Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilda Amaral Carvalho Momo.pdf: 2485919 bytes, checksum: a1982f3c3d3569cc5c367341143371d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In recent years, Brazil has been experiencing frequent influx of foreign professionals seeking work in the country. As a result of Brazil's resilience to the global financial crisis started in 2008, the country has become an increasingly attractive destination for immigrants, constituting a unique opportunity to attract talent in the international market and thus promote the development of the country more effectively. The objective of this dissertation is to study the high-skilled immigration in Brazil in the 21st century. Through survey data obtained from the Ministry of Labour of Brazil (2012) more than 73,000 immigrants arrived in Brazil in the year 2012, which represents an increase of over 50% compared to 2009. Much of this contingent is made up of professionals with higher education and with high technical expertise. They are highly qualified which made them wanted by any transnational company in a globalized world where knowledge is the key requirement to develop a country like Brazil. We intend to analyze these immigrants, their countries of origin, professional activity, in which areas they work in Brazil, gender and level of education. We will start a field research through interviews with immigrants to know about their trajectories, the reasons that brought them to Brazil and their experiences in working in a country so distant and multiethnic. It is therefore an empirical research, exploratory and incorporates bibliographies and surveys of a documentary nature, from which yielded quantitative and qualitative information. The work raises chances that the international economic crisis and social networking were important factors in the decision to migrate to Brazil. Hypotheses that will be confirmed by the search result. Although the phenomenon of skilled immigration is not recent, it is little studied and the dissertation will enrich that study by presenting a single fact in the history of Brazilian immigration with a wealth of amazing data about this new international migratory flow which begins in the 21st century, where high professional qualification requirement determines human mobility on the world stage / O Brasil vem presenciando nos últimos anos um aumento frequente de profissionais estrangeiros que buscam trabalho qualificado no país. Como resultado da resiliência brasileira perante a crise financeira internacional iniciada em 2008, o país se tornou um destino cada vez mais atraente para os imigrantes, o que constitui uma oportunidade única para atrair talentos no mercado internacional que possam contribuir de uma maneira efetiva para o desenvolvimento do país. O objetivo do trabalho é discutir e analisar a imigração qualificada para o Brasil no século XXI. De acordo com dados fornecidos pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego do Brasil, mais de 73.000 imigrantes chegaram ao Brasil no ano de 2012, o que equivale a um aumento de mais de 50% em relação a 2009. Grande parte deste contingente é constituída por profissionais com ensino superior completo e com alta especialização técnica. São profissionais altamente qualificados que os fazem serem requisitados por qualquer empresa transnacional no mundo, mas principalmente no Brasil que ainda não os dispõe em número suficiente para satisfazer as necessidades de crescimento do país. Pretendemos analisar a imigração qualificada no Brasil, identificando estes imigrantes, a partir de critérios como nacionalidade, escolaridade, atividade profissional, em que setores atuam no Brasil, estado civil, gênero. Daremos início a uma pesquisa de campo através de entrevistas com os imigrantes para saber sobre suas trajetórias, os motivos que os trouxeram para o Brasil e suas experiências em trabalhar num país tão distante e multiétnico. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa empírica, de caráter exploratório e que incorpora levantamento de natureza bibliográfica e documental, a partir do qual se produziram informações quantitativas e qualitativas. O trabalho levanta as hipóteses de que a crise econômica internacional e as redes sociais foram fatores importantes na decisão de imigrar para o Brasil. Hipóteses que se confirmarão com o resultado da pesquisa. Embora o fenômeno da imigração qualificada não seja recente, é pouco estudado e o presente trabalho inovará ao apresentar essa nova face da imigração brasileira e internacional que se inicia no século XXI, onde a exigência de alta qualificação profissional determina a mobilidade humana no cenário mundial

