Yes / Based on an empirical investigation in the context of Romania, this paper identifies a moderating role of neutralization techniques within ethically questionable consumer behavior. The quantitative study is based upon a synthesized model of Theory of Planned Behavior incorporating the factor of perceived unfairness and neutralization techniques. Significantly, neutralization techniques are shown to have a negative, but definite impact on the action to behave unethically. This leads to their consideration as a process of thinking, rather than as static judgement. As such, neutralization techniques are conceptually distinctive to the other factors. The paper analyses the results specific to the Romanian context, but noting implications for an understanding of the morality of markets with similar historical, political and economic conditions. Overall, the findings offer a more nuanced reading of consumer behavior. The paper places moral flexibility in terms of a specific cultural context, but also reveals how neutralization techniques can moderate ethically questionable behaviors beyond matters of self-interest, which in turn has implications for how companies can consider their responsibilities in relation to their customers.

In this research, a model for ethically questionable decision-making is developed by amalgamating several decision-making theories. The variables of interest are the techniques of neutralization, perceived moral intensity, Machiavellianism, unethical intentions, and ethical judgment. Using a sample of 276 U.S. marketing professionals, partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to validate the model. Findings reveal that U.S. marketing professionals rationalize their ethically questionable intentions through their: (1) perception of moral intensity (i.e., minimizing the harms on others, perceiving their self-interest as most salient, and indifference to social consensus), (2) reliance on various neutralization techniques, and; (3) judgment of their ethically questionable intentions as ethical. After controlling for the Machiavellian personality trait, Machiavellianism did not have a profound effect on the decision-making process, which implies that marketers, in general, are capable of the cognitive distortions found in this study. The main contribution to knowledge is the synthesis of the techniques of neutralization and the perceived moral intensity construct. Through this amalgamation, knowledge of the intermediary steps in the decision-making process has emerged. A contribution to knowledge involves testing the relationship between Machiavellianism and unethical intentions through the mediating variable of the techniques of neutralization. Through this investigation, it was found that the Machiavellian personality is inconsequential to the decision-making process. As a contribution to managerial knowledge, it was found that through cognitive distortions, marketers are capable of various illicit behaviours, which have been shown to be costly to not only stakeholders, but also to the profitability and reputations of organisations.

In this research, a model for ethically questionable decision-making is developed by amalgamating several decision-making theories. The variables of interest are the techniques of neutralization, perceived moral intensity, Machiavellianism, unethical intentions, and ethical judgment. Using a sample of 276 U.S. marketing professionals, partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to validate the model. Findings reveal that U.S. marketing professionals rationalize their ethically questionable intentions through their: (1) perception of moral intensity (i.e., minimizing the harms on others, perceiving their self-interest as most salient, and indifference to social consensus), (2) reliance on various neutralization techniques, and; (3) judgment of their ethically questionable intentions as ethical. After controlling for the Machiavellian personality trait, Machiavellianism did not have a profound effect on the decision-making process, which implies that marketers, in general, are capable of the cognitive distortions found in this study. The main contribution to knowledge is the synthesis of the techniques of neutralization and the perceived moral intensity construct. Through this amalgamation, knowledge of the intermediary steps in the decision-making process has emerged. A contribution to knowledge involves testing the relationship between Machiavellianism and unethical intentions through the mediating variable of the techniques of neutralization. Through this investigation, it was found that the Machiavellian personality is inconsequential to the decision-making process. As a contribution to managerial knowledge, it was found that through cognitive distortions, marketers are capable of various illicit behaviours, which have been shown to be costly to not only stakeholders, but also to the profitability and reputations of organisations.

