The aim of this study originated with my role as a teacher wanting to research the impact of the European Language Portfolio, ELP, (2001) on a small group of minority language students, in Brussels’ Flemish region. In this exploratory case study, the European Language Portfolio (Spanish model) was administered to a small group of forty-five primary school students from the Bicultural Foyer Project in Brussels. In spite of the students’ positive attitudes towards this portfolio, the results suggest that the ELP has no validity for them because the Brussels’ Flemish educational community does not offer the appropriate conditions for a possible broader use of this portfolio. Belgium’s language policy environment, including its language policies, is the fundamental reason for the non-implementation of the European Language Portfolio.

The purpose of this study is to find out the required teacher competencies in the implementation of the Common European Framework (CEF) and the English Language Portfolio (ELP) and to explore the perceptions of teachers about their current and desired competencies defined by CEF and ELP. The required competencies for the teachers are defined in the book calledCommon European Framework of Reference for Languages. This book being a reference for the whole European Union countries, identifies required teacher competencies under four common European principles / a graduate profession, a profession placed within the context of lifelong learning, a mobile profession, a profession based on partnerships, and three key competencies / work with information, technology and knowledge, work with their fellow human beings &ndash / learners, colleagues and other partners in education, and work with and in society - at local, regional, national, European and broader global levels. A group of 40 teachers randomly selected at the Department of Basic English, School of Foreign Languages at the Middle East Technical University participated in this case study. A questionnaire about required teacher competencies in the implementation of the CEF and the English Language Portfolio was administrated to these teachers and the results were analyzed quantitatively and with the use of the descriptive and exploratory statistics. The findings obtained revealed that the teachers that participated in the questionnaire found themselves to be very competent in the required teacher competencies defined in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, however, they would like to have to be experts in these competencies and also they have found these competencies to be very important.

Cette thèse a pour objectif de mesurer les effets des politiques d’innovation. D’abord, elle se penche sur les effets de la politique de l’Union Européenne intitulée Programmes Cadres de Recherche et Développement (PCRDT) sur l’innovation des régions des 27 pays de l’Union Européenne. Ensuite, elle apporte une analyse approfondie des effets des Pôles de Compétitivité sur le processus d’innovation des entreprises françaises et leurs performances.L’originalité de la thèse réside essentiellement dans la mobilisation de techniques novatrices d'évaluation macro et micro-économétriques des politiques publiques. Les résultats de ces travaux éclaireront le rôle et l’efficacité des Programmes Cadres de Recherche et Développement dans les dynamiques régionales d’innovation mais également l’efficacité de la politique des Pôles de Compétitivité sur les performances des entreprises françaises en termes d’innovation, d’incitation à l’investissement privée, de création d’emploi et de compétitivité sur le marché. / This thesis aims at measuring the effects of innovation policies. It first focuses on the effects of the European Union (EU) policy titled Framework Programmes for Research and Development (FPs) on the regional innovation of the EU 27 countries. Thereafter, it brings a deep analysis of the effects of the French Competitiveness Clusters policy on firms’ innovation process and on their performances.The originality of the thesis lies in the mobilization of innovative macro and micro-econometric techniques to evaluate public policies. The results of this work will inform the role and effectiveness of the Framework Programmes for Research and Development in regional innovation dynamics, but also the effectiveness of the Competitiveness Clusters policy on French firms’ performances in terms of innovation, incentives for private investments, job creation and market competitiveness.

This thesis aims to assess impacts of European Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (FP) on Turkish participants, focusing on Sixth Framework Programme (FP6) Information Society Technologies (IST) priority. A two-sided approach was employed while assessing impacts. First, DELPHI method was used to quantify and prioritise expectations of the decision makers in key stakeholders / second, a survey was designed to measure additionalities and the level of achievements of program participants. Scientific and technological impacts, economic impacts, institutional impacts and impacts on collaboration and sectoral knowledge were questioned as four main impact criteria. It is demonstrated in survey results that, significantly high levels of impacts were achieved in scientific and technological impacts and impacts on collaborations and development of sectoral knowledge. Nonetheless, economic impacts were noted to be lowest among all impact factors. Level of impacts were tested for different control factors including project instrument, organization type, project activity, project role and received grant. Project role was proved to be the most important control factor affecting the level of impact. It is presented in comparison of decision makers&rsquo / expectations and participants&rsquo / achievements that, decision makers&rsquo / expectations were mostly satisfied by participants except for economic impacts. Turkish participants in FP6 IST field had significant impacts in three out of four main impact factors. Moreover, decision makers expectations were highly satisfied except for economic impact factors. The results of this study, relying on the assessed impacts of FP6 IST field, support Turkey&rsquo / s participation in forthcoming FPs.