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T14:54:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gilda Amaral Carvalho Momo.pdf: 2485919 bytes, checksum: a1982f3c3d3569cc5c367341143371d1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In recent years, Brazil has been experiencing frequent influx of foreign professionals seeking work in the country. As a result of Brazil's resilience to the global financial crisis started in 2008, the country has become an increasingly attractive destination for immigrants, constituting a unique opportunity to attract talent in the international market and thus promote the development of the country more effectively. The objective of this dissertation is to study the high-skilled immigration in Brazil in the 21st century. Through survey data obtained from the Ministry of Labour of Brazil (2012) more than 73,000 immigrants arrived in Brazil in the year 2012, which represents an increase of over 50% compared to 2009. Much of this contingent is made up of professionals with higher education and with high technical expertise. They are highly qualified which made them wanted by any transnational company in a globalized world where knowledge is the key requirement to develop a country like Brazil. We intend to analyze these immigrants, their countries of origin, professional activity, in which areas they work in Brazil, gender and level of education. We will start a field research through interviews with immigrants to know about their trajectories, the reasons that brought them to Brazil and their experiences in working in a country so distant and multiethnic. It is therefore an empirical research, exploratory and incorporates bibliographies and surveys of a documentary nature, from which yielded quantitative and qualitative information. The work raises chances that the international economic crisis and social networking were important factors in the decision to migrate to Brazil. Hypotheses that will be confirmed by the search result. Although the phenomenon of skilled immigration is not recent, it is little studied and the dissertation will enrich that study by presenting a single fact in the history of Brazilian immigration with a wealth of amazing data about this new international migratory flow which begins in the 21st century, where high professional qualification requirement determines human mobility on the world stage / O Brasil vem presenciando nos últimos anos um aumento frequente de profissionais estrangeiros que buscam trabalho qualificado no país. Como resultado da resiliência brasileira perante a crise financeira internacional iniciada em 2008, o país se tornou um destino cada vez mais atraente para os imigrantes, o que constitui uma oportunidade única para atrair talentos no mercado internacional que possam contribuir de uma maneira efetiva para o desenvolvimento do país. O objetivo do trabalho é discutir e analisar a imigração qualificada para o Brasil no século XXI. De acordo com dados fornecidos pelo Ministério do Trabalho e Emprego do Brasil, mais de 73.000 imigrantes chegaram ao Brasil no ano de 2012, o que equivale a um aumento de mais de 50% em relação a 2009. Grande parte deste contingente é constituída por profissionais com ensino superior completo e com alta especialização técnica. São profissionais altamente qualificados que os fazem serem requisitados por qualquer empresa transnacional no mundo, mas principalmente no Brasil que ainda não os dispõe em número suficiente para satisfazer as necessidades de crescimento do país. Pretendemos analisar a imigração qualificada no Brasil, identificando estes imigrantes, a partir de critérios como nacionalidade, escolaridade, atividade profissional, em que setores atuam no Brasil, estado civil, gênero. Daremos início a uma pesquisa de campo através de entrevistas com os imigrantes para saber sobre suas trajetórias, os motivos que os trouxeram para o Brasil e suas experiências em trabalhar num país tão distante e multiétnico. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa empírica, de caráter exploratório e que incorpora levantamento de natureza bibliográfica e documental, a partir do qual se produziram informações quantitativas e qualitativas. O trabalho levanta as hipóteses de que a crise econômica internacional e as redes sociais foram fatores importantes na decisão de imigrar para o Brasil. Hipóteses que se confirmarão com o resultado da pesquisa. Embora o fenômeno da imigração qualificada não seja recente, é pouco estudado e o presente trabalho inovará ao apresentar essa nova face da imigração brasileira e internacional que se inicia no século XXI, onde a exigência de alta qualificação profissional determina a mobilidade humana no cenário mundial