Background: Studies show that healthcare professionals often experience ethical difficulties in their relations with patients, relatives, and other professionals and in relation to organisational issues, and these can sometimes be difficult to handle. Failing to act or to relate in accordance with one’s values for what is good and right might cause a troubled conscience that is connected to feelings of guilt and ill-being. Ethical issues related to the care of patients with end-stage renal disease have been described, but no studies in this context have been found that explore registered nurses’ (RNs’) and physicians’ experiences of being in ethically difficult situations that give rise to a troubled conscience. The importance of communicating ethical issues in order to understand and handle ethically difficult care situations has been emphasized. Various forms of clinical ethics support (CES) have been described and evaluated, but studies on the communication processes and the organisation of CES interventions are sparse and no study describing a CES intervention based on Habermas’ theory of communicative action has been found. Aim: The overall aim was to increase our understanding about being in ethically difficult care situations and about how communication concerning ethical issues in healthcare can be promoted. More specifically, the aim of studies I and II was to illuminate experiences of being in ethically difficult situations giving rise to a troubled conscience among RNs and physicians, while studies III and IV aimed to describe the communication of value conflicts (III) and the organisation and performance of a CES intervention (IV). Methods: In studies I and II narrative interviews with ten RNs (I) and five physicians (II), were performed in a dialysis care context. The interviews were analysed using a phenomenological hermeneutic approach. In studies III and IV, eight audio- and video-recorded and two audio-recorded sessions of the CES intervention, were conducted and sorted by the data tool Transana and analysed in accordance with a qualitative content analysis (III) and a qualitative concept- and data-driven content analysis (IV). Results: The RNs’ narratives (I) resulted in the theme ‘Calling for a deliberative dialogue’. Their narratives expressed feelings of uncertainty, solitude, abandonment, and guilt in complex and ambiguous ethically difficult situations. The narratives concerned the value conflict between preserving life by all means and preserving life with dignity. The physicians’ narratives (II) resulted in the themes ‘Feeling trapped in irresolution’ and ‘Being torn by conflicting demands’. Their narratives expressed feelings of uncertainty, solitude, abandonment and guilt related to the obligation to make crucial decisions and in situations when their ideals and the reality iii clashed. The analysis of the communication of value conflicts during the CES intervention inspired by Habermas’ theory of communicative action (study III) revealed a process of five phases: a value conflict expressed as feelings of frustration, sharing disempowerment and helplessness, revelation of the value conflict, enhancing realistic expectations of the patients and relatives, and seeing opportunities to change the situation instead of obstacles. The CES intervention (study IV) was organised as a framework with a given structure and an openness for variations to facilitate communicative action. Three courses of actions to reach a communicative agreement were identified and concerned the approach to achieve a permissive communication, opening up for extended views, and enhancing mutual understanding (IV). Conclusion: The results show that both RNs and physicians expressed feelings of uncertainty abandonment and loneliness in similar ethically difficult situations but from different points of view. They struggled with the same value conflicts and feelings, but they did not share their struggles with each other. The lack of communication and confirmation led to distrust and increased feelings of uncertainty. The CES intervention, inspired by Habermas’ theory of communicative action, offered the possibility of dealing with experiences of ethically difficult care situations. In the permissive atmosphere, the professionals helped each other to balance their ambiguity, frustrations, and powerlessness and came to an agreement about how to handle the value conflicts and how to act. The findings from this CES intervention constitute a step towards a CES method that is clearly described so that leaders can be educated and extended intervention studies with different kinds of data can be conducted in order to further develop knowledge about how to promote an inter-professional dialogue about ethical difficulties.

This thesis presents the results of three studies that extend understanding of ethical decision making in negotiation. First, by comparing how Chinese and Australian negotiators think about contextual variables in an interpretive study, an extended model of ethical decision making in negotiation is offered. This study suggested differences in how codes of ethics and perception of the other party were understood as well as a shared understanding of the influence of the legal environment across the two cultures. Importance of organisational goals and personal and business reputation also emerged as important variables in negotiators' ethical decision making. The next study began testing the extended model with an investigation of the interaction between culture and closeness of the relationship with the other party using the SINS scale (Robinson, Lewicki, & Donahue, 2000). It was found that Chinese negotiators generally rated ethically ambiguous negotiation tactics as more appropriate than Australians, and that Chinese differentiated more in their ratings of appropriateness according to the social context. In the test for metric equivalence of the SINS scale, this study found that the existing approach of inductively deriving types of ethically ambiguous negotiation tactics based on ratings of perceived appropriateness is flawed since patterns of ratings are likely to vary across groups of negotiators. In light of this, a new typology of ethically ambiguous negotiation tactics is offered based on an a priori identification of conceptually distinct types of tactics. This new inventory of items represents the first step in the process of producing a cross-culturally generalisable scale of ethically ambiguous negotiation tactics.