Private sector, government and the academia have been recognizing the value of a \'designerly\' approach to business problems, in the context that the traditional technical-rationality has been insufficient to address issues in the contemporary volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment. Design Thinking has been growing since Tim Brown, CEO of a prestigious global design agency, started advocating and disseminating this approach in the business environment ten years ago. As more organizations are implementing Design Thinking (DT), this research aims to analyze the relation between individuals\' Readiness for adopting DT in organizations and their thinking styles, namely Rationality and Experientiality. From the literature review, some authors characterize Design Thinking by its focus on human needs, open objectives so creativity can arise, iteratively, reliance on qualitative methods, intuition and experience, - to name some of the characteristics. Accordingly, the initial hypothesis of this research stated that individuals with high Experientiality score would be the ones with higher Readiness to adopt Design Thinking. A quantitative survey was designed based on existing instruments in the academic literature. For assessing the thinking styles, the Rationality-Experientiality Inventory (REI) developed by Pacini & Epstein (1999) was integrally applied; for measuring the individual\'s Readiness for adoption of Design Thinking, the Readiness for Organizational Change Measure (ROCM) developed by Holt, Armenakis, Feild, & Harris (2007b) was partially applied; and to collect the respondents\' understanding on Design Thinking, questions were designed based on the paper published by Glen, Suciu & Baughn (2014). The sample size had 251 valid respondents from the state of Sao Paulo (Brazil), with declared knowledge or experience with Design Thinking. One-way ANOVA was conducted to determine significant differences within the terciles of Rationality, Experientiality and Readiness-for-change and between the thinking styles terciles and the score of Readiness for adopting Design Thinking; Regression Analysis was conducted to determine, among all variables in the research, which are the ones explaining Readiness for adopting Design Thinking. The results pointed out that the group of individuals with high score of Rationality (third tercile) presented higher Readiness for adopting Design Thinking, as well as the third and first terciles of Experientiality. Furthermore, when Rationality and Experientiality scores were analyzed together, both thinking styles did have influence on the individuals\' Readiness for adopting Design Thinking. The understanding of the level of individual\'s thinking styles provides some light on the challenges ahead regarding the acceptance of Design Thinking. Smoother and more efficient change management programs can be designed for educational programs relying on Design Thinking or for departments in organizations implementing Design Thinking. These findings may implicate in further researches in the cognitive field of Design Thinking, as the success of DT adoption in organizations can be influenced by the thinking style profile which is dominant in the selected department or functional area to be implemented. / Private sector, government and the academia have been recognizing the value of a \'designerly\' approach to business problems, in the context that the traditional technical-rationality has been insufficient to address issues in the contemporary volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment. Design Thinking has been growing since Tim Brown, CEO of a prestigious global design agency, started advocating and disseminating this approach in the business environment ten years ago. As more organizations are implementing Design Thinking (DT), this research aims to analyze the relation between individuals\' Readiness for adopting DT in organizations and their thinking styles, namely Rationality and Experientiality. From the literature review, some authors characterize Design Thinking by its focus on human needs, open objectives so creativity can arise, iteratively, reliance on qualitative methods, intuition and experience, - to name some of the characteristics. Accordingly, the initial hypothesis of this research stated that individuals with high Experientiality score would be the ones with higher Readiness to adopt Design Thinking. A quantitative survey was designed based on existing instruments in the academic literature. For assessing the thinking styles, the Rationality-Experientiality Inventory (REI) developed by Pacini & Epstein (1999) was integrally applied; for measuring the individual\'s Readiness for adoption of Design Thinking, the Readiness for Organizational Change Measure (ROCM) developed by Holt, Armenakis, Feild, & Harris (2007b) was partially applied; and to collect the respondents\' understanding on Design Thinking, questions were designed based on the paper published by Glen, Suciu & Baughn (2014). The sample size had 251 valid respondents from the state of Sao Paulo (Brazil), with declared knowledge or experience with Design Thinking. One-way ANOVA was conducted to determine significant differences within the terciles of Rationality, Experientiality and Readiness-for-change and between the thinking styles terciles and the score of Readiness for adopting Design Thinking; Regression Analysis was conducted to determine, among all variables in the research, which are the ones explaining Readiness for adopting Design Thinking. The results pointed out that the group of individuals with high score of Rationality (third tercile) presented higher Readiness for adopting Design Thinking, as well as the third and first terciles of Experientiality. Furthermore, when Rationality and Experientiality scores were analyzed together, both thinking styles did have influence on the individuals\' Readiness for adopting Design Thinking. The understanding of the level of individual\'s thinking styles provides some light on the challenges ahead regarding the acceptance of Design Thinking. Smoother and more efficient change management programs can be designed for educational programs relying on Design Thinking or for departments in organizations implementing Design Thinking. These findings may implicate in further researches in the cognitive field of Design Thinking, as the success of DT adoption in organizations can be influenced by the thinking style profile which is dominant in the selected department or functional area to be implemented.

