The development of Proto-Indo-European *y in Classical Armenian ranks among the most debated questions in Armenian historical phonology. This thesis reexamines all the evidence for the evolution of PIE *y in different phonological contexts, including word-initial position, intervocalically, and in consonant clusters. Special attention is given to the various conditioned outcomes of clusters of consonant + *y and of *y in contact with a laryngeal, as well as the consequences of such developments for Armenian nominal and verbal morphology.

This thesis explores briefly two experimental cases, Czechoslovakia and Poland, where between 1919 and 1938, efforts were made to solve the “minority problem." This thesis consists of five basic parts: Chapter I, an introduction that defines or describes such concepts as nationalism, nation, state, and minority; Chapter II that succinctly presents backgrounds and problems of minorities in Czechoslovakia (Germans, Magyars, Ruthenians, and Jews), and Poland (Germans, Jews and Ukrainians); Chapter III that analyzes the provisions of the Minority Treaties prepared by the principal Allied Powers at the end of World War I to protect minority rights within Czechoslovakia and Poland; Chapter IV that examines the implementation and results of the planned protection of minority rights in Czechoslovakia and Poland between 1919 and 1938; and Appendices that illuminate the minority problem in the two states.

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