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:49:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRIGIDA_Dissertacao_10_03_2015.pdf: 838949 bytes, checksum: a529a3050f893a42664244c9c7b14380 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-18 / The present research, linked to research online Educational Institution: Organization and Management, aims to investigate how the experience impacts the poetic teaching and how this contributes to the educational practices in the teaching of Art in contemporary society. Specifically, raises questions about the place of experience in the history of Art education in Brazil, to make sense of experience in the traditions of the philosophy of a esthetic education and training of the subjects, as well as to analyze how the experience contributes to the construction of the teaching poetic in art, which demands a watchful eye (emphasis added), a provision for the new one (re) designing steady himself. This is an exploratory, descriptive study, guided by qualitative analytical approach that best meets the objectives of the research, since such an approach requires the researcher to adopt a hermeneutic stance. In this sense, research is constant movement between the parts and the whole, in which there is no absolute point of departure or arrival. Thus, to outline concepts, explanations, justifications and analysis, the shelter takes in the literature of authors who deal with the issue, including Barbosa ( 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2011 2012), Ranciére (2002) Aguirre (2009), Pagni (2010), Larrosa (2014) and Masschelein (2008), among others. this work shows up issues that contribute to academic research on the teaching of art and the understanding of the locus of experience in education as a social and historical construction, dynamics in which the school is located.s not as poetic experience and reflect on teaching, especially when it comes to educational projects, without knowing their peculiarities / O presente trabalho, vinculado à linha de pesquisa Instituição Educacional: Organização e Gestão tem por objetivo investigar como a experiência impacta na poética docente e como esta contribui para as práticas educativas no ensino de Arte na contemporaneidade. Especificamente, busca problematizar o lugar da experiência na história do ensino de Arte no Brasil, compreender o sentido de experiência nas tradições da filosofia da Educação e na formação estética dos sujeitos, bem como analisar de que maneira a experiência contribui para a construção da poética docente em Arte, que pede um olhar atento, uma disposição para o novo, um (re) desenhar constante de si mesmo. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e analítico, pautado pela abordagem qualitativa, que melhor atende aos objetivos da pesquisa, pois tal abordagem requer do pesquisador a adoção de uma postura hermenêutica. Neste sentido, o movimento de investigação é constante entre as partes e o todo, em que não há um ponto absoluto de partida ou de chegada. Para elencar conceitos, explicações, justificativas e análises, o amparo se dá na pesquisa bibliográfica de autores que versam sobre a temática, dentre eles Barbosa (2006, 2008, 2010 e 2011 2012), Ranciére (2002), Aguirre (2009), Pagni (2010), Larrosa (2014) e Masschelein (2008), dentre outros. Com este trabalho, evidenciam-se questões que contribuem para a pesquisa acadêmica sobre o ensino de arte e para a compreensão do lócus da experiência neste ensino, como uma construção histórica, social e dinâmica, na qual a escola está inserida. Não há como refletir sobre experiência e poética docente, principalmente, em se tratando de projetos educacionais, sem conhecer as suas particularidades.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:49:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRIGIDA_Dissertacao_10_03_2015.pdf: 838949 bytes, checksum: a529a3050f893a42664244c9c7b14380 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-18 / The present research, linked to research online Educational Institution: Organization and Management, aims to investigate how the experience impacts the poetic teaching and how this contributes to the educational practices in the teaching of Art in contemporary society. Specifically, raises questions about the place of experience in the history of Art education in Brazil, to make sense of experience in the traditions of the philosophy of a esthetic education and training of the subjects, as well as to analyze how the experience contributes to the construction of the teaching poetic in art, which demands a watchful eye (emphasis added), a provision for the new one (re) designing steady himself. This is an exploratory, descriptive study, guided by qualitative analytical approach that best meets the objectives of the research, since such