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This thesis analyzes the economic performance of recent European immigrants to Canada. The data source for the analysis is the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada, which followed immigrants entering Canada during 2000-2001 for four years. The purpose of this research is to examine the general category of European immigrants by region and country of birth in order to better understand the experience of immigrants in the Canadian labour market during their first years of settlement. Several important differences are observed within the European immigrant population in terms of economic performance. While Southern and Eastern European immigrants appear to have a slow start, their labour market performance improves rapidly, rivalling Western European immigrants after four post-immigration years. Immigrant category, education, and home language have a significant effect on overall labour market performance of recent European immigrants to Canada.

International migration has had a steady growth over the last decades and the integration of immigrants into the labour market is a challenge for many countries. Previous literature has found that immigrants, especially non-European immigrants, are disadvantaged in the labour market, and that the size of this disadvantage differs between male and female immigrants. One potential explanation for non-European immigrants’ labour market disadvantage is discrimination, which can be expressed through negative attitudes towards immigrants. Using individual data from the European Social Survey, this paper investigates whether there is a relation between negative attitudes towards immigrants and the employment gap between non-European immigrants and natives in Sweden, and whether this relation differs by gender. The results, however not statistically significant, indicate that there is a negative relation between negative attitudes towards immigrants and the immigrant-native employment gap. Moreover, the female immigrant-native employment gap is found to be more negatively affected by negative attitudes towards immigrants.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilda Amaral Carvalho Momo.pdf: 2485919 bytes, checksum: a1982f3c3d3569cc5c367341143371d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In recent years, Brazil has been experiencing frequent influx of foreign professionals seeking work in the country. As a result of Brazil's resilience to the global financial crisis started in 2008, the country has become an increasingly attractive destination for immigrants, constituting a unique opportunity to attract talent in the international market and thus promote the development of the country more effectively. The objective of this dissertation is to study the high-skilled immigration in Brazil in the 21st century. Through survey data obtained from the Ministry of Labour of Brazil (2012) more than 73,000 immigrants arrived in Brazil in the year 2012, which represents an increase of over 50% compared to 2009. Much of this contingent is made up of professionals with higher education and with high technical expertise. They are highly qualified which made them wanted by any transnational company in a globalized world where knowledge is the key requirement to develop a country like Brazil. We intend to analyze these immigrants, their countries of origin, professional activity, in which areas they work in Brazil, gender and level of education. We will start a field research through interviews with immigrants to know about their trajectories, the reasons that brought them to Brazil and their experiences in working in a country so distant and multiethnic. It is therefore an empirical research, exploratory and incorporates bibliographies and surveys of a documentary nature, from which yielded quantitative and qualitative information. The work raises chances that the international economic crisis and social networking were important factors in the decision to migrate to Brazil. Hypotheses that will be confirmed by the search result. Although the phenomenon of skilled immigration is not recent, it is little studied and the dissertation will enrich that study by presenting a single fact in the history of Brazilian immigration with a wealth of amazing data about this new international migratory flow which begins in the 21st century, where high professional qualification requirement determines human mobility on the world stage / O Brasil vem presenciando nos últimos anos um aumento frequente de profissionais estrangeiros que buscam trabalho qualificado no país. Como resultado da resiliência brasileira perante a crise financeira internacional iniciada em 2008, o país se tornou um destino cada vez mais atraente para os imigrantes, o que constitui uma oportunidade única para atrair talentos no mercado internacional que possam contribuir de uma maneira efetiva para o desenvolvimento do país. O objetivo do trabalho é discutir e analisar a imigração qualificada para o Brasil no século XXI. De acordo com dados fornecidos pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego do Brasil, mais de 73.000 imigrantes chegaram ao Brasil no ano de 2012, o que equivale a um aumento de mais de 50% em relação a 2009. Grande parte deste contingente é constituída por profissionais com ensino superior completo e com alta especialização técnica. São profissionais altamente qualificados que os fazem serem requisitados por qualquer empresa transnacional no mundo, mas principalmente no Brasil que ainda não os dispõe em número suficiente para satisfazer as necessidades de crescimento do país. Pretendemos analisar a imigração qualificada no Brasil, identificando estes imigrantes, a partir de critérios como nacionalidade, escolaridade, atividade profissional, em que setores atuam no Brasil, estado civil, gênero. Daremos início a uma pesquisa de campo através de entrevistas com os imigrantes para saber sobre suas trajetórias, os motivos que os trouxeram para o Brasil e suas experiências em trabalhar num país tão distante e multiétnico. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa empírica, de caráter exploratório e que incorpora levantamento de natureza bibliográfica e documental, a partir do qual se produziram informações quantitativas e qualitativas. O trabalho levanta as hipóteses de que a crise econômica internacional e as redes sociais foram fatores importantes na decisão de imigrar para o Brasil. Hipóteses que se confirmarão com o resultado da pesquisa. Embora o fenômeno da imigração qualificada não seja recente, é pouco estudado e o presente trabalho inovará ao apresentar essa nova face da imigração brasileira e internacional que se inicia no século XXI, onde a exigência de alta qualificação profissional determina a mobilidade humana no cenário mundial

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:54:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilda Amaral Carvalho Momo.pdf: 2485919 bytes, checksum: a1982f3c3d3569cc5c367341143371d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In recent years, Brazil has been experiencing frequent influx of foreign professionals seeking work in the country. As a result of Brazil's resilience to the global financial crisis started in 2008, the country has become an increasingly attractive destination for immigrants, constituting a unique opportunity to attract talent in the international market and thus promote the development of the country more effectively. The objective of this dissertation is to study the high-skilled immigration in Brazil in the 21st century. Through survey data obtained from the Ministry of Labour of Brazil (2012) more than 73,000 immigrants arrived in Brazil in the year 2012, which represents an increase of over 50% compared to 2009. Much of this contingent is made up of professionals with higher education and with high technical expertise. They are highly qualified which made them wanted by any transnational company in a globalized world where knowledge is the key requirement to develop a country like Brazil. We intend to analyze these immigrants, their countries of origin, professional activity, in which areas they work in Brazil, gender and level of education. We will start a field research through interviews with immigrants to know about their trajectories, the reasons that brought them to Brazil and their experiences in working in a country so distant and multiethnic. It is therefore an empirical research, exploratory and incorporates bibliographies and surveys of a documentary nature, from which yielded quantitative and qualitative information. The work raises chances that the international economic crisis and social networking were important factors in the decision to migrate to Brazil. Hypotheses that will be confirmed by the search result. Although the phenomenon of skilled immigration is not recent, it is little studied and the dissertation will enrich that study by presenting a single fact in the history of Brazilian immigration with a wealth of amazing data about this new international migratory flow which begins in the 21st century, where high professional qualification requirement determines human mobility on the world stage / O Brasil vem presenciando nos últimos anos um aumento frequente de profissionais estrangeiros que buscam trabalho qualificado no país. Como resultado da resiliência brasileira perante a crise financeira internacional iniciada em 2008, o país se tornou um destino cada vez mais atraente para os imigrantes, o que constitui uma oportunidade única para atrair talentos no mercado internacional que possam contribuir de uma maneira efetiva para o desenvolvimento do país. O objetivo do trabalho é discutir e analisar a imigração qualificada para o Brasil no século XXI. De acordo com dados fornecidos pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego do Brasil, mais de 73.000 imigrantes chegaram ao Brasil no ano de 2012, o que equivale a um aumento de mais de 50% em relação a 2009. Grande parte deste contingente é constituída por profissionais com ensino superior completo e com alta especialização técnica. São profissionais altamente qualificados que os fazem serem requisitados por qualquer empresa transnacional no mundo, mas principalmente no Brasil que ainda não os dispõe em número suficiente para satisfazer as necessidades de crescimento do país. Pretendemos analisar a imigração qualificada no Brasil, identificando estes imigrantes, a partir de critérios como nacionalidade, escolaridade, atividade profissional, em que setores atuam no Brasil, estado civil, gênero. Daremos início a uma pesquisa de campo através de entrevistas com os imigrantes para saber sobre suas trajetórias, os motivos que os trouxeram para o Brasil e suas experiências em trabalhar num país tão distante e multiétnico. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa empírica, de caráter exploratório e que incorpora levantamento de natureza bibliográfica e documental, a partir do qual se produziram informações quantitativas e qualitativas. O trabalho levanta as hipóteses de que a crise econômica internacional e as redes sociais foram fatores importantes na decisão de imigrar para o Brasil. Hipóteses que se confirmarão com o resultado da pesquisa. Embora o fenômeno da imigração qualificada não seja recente, é pouco estudado e o presente trabalho inovará ao apresentar essa nova face da imigração brasileira e internacional que se inicia no século XXI, onde a exigência de alta qualificação profissional determina a mobilidade humana no cenário mundial