The aim of this study was to gain an insight into how teachers work practically with the Communicative Oriented Curriculum in English and what factors that could influence the teachers’ methodology. The investigation partially replicated a study by Kırkgöz (2008). The study was conducted at three state elementary schools in Turkey by using multidimensional qualitative research procedures, including classroom observations and interviews. Results demonstrated that all participants showed attributes identified to an Eclectic-Oriented teaching approach placing them in the middle of a continuum from Transmission to Interpretation-Oriented teachers. The results were later compared with the original study displaying both a satisfying and unsatisfying outcome depending on a qualitative or quantitative comparison. Findings also indicated that a holistic perspective must be considered in order to interpret and understand the results.

This diploma thesis deals with the topic Binomials in German, Czech and English. The theoretical part defines the basic terminology related to phraseology and phraseologisms. Furthermore, the theoretical part describes the definition and classification of binomials. The first part contains the gathered German binomials which are compared with their Czech and English equivalents using methods of contrastive phraseology which is described in the theoretical part. The expressions are compared on the basis of the classification of types of equivalence according to Helgunde Henschel (1993). In the second part are introduced results of analysis of textbooks and workbooks that correspond to reference levels A1 B1 according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The aim of this part is to gather binomials and further analyse them. The third part focuses on presentation of preparation of one teaching lesson that includes binomials.

It is my wish, within the scope of this thesis, to assist teachers at secondary schools who are making a decision about the right choice of books for their stu-dents. It involves an analysis of available German textbooks for beginners, with regards to the choice of topics. In connection with my thesis I also prepared a questionnaire which was distributed among 50 students of secondary schools with the aim to elicit the point of view of the target group. The aim of this thesis is to assess the samples of German textbooks in the Czech market so that they correspond to the criteria of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages. For the analysis there has been chosen the sample of textbooks which appear commonly at Czech secondary schools. These include textbooks published by both Czech and German publishing houses, to be specific Německy s úsměvem nově, studio d A1, Sprechen Sie Deutsch? 1. and Themen aktuell 1. Originally I intented to analyse Tangram aktuell 1 instead of Themen aktuell 1 by the the same publisher, but since the first mentioned one is usually used for teaching, I decided for Themen aktuell 1. I have come to the conclusion that it is not possible to create an ideal textbook of either German or any other foreign language, because every student considers a different topic to be important, they have different values and motivation which drives them to learn a foreign language. That is also an implication resulting from the questionnaire in which students evaluated the importance of topics according to their own judgement and preferences.

Abstract This study examines Continuing Education (ContEd) administrators’ understanding of the notion of plurilingualism (PL) and its application in the context of Grade 9 to 12 International Languages (IL) classrooms in Ontario. Through cross-case analysis and a phenomenological lens, the perspectives of 17 administrators from across Ontario were analyzed in reference to PL as it is elaborated in the CEFR and the 2016 IL curriculum. Participants expressed a need for administrators to learn about PL-inspired classroom practices in order to guide and train IL teachers, to foster innovation in the immersion context of IL classrooms, and to advocate for IL and PL in the broader school system. The implications are far-reaching and touch on professional development for IL administrators and teachers, student motivation, and discursive practices in IL and the broader school system. The study contributes to theory on PL, SLE research about PL in the IL context, and administrators in the ContEd context.

The present study focuses on how the European Language Portfolio (ELP) can be used in a Swedish school. More particularly it aims at exploring how a group of teachers have adapted the use of the material to their particular pedagogical situation. It also aims at finding out what the same group of teachers identifies as the ELP’s strengths and possible weaknesses.For this purpose, a case study was carried out in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with four language teachers at an upper secondary school in the south of Sweden. Although the teachers started out using the official ELP 16+, only the language passport has been kept. The teachers have adapted the rest of the material to their own situation. Three different adaptations were identified and presented. Moreover, the teachers identified a number of areas that they saw as the ELP’s strengths. Among these areas were the material’s compatibility with the Swedish steering documents and the language biography (in adapted versions). When asked about the possible weaknesses, the teachers’ main concerns were the standard checklists and the fact that working with the ELP is time-consuming in different ways.

The following dissertation aims to scrutinize amongst other things, some English teachers’ beliefs and thoughts concerning communicative language teaching at two schools in Sweden and France. Since the steering documents of both countries clearly promote a communicative approach to language teaching, we wanted to see how it could be applied in these two different contexts as well as how it was interpreted by some teachers. With the information obtained from qualitative interviews and classroom observations, we juxtapose what the teachers have said with the steering documents for both countries, their implementations of CLT and the teaching methods adopted in general. In order to do this, an analysis and comparison of the two syllabuses for English was necessary and we also needed to set a foundation by discussing the theories and possible complexities of CLT and teacher beliefs. This discussion could not be valid without also taking into account the status and influences of the English language in Sweden and France.The analysis of the two steering documents showed similar ideas about language teaching. However, Sweden has a separate syllabus for English, whilst France has a joint one for foreign languages. Furthermore, from our interviews and classroom observations we found that all teachers taught grammar in their native language. We also found the French school to be more traditional in that the lessons were often teacher-centered and that the teachers did not allow for any errors in the spoken language. The difference in discipline between the schools was another finding which we found surprising. Finally, our results also indicate occasional discordance between the teachers’ thoughts and ideals and their actions in the classroom.