abstract: The overarching goal of this dissertation was to contribute to the field’s understanding of young children’s development of ethnic-racial identification. In particular, Study 1 presented the adaptation of three measures that are developmentally appropriate for assessing young children’s ethnic-racial attitudes, ethnic-racial centrality, and ethnic-racial knowledge, and tested the psychometric properties of each measure. Findings from Study 1 provided limited initial support for the construct validity and reliability of the measures; importantly, there were many differences in the descriptives and measurement properties based on the language in which children completed the measures. In addition to measurement of ethnic-racial identification, Study 2 used the measures developed in Study 1 and tested whether Mexican-origin mothers’ adaptive cultural characteristics (i.e., ERI affirmation, ethnic-racial centrality, and involvement in Mexican culture) when children were 3 years of age predicted greater cultural socialization efforts with children at 4 years of age and, in turn, children’s ethnic-racial identification (i.e., children’s ethnic-racial attitudes, ethnic-racial centrality, ethnic-racial knowledge, and identification as Mexican) at 5 years of age. Furthermore, children’s characteristics (i.e., gender and skin tone) were tested as moderators of these processes. Findings supported expected processes from mothers’ adaptive cultural characteristics to children’s ethnic-racial identification via mothers’ cultural socialization across boys and girls, however, relations varied by children’s skin tone. Findings highlight the important role of children’s individual characteristics in cultural socialization and young children’s developing ethnic-racial identification over time. Overall, given the paucity of studies that have examined ethnic-racial identification among young children, the results from Study 1 and Study 2 have the potential to stimulate growth of knowledge in this area. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Family and Human Development 2016

Submitted by Aelson Maciera (aelsoncm@terra.com.br) on 2017-08-28T19:23:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLJLC.pdf: 7164750 bytes, checksum: 6eb04f3f50f51c41870eb7495bf9e2fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-24T13:23:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLJLC.pdf: 7164750 bytes, checksum: 6eb04f3f50f51c41870eb7495bf9e2fa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-24T13:23:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLJLC.pdf: 7164750 bytes, checksum: 6eb04f3f50f51c41870eb7495bf9e2fa (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-24T13:23:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseLJLC.pdf: 7164750 bytes, checksum: 6eb04f3f50f51c41870eb7495bf9e2fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / This research aims to analyze ethnic-racial relations among children aged three to six years. The research aims to identify: (i) how small children understand ethnic-racial identification; (Ii) what moment they begin to have a "notion" about racial belonging; (Iii) their impressions on race relations and (iv) how they self-professed. As methodological procedures, we performed field research at a kindergarten institution in Campinas, SP. Different procedures were used to collect the data: interviews with the children, "test" with the dolls, photographic record made by the children, drawings of the children, informal conversations and the conversational wheels. The interviews consisted of conversations with the children about their color and race. In interviews we collected general information about their ages, color / race; We perform the "tests" with the dolls of different shades of colors; We sought to present the children's statements about their color and race, as well as data on the color and race of their relatives. In the research with young children, we intend to verify in school how small children subjectivate, tell and talk about the racial theme. For in the same way that one learns to be a girl or a boy one learns to be black and to be white. It is a real, relational social structure and the children's agency that needs to be diagrammed. These are questions of our doctoral research. The challenge of the research was to dialogue with the children about their color and race. How they build their identification process. We intend to analyze racial relations among young children, seeking to make explicit the perspective of children on racial belonging from a discussion about the concept of children and childhood present in the sociology of childhood. Research becomes relevant to study how children perceive ethnic-racial diversity in everyday life from an early age. We hope that the result of this study will contribute to the deepening of the knowledge of the field of Education about ethnic-racial relations from the perception of the young children. We emphasize that the research is part of the OBEDUC-2013 project of "Municipal Public Policies of Early Childhood Education: Diagnosis and Research". / Esta pesquisa pretende analisar as relações étnicorraciais entre crianças de três a seis anos. A pesquisa tem como objetivos identificar: (i) de que maneira as crianças pequenas compreendem a identificação étnicorracial; (ii) em qual momento começam a ter “noção” sobre o pertencimento racial; (iii) as suas impressões sobre as relações raciais e (iv) como se autodeclaram. Como procedimento metodológico realizou-se a pesquisa de campo em uma instituição de educação infantil na cidade de Campinas (SP). Foram utilizados diferentes procedimentos para a coleta dos dados: entrevista com as crianças, “teste” com as bonecas/os, registro fotográfico realizado pelas crianças, desenhos das crianças, conversas informais e as rodas de conversas. As entrevistas se constituíram em conversas com as crianças sobre sua cor e raça. Nas entrevistas coletamos informações gerais sobre suas idades, cor/raça; realizamos os “testes” com as bonecas/os de diferentes tonalidades; buscamos apresentar as “falas” das crianças sobre sua cor e raça, além de colher dados sobre a cor e raça de seus familiares. Na pesquisa com crianças pequenas verificamos na escola como as crianças pequenas subjetivam, contam e falam sobre a temática racial. Pois, da mesma forma que se aprende a ser menina ou menino se aprende a ser negro e a ser branco. Trata-se de uma estrutura social real, relacional e da agência das crianças que necessita ser diagramada. Estas são questões de nossa pesquisa de doutorado. O desafio da pesquisa foi dialogar com as crianças sobre a sua cor e raça. Como constroem seu processo de identificação. Analisamos as relações raciais entre crianças pequenas, buscando explicitar a perspectiva das crianças sobre o pertencimento racial a partir de discussão sobre conceito de criança e infância presente na sociologia da infância. A pesquisa se torna relevante para estudarmos como as crianças percebem a diversidade étnicorracial no cotidiano desde a tenra idade. Esperamos que o resultado deste estudo contribua para o aprofundamento do conhecimento do campo da Educação sobre as relações étnicorraciais a partir da percepção das crianças pequenas. Destacamos que a pesquisa faz parte do projeto OBEDUC-2013 de “Políticas Públicas Municipais de Educação Infantil: diagnóstico e pesquisa”.