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Depuis l'avènement de la démocratie en Espagne, les Communautés autonomes catalane et basque ont été gouvernées par des forces politiques fortement investies dans l'élargissement de leur autogouvernement. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous nous intéressons aux politiques d'intégration des immigrés extracommunautaires, pendant la période 2000-2009, politiques gérées par les CCAA et enchâssées dans la question historiquement récente du fait migratoire en Espagne. Pour l'analyse comparée de ces politiques publiques mises en place par des CCAA, il est indispensable de pointer, d'une part, une gouvernance multi-niveaux (UE, État et local), et, d'autre part, de tenir compte des multiples facettes des politiques se prétendant « globales » et distinctes, puisque cette intégration agirait sur les domaines social, linguistique et national dans chacune des CCAA. Comment se déploient les stratégies d'appropriation de ces politiques dans ces deux territoires infranationaux aux pressions migratoires inégales ? Ces stratégies, induisent-elles des modèles originaux d'intégration ? Ces prétentions d'originalité dépendront du type de rapports - de concurrence ou de collaboration - avec l'État, mais, également, des possibilités, au sein de chacune des CCAA, de rassembler l'ensemble des acteurs politiques et sociaux autour d'un modèle singulier prenant en compte leurs particularismes identitaires. Au vrai, la Catalogne et le Pays Basque incarnent deux territoires aux contextes politiques et culturels spécifiques à leur nationalisme périphérique qui, même s'ils induisent dans les deux cas des mouvements centrifuges, relèvent de deux manières distinctes de se rapporter politiquement à l'État. / Ever since the democratic transition in Spain, the Autonomous Communities of Catalonia and the Basque Country have been governed by political forces strongly committed to the expansion of self-government. This dissertation looks at policies for integrating immigrants from outside the European Union put in place by these two Autonomous Communities (AC's) during the decade of the 2000s, placing this in the broader context of the recent emergence of Spain as a host country for significant inward migration. In order to carry out a comparative analysis of the policies put in place by the two AC's it is necessary to take into account two additional factors. The first is the multi-level nature of the policy, involving as it does actors ranging from the European Union to the local level. The second is the multiple aspects of an all-inclusive policy, that seeks a distinct path to complete integration of immigrants on the national but also the social and linguistic levels in each AC. What strategies of appropriation of these policies have been put in place in the two AC's, which differ from each other in the extent of migratory pressure? Have these strategies led to innovative models of integration? The dissertation concludes that the potential for innovation depends on the type of relationship competition or cooperation between AC and the central government, but also on the possibilities within each AC for bringing together actors around a singular model taking into consideration their respective unique identities. Catalonia and the Basque Country are two territories whose political and cultural context is closely tied to their particular dynamic of peripheral nationalism. While leading in both cases to a centrifugal tendency with respect to national authority, these dynamics nevertheless represent two distinct ways of relating politically to the State. / Desde la llegada de la democracia en España, las Comunidades Autónomas catalana y vasca han sido gobernadas por unos partidos extraordinariamente comprometidos en el proceso de construcción de su propio autogobierno. La presente tesis tiene por objeto el estudio y análisis de las políticas de integración de los inmigrantes extracomunitarios gestionadas por las CCAA entre los años 2000 y 2009, políticas que se enmarcan en el nuevo contexto de inmigración en España. Para el análisis comparado de las políticas públicas desplegadas por las CCAA será indispensable referirse a un marco general de gobernanza multi-nivel (europeo, estatal y local) y además atender a las múltiples facetas de políticas que pretenden ser “globales” y diferenciadas, puesto que esta integración abarcaría las dimensiones social, lingüística y nacional en la respectiva Comunidad Autónoma. ¿ Cómo se manifiestan estas estrategias de asunción - apropiación de competencias en estos dos territorios de flujos migratorios de desigual naturaleza e intensidad ?, ¿ Se generan finalmente en cada una de las comunidades catalana y vasca modelos realmente originales de integración ? La viabilidad de esa pretendida originalidad dependerá no sólo del tipo de relaciones - decompetencia y conflicto o de colaboración, según los casos - mantenidas con el Estado, sino también, y en gran medida, de la posibilidad de que en el seno de cada una de las CCAA puedan materializarse suficientes acuerdos entre los actores políticos y sociales en torno a un modelo deintegración singular que incorpore en el diseño de sus políticas sus particularismos identitarios. Ciertamente, Cataluña y el País Vasco, siendo la expresión más perfilada y potente de los nacionalismos periféricos españoles, provocarán en la gestión de este nuevo cuadro dinámicas y movimientos de naturaleza centrífuga, afirmándose también dos nuevos modos, distintos y peculiares, de relacionarse políticamente con el Estado