an approach requires the researcher to adopt a hermeneutic stance. In this sense, research is constant movement between the parts and the whole, in which there is no absolute point of departure or arrival. Thus, to outline concepts, explanations, justifications and analysis, the shelter takes in the literature of authors who deal with the issue, including Barbosa ( 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2011 2012), Ranciére (2002) Aguirre (2009), Pagni (2010), Larrosa (2014) and Masschelein (2008), among others. this work shows up issues that contribute to academic research on the teaching of art and the understanding of the locus of experience in education as a social and historical construction, dynamics in which the school is located.s not as poetic experience and reflect on teaching, especially when it comes to educational projects, without knowing their peculiarities. / O presente trabalho, vinculado à linha de pesquisa Instituição Educacional: Organização e Gestão tem por objetivo investigar como a experiência impacta na poética docente e como esta contribui para as práticas educativas no ensino de Arte na contemporaneidade. Especificamente, busca problematizar o lugar da experiência na história do ensino de Arte no Brasil, compreender o sentido de experiência nas tradições da filosofia da Educação e na formação estética dos sujeitos, bem como analisar de que maneira a experiência contribui para a construção da poética docente em Arte, que pede um olhar atento, uma disposição para o novo, um (re) desenhar constante de si mesmo. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e analítico, pautado pela abordagem qualitativa, que melhor atende aos objetivos da pesquisa, pois tal abordagem requer do pesquisador a adoção de uma postura hermenêutica. Neste sentido, o movimento de investigação é constante entre as partes e o todo, em que não há um ponto absoluto de partida ou de chegada. Para elencar conceitos, explicações, justificativas e análises, o amparo se dá na pesquisa bibliográfica de autores que versam sobre a temática, dentre eles Barbosa (2006, 2008, 2010 e 2011 2012), Ranciére (2002), Aguirre (2009), Pagni (2010), Larrosa (2014) e Masschelein (2008), dentre outros. Com este trabalho, evidenciam-se questões que contribuem para a pesquisa acadêmica sobre o ensino de arte e para a compreensão do lócus da experiência neste ensino, como uma construção histórica, social e dinâmica, na qual a escola está inserida. Não há como refletir sobre experiência e poética docente, principalmente, em se tratando de projetos educacionais, sem conhecer as suas particularidades.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRIGIDA_Dissertacao_10_03_2015.pdf: 838949 bytes, checksum: a529a3050f893a42664244c9c7b14380 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-18 / The present research, linked to research online Educational Institution: Organization and Management, aims to investigate how the experience impacts the poetic teaching and how this contributes to the educational practices in the teaching of Art in contemporary society. Specifically, raises questions about the place of experience in the history of Art education in Brazil, to make sense of experience in the traditions of the philosophy of a esthetic education and training of the subjects, as well as to analyze how the experience contributes to the construction of the teaching poetic in art, which demands a watchful eye (emphasis added), a provision for the new one (re) designing steady himself. This is an exploratory, descriptive study, guided by qualitative analytical approach that best meets the objectives of the research, since such an approach requires the researcher to adopt a hermeneutic stance. In this sense, research is constant movement between the parts and the whole, in which there is no absolute point of departure or arrival. Thus, to outline concepts, explanations, justifications and analysis, the shelter takes in the literature of authors who deal with the issue, including Barbosa ( 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2011 2012), Ranciére (2002) Aguirre (2009), Pagni (2010), Larrosa (2014) and Masschelein (2008), among others. this work shows up issues that contribute to academic research on the teaching of art and the understanding of the locus of experience in education as a social and historical construction, dynamics in which the school is located.s not as poetic experience and reflect on teaching, especially when it comes to educational projects, without knowing their peculiarities / O presente trabalho, vinculado à linha de pesquisa Instituição Educacional: Organização e Gestão tem por objetivo investigar como a experiência impacta na poética docente e como esta contribui para as práticas educativas no ensino de Arte na contemporaneidade. Especificamente, busca problematizar o lugar da experiência na história do ensino de Arte no Brasil, compreender o sentido de experiência nas tradições da filosofia da Educação e na formação estética dos sujeitos, bem como analisar de que maneira a experiência contribui para a construção da poética docente em Arte, que pede um olhar atento, uma disposição para o novo, um (re) desenhar constante de si mesmo. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e analítico, pautado pela abordagem qualitativa, que melhor atende aos objetivos da pesquisa, pois tal abordagem requer do pesquisador a adoção de uma postura hermenêutica. Neste sentido, o movimento de investigação é constante entre as partes e o todo, em que não há um ponto absoluto de partida ou de chegada. Para elencar conceitos, explicações, justificativas e análises, o amparo se dá na pesquisa bibliográfica de autores que versam sobre a temática, dentre eles Barbosa (2006, 2008, 2010 e 2011 2012), Ranciére (2002), Aguirre (2009), Pagni (2010), Larrosa (2014) e Masschelein (2008), dentre outros. Com este trabalho, evidenciam-se questões que contribuem para a pesquisa acadêmica sobre o ensino de arte e para a compreensão do lócus da experiência neste ensino, como uma construção histórica, social e dinâmica, na qual a escola está inserida. Não há como refletir sobre experiência e poética docente, principalmente, em se tratando de projetos educacionais, sem conhecer as suas particularidades.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:54:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRIGIDA_Dissertacao_10_03_2015.pdf: 838949 bytes, checksum: a529a3050f893a42664244c9c7b14380 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-18 / The present research, linked to research online Educational Institution: Organization and Management, aims to investigate how the experience impacts the poetic teaching and how this contributes to the educational practices in the teaching of Art in contemporary society. Specifically, raises questions about the place of experience in the history of Art education in Brazil, to make sense of experience in the traditions of the philosophy of a esthetic education and training of the subjects, as well as to analyze how the experience contributes to the construction of the teaching poetic in art, which demands a watchful eye (emphasis added), a provision for the new one (re) designing steady himself. This is an exploratory, descriptive study, guided by qualitative analytical approach that best meets the objectives of the research, since such an approach requires the researcher to adopt a hermeneutic stance. In this sense, research is constant movement between the parts and the whole, in which there is no absolute point of departure or arrival. Thus, to outline concepts, explanations, justifications and analysis, the shelter takes in the literature of authors who deal with the issue, including Barbosa ( 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2011 2012), Ranciére (2002) Aguirre (2009), Pagni (2010), Larrosa (2014) and Masschelein (2008), among others. this work shows up issues that contribute to academic research on the teaching of art and the understanding of the locus of experience in education as a social and historical construction, dynamics in which the school is located.s not as poetic experience and reflect on teaching, especially when it comes to educational projects, without knowing their peculiarities. / O presente trabalho, vinculado à linha de pesquisa Instituição Educacional: Organização e Gestão tem por objetivo investigar como a experiência impacta na poética docente e como esta contribui para as práticas educativas no ensino de Arte na contemporaneidade. Especificamente, busca problematizar o lugar da experiência na história do ensino de Arte no Brasil, compreender o sentido de experiência nas tradições da filosofia da Educação e na formação estética dos sujeitos, bem como analisar de que maneira a experiência contribui para a construção da poética docente em Arte, que pede um olhar atento, uma disposição para o novo, um (re) desenhar constante de si mesmo. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, descritivo e analítico, pautado pela abordagem qualitativa, que melhor atende aos objetivos da pesquisa, pois tal abordagem requer do pesquisador a adoção de uma postura hermenêutica. Neste sentido, o movimento de investigação é constante entre as partes e o todo, em que não há um ponto absoluto de partida ou de chegada. Para elencar conceitos, explicações, justificativas e análises, o amparo se dá na pesquisa bibliográfica de autores que versam sobre a temática, dentre eles Barbosa (2006, 2008, 2010 e 2011 2012), Ranciére (2002), Aguirre (2009), Pagni (2010), Larrosa (2014) e Masschelein (2008), dentre outros. Com este trabalho, evidenciam-se questões que contribuem para a pesquisa acadêmica sobre o ensino de arte e para a compreensão do lócus da experiência neste ensino, como uma construção histórica, social e dinâmica, na qual a escola está inserida. Não há como refletir sobre experiência e poética docente, principalmente, em se tratando de projetos educacionais, sem conhecer as suas particularidades.

This paper examines the ethical aspects of teaching geography in high school. Attention is focused on valuation, which is an integral part of both teaching geography and ethics. The thesis explains the concepts of character and conscience and presents the theory of moral development of pupils according to Lawrence Kohlberg and developmental psychology. It also provides amethodology for dealing with values in geography teaching according to Lambert and Balderstone. It is divided into five main access routes. First, values inculcation, secondly, values analysis, third, moral reasoning, fourth, values clarification, and fifth, action learning. In the third chapter this thesis presents an analysis of the values contained in the School Act, the White Book, and above all in the RVP G, which is the values that are binding for secondary school education. In the chapter four, a questionnaire examines geographic topics that teachers consider ethically sensitive. The highest ethical sensitivity was found in the racial issue, migration, religion, the political order in the world, and the cutting down of tropical rainforests. Differences in the assessment of ethical sensitivity between men and women, and between teachers and students have been identified. The fifth chapter designs four geography lessons. Their...