O objetivo principal da pesquisa é descrever os Estilos de Pensamento que operam em duas das principais clínicas envolvidas na assistência clínica ao paciente oncológico em uma Rede Estadual de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro: a oncologia e os cuidados paliativos. Para atingir esses objetivo, a proposta é desenvolver uma pesquisa qualitativa a fim de depreender como se configura o objeto de intervenção clínica nos discursos e nas práticas desses Coletivos de Pensamento. A metodologia escolhida foi a entrevista semi-estruturada. Parte-se, inicialmente, da origem e dos elementos que caracterizam a racionalidade biomédica e o modelo de cuidado integral em saúde, analisando as implicações desses modelos no entendimento dos doenças oncológicas e no seu tratamento. Em seguida, desenvolve-se os conceitos de "Estilo de Pensamento" e "Coletivo de Pensamento" de Ludwik Fleck e o do conceito de "enactment" de Annemarie Mol. Utilizo esses conceitos para refletir sobre a construção do conhecimento e da prática médica, em especial nos seus aspectos sociais, ligados à formação e à especialização. Logo após, faz-se uma descrição histórica dos grupos profissionais estudados: a oncologia e os cuidados paliativos. Pro fim, segue-se a descrição da pesquisa de campo e dos resultados coletados nas entrevistas realizadas. O estudo evidenciou que os Estilos de Pensamento dos Paliativistas e oncologistas são muito distintos, quase incomensuráveis, porém também foi possível identificar preocupações e valores comuns e possíveis campos de interseção entre esses dois grupos. / The main objective of the research is to describe the thinking styles which operate at two major clinics involved in clinical care to cancer patients in State Network High complexity in oncology Brazilian System Health: oncology and palliative care. To achieve this goal, the proposal is to develop a qualitative research in order to deduce the configuration of the object of clinical intervention in the discourses and practices of these collective thinking. The methodology chosen was the semi-structured interviews. Breaks, initilly, the origin and the elements that characterize the biomedical rationality and the comprehensive health care model, analyzing the implicationsof these models in the understanding of oncological diseases and their treatment. Thereafter, develops the concept of "Style of Thinking" and "collective thinking" Ludwiki Fleck and the concept of "enactment" Annemarie Mol I use these concepts to reflect on the construction of medical knowledge and practice, in particular its social aspects, linked to training and specialization. Soon after, it is a historical description of the professional groups studied: oncology and palliative care. Finally, here is the description of the field research and the results collected in the interviews. The study showed that the Thinking Styles of oncologists and palliative care are very distinct, almost immeasurable, but it was also possible to identify common concerns and values and possible fields of intersection between these two groups.

O objetivo principal da pesquisa é descrever os Estilos de Pensamento que operam em duas das principais clínicas envolvidas na assistência clínica ao paciente oncológico em uma Rede Estadual de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia do Sistema Único de Saúde brasileiro: a oncologia e os cuidados paliativos. Para atingir esses objetivo, a proposta é desenvolver uma pesquisa qualitativa a fim de depreender como se configura o objeto de intervenção clínica nos discursos e nas práticas desses Coletivos de Pensamento. A metodologia escolhida foi a entrevista semi-estruturada. Parte-se, inicialmente, da origem e dos elementos que caracterizam a racionalidade biomédica e o modelo de cuidado integral em saúde, analisando as implicações desses modelos no entendimento dos doenças oncológicas e no seu tratamento. Em seguida, desenvolve-se os conceitos de "Estilo de Pensamento" e "Coletivo de Pensamento" de Ludwik Fleck e o do conceito de "enactment" de Annemarie Mol. Utilizo esses conceitos para refletir sobre a construção do conhecimento e da prática médica, em especial nos seus aspectos sociais, ligados à formação e à especialização. Logo após, faz-se uma descrição histórica dos grupos profissionais estudados: a oncologia e os cuidados paliativos. Pro fim, segue-se a descrição da pesquisa de campo e dos resultados coletados nas entrevistas realizadas. O estudo evidenciou que os Estilos de Pensamento dos Paliativistas e oncologistas são muito distintos, quase incomensuráveis, porém também foi possível identificar preocupações e valores comuns e possíveis campos de interseção entre esses dois grupos. / The main objective of the research is to describe the thinking styles which operate at two major clinics involved in clinical care to cancer patients in State Network High complexity in oncology Brazilian System Health: oncology and palliative care. To achieve this goal, the proposal is to develop a qualitative research in order to deduce the configuration of the object of clinical intervention in the discourses and practices of these collective thinking. The methodology chosen was the semi-structured interviews. Breaks, initilly, the origin and the elements that characterize the biomedical rationality and the comprehensive health care model, analyzing the implicationsof these models in the understanding of oncological diseases and their treatment. Thereafter, develops the concept of "Style of Thinking" and "collective thinking" Ludwiki Fleck and the concept of "enactment" Annemarie Mol I use these concepts to reflect on the construction of medical knowledge and practice, in particular its social aspects, linked to training and specialization. Soon after, it is a historical description of the professional groups studied: oncology and palliative care. Finally, here is the description of the field research and the results collected in the interviews. The study showed that the Thinking Styles of oncologists and palliative care are very distinct, almost immeasurable, but it was also possible to identify common concerns and values and possible fields of intersection between these two groups.