本研究欲探討外籍專業人士來台工作的三個階段（來台前、來台工作期間與 未來規劃），藉以瞭解外籍專業人士選擇來台工作的管道，在台期間工作狀況與 生活適應情形，未來的職涯規劃，以及勞雇雙方對我國相關規定的評價和看法， 以瞭解台印間的交流情形與狀況。 在方法上，本研究自2007 年3 月25 日起至2007 年4 月22 日止，為期約一 個月，總共9 位對象進行訪談，包括7 位外籍教師和2 位本國籍雇主。而本研究 主要發現為： 一、 來台前： (一) 促使外籍人才向外流動的推力多為個人因素決定，而非原生國存在就業困 難。 (二) 網際網路的連結與社會網絡的關係，成為外籍專業人士獲得台灣工作機會 資訊，以及在台期間解決日常生活問題的重要因素。 (三) 本國籍雇主在招募外籍專業人士的過程中會因為地理因素而產生風險。 (四) 勞委會實施單一窗口制度之後，申請與引進外國專技人員過程所花費的時 間與交易成本仍有改進空間。 二、在台期間： (一) 生活上 1.受訪的外籍教師表示在台灣的生活很安全，適應情形良好。 2.英語溝通與國際化生活環境的確會成為外籍教師在台工作的困擾。 (二) 工作上 1. 受訪的外籍教師對於自身在台工作權益的瞭解有限。 2. 國內聘用外籍教師的制度較為被動，無充足誘因吸引海外人才來台。 3. 整體而言，引進外籍教師須先顧及本籍英語教師資格任用制度，且聘用 外師也需要一通盤原則，對提升我國英語環境才有正面效益。 4. 目前台灣的學術研究環境因為資源分配和地區發展不均，造成城鄉英語 環境落差較大，外師應盡速引進至資源缺乏的地區。 三、未來規劃： 1. 獲得豐富的國外工作經驗對於受訪的外籍英語教師將來回原生國的生 活與工作相當有幫助。 2. 台灣人熱情且友善的態度讓人留下好印象，可能成為外籍英語教師回 流台灣工作服務的因素之一。 最後，本研究建議政府應該注重各相關部會的整合，以及繼續改善我國國際 化環境，加強外籍專業人士與我國勞動市場的供需媒合機制，促使我國與各歐美 國家的連結更為密切，有助於國家經濟和國際形象的發展。 / This research wants to probe into the three phases (before, during, and after) of foreign professionals working in Taiwan, so as to understand the working communication in Taiwan that foreign professionals use, their working situation and living adaptation during in Taiwan, their career plans in the future, and the opinions of employees and employers on related regulations. This research uses the method of having interviews with the foreign English teachers and native employers. From March 2007 to April 2007, 7 foreign English teachers and 2 native employers were conducted. The main findings of this research are as below: I. Before coming to Taiwan： 1. Explore life experience is the reason that most foreign English teachers want to find a job out of original country. 2. The connection of internet and relation of social network become the most important factors for foreign professional skills about acquiring the information of work opportunity, and solving the daily lives problems in Taiwan. 3. Because of distance, it causes risk factors through Taiwanese employers recruit foreign English teachers. 4. There still have the spaces to improve the transaction cost spent in foreign professionals importing and applying procedure after CLA implementing the “Single Window” program. II. Staying in Taiwan： 1. In Living: a. In general, foreign English teachers in these interviews are satisfied with the living environment in Taiwan. b.Disappointedly, there is a blemish which is the English condition in Taiwan not good enough, and there are no bilingual instruction in many public places facilities, documents, and products. 2. In Work: a. There are limitation for foreign English teachers to know about their own work rights and interests in Taiwan. b. The NSC system in attracting foreign professionals tends to be passive, there is not enough attractiveness. c. In general, we should consider native English teachers’ work rights and then introduces the foreign teacher. There is a great positive benefit to our development in promote English ability. d. There are some problems existing in the environment of scholarly research in Taiwan recently which are the unbalance of the resources distribution and disproportion of region development. III. Future plan： 1. Acquiring the foreign work experience is very important for these foreign English teachers living and works in original country finally. 2. Taiwanese friendship and enthusiasm may become one of the factors that make foreign English teachers come again. To sum up, this research suggests that we government should emphasize more on the integration of related departments to indeed implement “Single Window” system, keep on improving our international condition, and strengthen the work connection between the West and Taiwan, all of the above will help promoting Taiwanese economic development and international image.

