux-ci sont affectés essentiellement par une compétition intra- et inter-troupeaux pour les aires d'hivernages. Les caribous du TRG répondent à une augmentation de la compétition sur les aires les plus proches de l'aire de mise bas, liée à une taille de population élevée, en migrant préférentiellement vers les aires les plus éloignées. L'utilisation des aires hivernales par les caribous du TRF est, quant à elle, contrainte par la présence et l’abondance du TRG, cette contrainte diminuant à mesure que le TRG décline et abandonne les migrations vers les aires d'hivernages communes aux deux troupeaux. Cette thèse améliore notre compréhension de l'influence des facteurs environnementaux sur la phénologie et les patrons de migration du caribou migrateur. Ces connaissances sont très utiles pour comprendre l'impact des changements climatiques et établir les plans de conservation pour les espèces migratrices. / Several populations of migratory species are actually declining. Climate changes affect the habitat of migratory species and the phenology of natural processes, and impact the migration, a critical period for migratory species. Thus, it is crucial to understand how environmental and climatic variables affect the timing and the patterns of migration. This thesis assesses the impact of climate, food resources and competition on the spring and fall migrations of migratory caribou, Rangifer tarandus, from the Rivière-George (RGH) and Rivière-aux-Feuilles (RFH) herds, in Northern Québec and Labrador. The first part of my thesis presents an objective approach, based on the detection of changes in the structure of seasonal movements, to assess the departure and the arrival dates of the migrations. The approach was validated on simulated paths, and was then applied on the spring and fall migrations of female caribou. The second part focuses on the impact of environmental conditions on the phenology of the spring and fall migrations. It revealed that migration is mainly affected by the climatic conditions encountered during migration, snow conditions partly determining the cost of movements. In the spring, caribou suffer from adverse conditions when the snowmelt is early. In the fall, caribou adjust their movements and migrate faster when snowfall occurs early to limit the cost of moving through deep snow. The third part of my thesis focuses on fall migration patterns and revealed that migration patterns are mainly affected by intra- and inter-herds competition for the winter ranges. Caribou from RGH migrate preferentially toward the furthest winter ranges in response to increased competition, linked with a high population size, limiting the competition on the closest winter ranges. The use of the winter ranges by caribou from RFH is constrained by the abundance of RGH. This constraint decreased as RGH declined and abandoned the migrations toward the winter ranges commonly used by both herds. My thesis increases our knowledge of the environmental factors that affect the phenology and patterns of caribou migrations. This knowledge is useful to understand the impact of climate changes and establish conservation plans for migratory species.

Le développement temporel de la plupart des peuplements forestiers est caractérisé par une période de croissance rapide jusqu’à la fermeture de la canopée, laquelle est généralement suivie d’une baisse de croissance dont les mécanismes sous-jacents restent encore mal expliqués. L’objectif général de cette thèse était ainsi d’explorer certains mécanismes qui pouvaient partiellement expliquer ce déclin en croissance des forêts lié à l’âge dans la zone boréale du nord-est du Canada. Le premier chapitre visait à tester l’hypothèse que la proportion des ressources allouées aux racines augmente avec le temps en réaction à une diminution de la disponibilité des nutriments du sol causée par une accumulation de matière organique, diminuant ainsi la croissance aérienne des arbres. Les résultats basés sur des mesures de respiration du sol et de croissance annuelle des arbres supportaient partiellement l’hypothèse, suggérant que d’autres mécanismes étaient impliqués dans le déclin en croissance des vieilles forêts. Le second chapitre a permis d’améliorer la compréhension de la dynamique temporelle de croissance des arbres selon leur classe sociale et de son effet sur la croissance globale du peuplement. Des composantes fonctionnelles du taux de croissance relatif des arbres et la dominance de croissance des peuplements (une mesure de la contribution relative des arbres selon leur taille à la croissance globale du peuplement) ont été quantifiées le long des stades de développement des peuplements. Les résultats ont montré que d’une manière générale, le déclin de la dominance de croissance observé avec le temps était principalement causé par une diminution de l’acquisition et d’utilisation des ressources des arbres dominants plutôt que par une augmentation des conditions de croissance des arbres non-dominants. Le dernier chapitre a permis d’affiner ce résultat en testant l’hypothèse de limitation hydraulique qui stipule qu’une augmentation des contraintes hydrauliques liée à la taille des arbres explique leur diminution en croissance. Des mesures de flux de sève dans les troncs et de composition en isotopes de carbone et d’oxygène dans les aiguilles de l’année courante ont mis en évidence une augmentation des contraintes hydrauliques chez les arbres dominants au cours du temps, expliquant ainsi en partie leur baisse de croissance et celle des peuplements liés à l’âge. Ces trois chapitres ont ainsi permis d’identifier certains mécanismes impliqués dans les changements temporels de croissance de la forêt boréale du nord-est du Canada, information capitale pour une gestion durable des forêts. / The development over time of most forests is characterised by an early fast growing period until canopy closure, which is generally followed by a decreasing growth rate whose underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The general objective of this thesis was thus to explore some mechanisms that could partially explain the observed age-related productivity decline of northeastern boreal Canadian forest stands. The first chapter aimed to test the hypothesis that the proportion of resources that are allocated to roots increases with stand age as a response to a decrease in nutrient availability related to the long-term accumulation of organic matter, thus decreasing stem growth. Results based on soil respiration and annual tree growth measurements partly supported the hypothesis, suggesting that other mechanisms were involved in the growth decline of old-growth forest stands. The second chapter improved our understanding of the temporal tree growth dynamics based on their social class and its effect on total stand growth. Some functional components of the relative growth rate of trees and stand growth dominance (a measure of the relative contribution of different sized trees to total stand growth) were quantified along development stages. Results showed that overall, the observed decrease in stand growth dominance with increasing age was explained mainly by declining resource acquisition and utilization in dominant trees rather than through improved growth conditions of non-dominant trees. The last chapter refined these results by testing the hydraulic limitation hypothesis, which states that an increase of hydraulic constrains in tall trees is related to their decreasing growth with time. Tree-level sap flow and foliar C and O isotope abundance measurements highlighted an increasing hydraulic constrains in dominant trees over time, thus partly explaining their declining growth and the aged-related stand growth decline. These three chapters allowed us to identify some of the mechanisms involved in the temporal growth changes of the northeastern boreal forest, a crucial information for a sustainable forest management.