Nesta dissertação, apresento a análise dos artigos publicados sobre Educação em Saúde, no período de 1997 a 2015, em anais de eventos nacionais de pesquisa em Ensino de Ciências: Anais do II (1999) a X (2015) Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências (ENPEC); Anais do I (2005) a V (2014) Encontro Nacional de Ensino de Biologia (ENEBIO); Anais do I (2008) a IV (2014) Encontro Nacional de Ensino de Ciências da Saúde e do Ambiente (ENEC). Esses três eventos foram escolhidos por serem nacionais, de pesquisa em Ensino das Ciências, e com publicações sobre Educação em Saúde. A teoria de Ludwik Fleck (2010) fundamentou a identificação e análise dos círculos esotéricos, exotéricos, ver formativo, circulação intra e intercoletiva de ideias, estilos e coletivos de pensamento. Com base nas leituras dos artigos, foram reconhecidas oito temáticas de pesquisa: Saúde nos livros-didáticos; Abordagem por temas; Cuidado de si; Educação em Saúde e Ambiental; Educação em Saúde; Estado da arte; Prevenção de doenças; Promoção da Saúde, constituindo os estilos de pensamento. Vinte e nove autores de artigos foram referenciados uns nos outros, constituindo coletivos de pensamento (1) concepções; 2) conceitos e modelos; 3) pressupostos e justificativas; 4) currículo; 5) formação docente. O ver formativo foi caracterizado nas justificativas pelo uso dos documentos oficiais PCN, Constituição Federal de 1988, OMS, OPAS, Carta de Otawa. / 116 f.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:57:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eloiza Gomes.pdf: 2554084 bytes, checksum: 09fecf148bf436579c6ed9f5ea773217 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-12 / The difficulties faced by students starting Engineering courses are usually linked to Mathematics disciplines. The need to prepare and motivate the student is part of a challenge to all involved in this process. The use of cooperative learning with its numerous techniques, contribute to the development of fundamental aspects of a future engineer as the understanding of the role of each individual in a work group, the development of the sense of responsibility and organization, the coexistence with different opinions, the constant learning from co-workers and the need to express themselves clearly. Studies show that understanding the thinking styles of the students can help teachers to offer a better quality instruction to maximize learning outcomes. Researches with elementary school students on styles of mathematical thinking, which are classified into visual, analytical and integrated thinking, show that understanding these styles can help the students to learn mathematics. Within this scenario, the main objective of this research is to identify and analyze ways in which cooperative learning strategy promotes the mobilization of different styles of mathematical thinking by engineering students. To this end we created an activity using the jigsaw method of cooperative learning, developed by Elliot Aronson, involving the study of lines in two and three-dimensional spaces and tested with students in the first year of Engineering School. The results show that this method could make changes in styles of mathematical thinking of some students. It was observed that only students who were initially classified belonging to the integrated or visual had changed their styles, moving to the analytical. It was noticed that the prevalence is the analytical mathematical thinking style, which in part may be a result of the influence exerted by the teacher on students, as this style is valued in the traditional model of education / As dificuldades enfrentadas pelos ingressantes nos cursos de Engenharia estão geralmente vinculadas às disciplinas da área de Matemática. A necessidade de preparar e motivar o aluno faz parte de um desafio colocado a todos os envolvidos neste processo. A utilização da aprendizagem cooperativa, com suas inúmeras técnicas, contribui para o desenvolvimento de aspectos fundamentais na formação do engenheiro, tais como: a compreensão do papel de cada indivíduo na realização de um trabalho em grupo, o desenvolvimento do senso de responsabilidade e organização, a convivência com opiniões distintas, o aprender constante com colegas de trabalho e a necessidade de se expressar claramente. Estudos mostram que compreender os estilos de pensamento dos alunos, pode auxiliar os professores a estabelecerem mudanças em sua prática de ensino no sentido de maximizar os resultados da aprendizagem. Pesquisas sobre estilos de pensamento matemático, que são classificados em visual, analítico e integrado, com alunos do ensino básico, mostram que conhecer tais estilos dos estudantes pode ajudar na aprendizagem da Matemática. Diante deste