近年來我國人才失衡的問題日益嚴重，我國除有人才外流的問題外，近10年來我國引進白領專業外國人始終維持在2.5萬至2.75萬人左右，為何有些國家可以持續引進外籍專業人士，而我國卻呈現停滯的現象？為瞭解我國外籍專業人士引進及聘僱審查機制之現況、執行成效及相關問題，本研究透過文獻探討、次級資料分析、比較分析及深度訪談等方法，針對我國、美國、新加坡及韓國等四個國家之引進政策、引進規定(經濟需求檢測機制)、引進現況及審查機制等構面進行分析及比較。 本研究分為六章，第一章說明研究動機與目的、研究方法、研究範圍與限制、分析架構及研究流程等，第二章探討專業人士跨國遷徙概況與趨勢，第三章分析與比較我國與美國、新加坡及韓國等國家引進政策及法規，第四章分析與比較我國與美國、新加坡及韓國等國家引進現況及審查機制，第五章針對政府機關、雇主、外籍專業人士、代辦外籍專業人士聘僱許可公司、資方團體及勞方團體等6類不同利害關係人進行深度訪談，藉以發現問題，第六章為結論與建議，並提出具體建議方案，以強化我國引進外籍專業人士的優勢。 本研究主要發現，(一)我國引進外籍專業人士係補充國內專業人士的不足，進而達成提升國家競爭力、穩定或促進本勞就業及提升所得、並具有經驗傳承等政策目的，且我國引進政策是較藍領外籍勞工政策更為寬鬆，而現階段我國外籍專業人士符合引進目的。但是政策過於強調法規鬆綁，鬆綁同時可能忽略引進目的。(二)現階段就業服務法對於工作的定義，主要以外國人有無提供勞務為認定依據，但隨著跨國境訓練或實習等邊做邊學態樣日益增加的趨勢，現行工作的定義可能無法兼顧實務上的需求。(三)不同利害關係人一致認為引進外籍專業人士應具備一定學歷及雇主資本額、營業額等規範沒有限制性；但是在二年相關工作經驗及薪資等規範上，政府機關、雇主及外國人呈現二極化的看法，故我國經濟需求檢測機制對於引進中高階以上人才不具限制性，而學歷、雇主資本額及營業額對於引進中階人才不具限制性。(四)美國、新加坡及韓國引進外籍專業人士的經濟需求檢測機制主要以薪資標準為基準，經由薪資比較後發現，我國薪資標準的設定已接近於市場薪資，但從國際定價來看卻有偏低的問題。(五)臺灣引進外籍勞動力的模式為雙軌制(藍白領外國人)，如此引進模式，導致我國引進外籍專業人士的資格條件，必須同時要兼顧高階及中階人才的適用，故引進政策呈現二極化的評價，顯然我國雙軌制模式，無法滿足不同層級需求。(六)不同利害關係人一致認為我國引進外籍專業人士偏低的原因，是薪資待遇不具誘因。以新加坡為例，其引進服務業藍領外籍勞工每月薪資至少應達新加坡幣1,600元以上，折合新臺幣約3.8萬元，該薪資標準已等同我國僑外畢業生留臺從事專業工作的薪資標準，雖然政府積極推動引進人才方案，但是臺灣薪資待遇不改善將嚴重阻礙我國引進外籍專業人士或留用僑外畢業生。(七)外籍專業人士在我國的工作期間不長久，而且移民我國的意願不高，倘若我國引進模式不修正，將不利外籍專業人士與移民政策的結合。(八)我國審查機制透明度及效率大體上符合需求，相對缺乏彈性，而且國際上對於審查機制已朝向彈性化的方向，我國的制度將不利推動彈性化的審查。 最後，針對本研究發現提出具體建議，包含(一)我國引進外籍勞動力模式建議比照新加坡模式修正為三軌制，在現行雙軌制中間增列中階技術工作，並根據不同層級引進的政策設定經濟需求檢測機制。(二)修正工作的定義，建議增列其提供勞務的目的性及準則等規範，以符合實務需要。(三)適度修正我國經濟需求檢測機制，包括工作內容取消行職業規範，二年相關工作經驗規定，刪除「相關」二字或修正為一定工作年資，以及應按年度調整薪資標準，且比照美國採管理職及非管理職區分薪資標準；此外，假如我國政策開放引進中階技術工作者，應比照美國及新加坡訂定配額上限，以避免衝擊國內技術勞工就業機會。(四)面對人口老化及少子女化造成勞動力不足的問題，適度開放移民是一條未來不得不面對的道路，外籍專業人士與移民政策的結合應整體規劃，並適度向民眾說明引進開發中國家之專技人士的必要性。(五)為提高審查程序的透明度及服務品質，應建立動態查詢系統，並加強承辦同仁的教育訓練。 / The issue of imbalanced talent resources in Taiwan is a downward spiral in recent years. Not only Taiwanese talents are leaving Taiwan for better job opportunity. But the number of white-collar foreign professionals working in Taiwan has remained at 25,000 to 27,500, far from a large number, in the past decade. Why is Taiwan experiencing stagnation of labor market while other countries continue to attract foreign experts and professionals for work？ To better understand the current status of introduction of foreign professionals to work in Taiwan, the existing employment review mechanism, how it is being implemented and relevant issues, this study conducts analysis and comparison of the policies on introduction, requirements on introduction (economic needs test system), current status of introduction and review mechanism in Taiwan, the United States of America, Singapore and Korea. The study method includes document research, secondary data analysis, comparative analysis and in-depth interviews. Major