cenário, o objetivo principal dessa pesquisa é identificar e analisar em quais aspectos a estratégia de aprendizagem cooperativa propicia a mobilização dos diferentes estilos de pensamento matemático por estudantes de Engenharia. Para tanto criou-se uma atividade, utilizando o método jigsaw de aprendizagem cooperativa, desenvolvido por Elliot Aronson, envolvendo o estudo de retas nos espaços bi e tridimensionais, que foi trabalhada junto com os alunos ingressantes de um curso de Engenharia. Os resultados apontam que a utilização de tal método influenciou na mudança de estilos de pensamento matemático de alguns alunos. Observou-se que apenas estudantes que foram inicialmente classificados como pertencentes ao integrado ou visual tiveram seus estilos alterados, passando para o analítico. Percebeu-se que a predominância é do estilo de pensamento matemático analítico o que, em parte, pode ser consequência da influência exercida pelo professor sobre os alunos, uma vez que tal estilo é valorizado no modelo tradicional de ensino

This study explores the predominant mathematical thinking style that students with academic talent used in solving mathematical problems. Thinking styles are preferences by subjects in the way of expressing mathematical skills against a task, in this case, visual, formal and integrated. We assessed 99 students from an academic support talent program, in a retrospective ex post facto study with only one group. We administered the questionnaire mathematical thinking styles of Borromeo-Ferri and determined that these students exhibited mostly an integrated style of thinking, which involves the use of symbols and verbal representations with visual expressions in solving mathematical exercises. They also show a strong orientation to address the problems of combined mode, which involves considering them as a whole at a time. / El presente estudio establece el estilo de pensamiento matemático predominante que utilizan los estudiantes con talento académico en la resolución de problemas matemáticos. Los estilos de pensamiento son preferencias por parte de los sujetos en la forma de expresar las habilidades frente a una tarea matemática, en este caso, visual, formal e integrado. En el marco de un estudio ex post facto retrospectivo de grupo único, se evaluó a un total de 99 estudiantes pertenecientes a un programa académico de apoyo al talento con el cuestionario Estilos de Pensamiento Matemático de Borromeo-Ferri. Los resultados indican que los estudiantes declararon orientarse hacia el estilo de pensamiento integrado, que supone el uso de simbología y representaciones verbales junto con expresiones visuales en la resolución de los ejercicios matemáticos, así como una significativa orientación a abordar los problemas de modo combinado, que supone considerar los problemas como un todo. / La présente étude établit le style de pensée mathématique prédominant utilisé par les étudiants ayant un talent académique dans la résolution de problèmes mathématiques. Les styles de pensée sont des préférences de la part des sujets sous la forme d’exprimer les capacités face à une tâche mathématique, dans ce cas, visuelle, formelle et intégrée. Dans une étude rétrospective sur un seul groupe ex post facto, un total de 99 étudiants appartenant à un programme de soutien aux talents universitaires ont été évalués, à qui le questionnaire Styles de Pensée mathématique de Borromeo-Ferri a été appliqué et déterminé que ce type de sujets déclare principalement un style de pensée intégré, ce qui implique l’utilisation de la symbologie et des représentations verbales ainsi que des expressions visuelles dans la résolution des exercices mathématiques. En outre, ils montrent une forte orientation pour aborder les problèmes de manière combinée, ce qui implique de les considérer dans leur ensemble dans le même temps. / Este estudo estabelece o estilo predominante do pensamento matemático usado por os alunos com talento acadêmico na resolução de problemas matemáticos. Os estilos de pensamento são as preferências dos indivíduos sobre a forma para expressar as capacidades em uma tarefa matemática, neste caso, visual, formal e integrada. Como parte de um estudo ex post facto retrospectivo de grupo único, foram avaliados um total de 99 estudantes de um programa de talento acadêmico. Foram aplicados nos alunos o questionário “Estilos de Pensamento Matemático de Borromeo-Ferri” e determinou-se que a maioria dos participantes declararam um estilo de pensamento integrado, que envolve o uso de símbolos e representações verbais com resolução de expressões visuais de exercícios matemáticos. Eles mostram também uma forte orientação para resolver os problemas de modo combinado, o qual envolve a considerá-los como um todo de uma vez.