discoveries of this study are: (1) the foreign professionals currently working in Taiwan are consistent with the purpose of introduction, but the policies are tilted in favor of a lenient treatment, with the possibility of the purpose of introduction being overlooked; (2) the current definition of work may not satisfy the needs in the real world; (3) Taiwan’s economic needs test system does not have restrictions on introduction of medium- to senior-level talents, and requirements on education level, employer’s capital amount and revenues impose no restrictions on medium-level talents; (4) while the salary standards in Taiwan are catching up with market standards, Taiwan’s salary level is at the lower end of the international pricing spectrum; (5) Taiwan’s parallel mode for introduction of foreign labor force cannot satisfy the needs for foreign workers at different levels; (6) despite of the government’s efforts to promote introduction of talents, Taiwan’s low salary standards are likely to become a huge obstacle in attracting foreign professionals to Taiwan or keeping overseas Chinese or foreign students in Taiwan when they graduate; (7) given the fact that the period of stay of foreign professionals for work is relatively short, if the mode of instruction remains unchanged, a successful combination of the policy on employment of foreign professionals and the policy on immigration may be compromised; and (8) transparency and efficiency of Taiwan’s review mechanism generally coincides with the needs, but the system relatively lacks flexibility; and many countries around the world have moved toward becoming more flexible to the review mechanism, and Taiwan’s mechanism may hamper the promotion of a flexible examination. Last but not least, the discoveries of this study have prompted the following concrete suggestions: (1) switch Taiwan’s mode for introduction of foreign workers to triple-track mode as in Singapore, and establish economic needs test system based on policies for introduction of foreign workers at different levels; (2) modify the definition of work and add regulations on the purpose of service provision and guidelines to meet the needs in the real world; (3) moderately revise Taiwan’s economic needs test system, including job description, requirement of two-year experiences in related work, adjustment of salary standards, etc.; (4) combine the policy on employment of foreign professionals and the policy on immigration from a big picture perspective, and educate the public about necessity of introduction of professionals and experts from the developing countries; and (5) establish an inquiry system that constantly updates information and strengthen the education and training of relevant staff.

Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:08:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 71060100679.pdf: 2964392 bytes, checksum: 3f94f5eec2544cf6962a3ad75c321e50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-09T00:00:00Z / Esta pesquisa investigou a construção de um cotidiano organizacional intercultural a partir da convivência entre brasileiros e estrangeiros em três organizações multinacionais que possuem sedes administrativas em Curitiba-Pr. A interação entre profissionais cria um cotidiano intercultural que é constituído de aspectos estruturais como as relações hierárquicas, o processo decisório, a metodologia de trabalho e os indicadores de desempenho. Também é formado por aspectos subjetivos e informais que englobam a percepção e o compartilhamento de valores e normas, os elementos do relacionamento inter e intrapessoal, a negociação e a gestão de conflitos, a motivação e o comprometimento. As referências teóricas foram formadas por uma base interdisciplinar que contou com contribuições da Psicologia Social, Sociologia, Antropologia e História para interpretação e análise do cotidiano, além dos fundamentos e pesquisas do campo dos Estudos Organizacionais, especificamente sobre a administração intercultural. A pesquisa foi do tipo exploratório e descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa e interpretativista. O método empregado foi a etnometodologia, pois ela visa o conhecimento e interpretação de um grupo de indivíduos acerca de suas interações e atividades cotidianas. Foi utilizada a entrevista semi-estruturada como instrumento principal de coleta de dados. Ao todo, foram realizadas trinta e três entrevistas com três tipos de respondentes: a) gestores de mobilidade internacional; b) profissionais estrangeiros; e c) profissionais locais que convivem com estrangeiros no ambiente de trabalho. Também foram coletados documentos oficiais das três organizações que tratavam de suas diretrizes oficiais e suas políticas de mobilidade internacional. Foram encontradas representações, estratégias e táticas comuns as três organizações, bem como alguns aspectos específicos de cada cotidiano organizacional. Concluiu-se que quanto mais o indivíduo participa de ambientes multiculturais e de interações interculturais, mas ele trata com desembaraço as questões ligadas às rotinas de trabalho e a convivência com chefias, subordinados e colegas de outras culturas. Isto reforça o conceito de mobilidade como capital apresentado por Freitas (2009). Este tipo de interação demanda abertura e desprendimento, principalmente quando em missão internacional, na qual o indivíduo precisa adaptar comportamentos e costumes. As missões internacionais auxiliam no processo de capacitação intercultural dos profissionais e no desenvolvimento de competências culturais no que diz respeito à melhoria da leitura do cenário organizacional e de negócios; à superação de preconceitos culturais e forma etnocêntrica de ver o mundo, o trabalho e as pessoas; à condução de ações derivadas de estratégias globais; ao entendimento das capacidades e limitações dos outros e as suas próprias; ao entendimento e aceitação das diferentes formas de perceber as tarefas cotidianas de trabalho. Isto ocorre não somente com aqueles que aceitam o desafio de viver no estrangeiro, mas também com aqueles que recebem estes profissionais e com eles convivem cotidianamente. / This research investigated the construction of intercultural organizational routine in brazilian and foreign interaction into three multinational corporations. These corporations have their brazilian headquarters at Curitiba-PR. The professional’s interaction creates an intercultural routine based on structural aspects like hierarchical relations, decision making process, methodological aspects and performance indicators. Also, it is formed by the subjective aspects like values and awareness and sharing rules; inter and intra relationship elements; the negotiation and conflict management; the motivation and commitment. The interdisciplinary theoretic references are constituted by Social Psychology, Sociology, Anthropology and History contributions to interpretation and analysis of everyday life and Organizational Studies field research about intercultural management. This research is um exploratory and descriptive study, with qualitative and interpretativist approach. The etnomethodology was used because this method helps to analysis the knowledge and interpretation of a group with their interactions and activities. The main instrument of data collect was semi structured interview with thirty three individuals. There were three types of interviewers: a) international mobility managers; b) foreign employees and c) local employees who interact with foreign people into work environment. Also, official documents were consulted to analyze international mobility strategies and politics. Some representations, strategics and tactics are common in the three organizations, as well as some aspects are specific to each organizational routine. It was concluded that the participation at the multicultural environments and the intercultural interactions are very important to individual to deal with work routine issues and hierarchical and colleagues relationship that evolves local culture and foreign culture. This enforces the mobility concept like symbolic capital (FREITAS, 2009). It is important to highlight this opened mind that this interaction demands, mainly, to adapt to different behaviors and costumes. The international assignments help individual in the intercultural capabilities process and in the cultural competence development to getting better the organizational and business scenario reading; the cultural preconception and ethnocentric view reduction; the conduction of global strategies actions; the comprehension of others capabilities and limitations and their selves; the different ways to perceive work routines. It happens with people who accept to live abroad with its challenges and also it happens with people who receive foreign at work environment.