On the 8th of November, 2016, Prime Minister Modi declared all Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 notes in circulation, constituting 86% of the currency, to be illegal tender for transactions. All the currency had to be deposited into bank accounts, and new notes would be issued. Amounts deposited over Rs. 250,000 (approx. USD 4000) would face tax scrutiny. The reasoning given for this was to curb corruption, terrorism financing and counterfeiting. This led to a scramble in the economy, giving rise to many dubious schemes for evading the consequences of this policy. There was a significant loss in income for people, however, they were willing to bear the short term pain, in the promise of medium to long term gain. Economists and political thinkers are divided on the merits of this matter. We tested the varied effect of demonetization on the Indian economy by examining the returns of the National Stock Exchange using the Event Study Methodology in the immediate period following demonetization. We found a statistically significant decline in consumption sectors. This was largely driven by decline in the ability to spend. Public Sector Banks (PSBs) saw huge positive abnormal returns, while the Private Banks recorded a lagged negative effect. This may be because the PSBs were riddled with NPAs and in dire need of liquidity, or because of the market’s differentiated perception of corruption within these portfolios. We also find State-Owned Companies to benefit from the announcement.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo verificar se há diferença quanto ao nível de significância estatística no cálculo do retorno anormal realizado através de quatro modelos estatísticos utilizados em estudos de eventos, tendo como objeto de estudo empresas no mercado de ações no Brasil durante o período de março de 2003 até julho de 2010 na Bovespa. Considerando a importância do cálculo do retorno anormal nos estudos de eventos, bem como possíveis variações de resultados decorrentes da escolha do modelo de cálculo, este estudo utiliza um tema bastante conhecido, qual seja, o anúncio de recompra de ações feito pela própria companhia emissora dos títulos. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa foi quantitativa, utilizando o estudo de corte transversal. Os resultados apontam que há diferença entre os níveis de significância encontrados. Ao analisar o gráfico dos modelos calculados no período da janela do evento, verificou-se que as empresas que recompraram ações a fizeram quando os papéis estavam com retorno anormal acumulado negativo e, após a recompra, os papéis tiveram retornos anormais acumulados positivos. Recalculou-se os dois modelos que utilizam o Ibovespa em sua fórmula de cálculo, através de um Ibovespa sem ponderação e conclui-se que os resultados apontam na direção de se evitar o uso de índices ponderados de mercado, preferindo a utilização de carteiras compostas apenas com uma ação para cada empresa componente da carteira de controle. Após este recálculo, verificou-se que o modelo que era menos próximo dos demais graficamente era o modelo de retorno ajustado ao mercado ponderado. Por fim, as evidências empíricas indicam que o mercado de capitais brasileiro ajusta tempestivamente os papéis das empresas que realizaram recompra de ações, em linha com o que prescreve a hipótese do mercado eficiente na sua forma semiforte. / The objetive of this study is to verify if there is any difference regarding the statistical significance level on the abnormal return calculation done through four statistical models used in event studies, having as the study object companies negotiated on the Bovespa Stock Exchange from March 2003 to July 2010. Considering the abnormal return calculation relevance in event studies, as well as the possible variations of results due to the calculation model of choice, this study uses an overly known theme, the stock repurchase announcement done by the own company. The methodology used in this research was quantitative, using the transversal cut study. The results demonstrated that there is difference among the significance levels found. When analyzing the graphs of the calculated models on the event window period, it was verified that the companies that repurchased the stocks done so when their shares were with abnormal accumulated negative returns and, after repurchasing, the shares had abnormal accumulated positive returns. The two models that uses the Ibovespa in its calculation formulae were recalculated, through an non-weighted Ibovespa and the conclusion pointed by the results is that the use of weighted market indexes must be avoided, giving preference to the use of portfolios composed by one share for each company that is comprised in the control portfolio. After this recalculation, it was verified that the models using the weighted market return models were graphically distant from all the other models. Lastly, the empirical evidences have demonstrated that the Brazilian capital market adjusts in a timely manner the shares of the companies that undergone the repurchase of their stocks, in line with what is expected by the efficient market hypothesis on its semi-strong form.

Através de estudo de evento este trabalho analisa o impacto provocado pelo anúncio de recompra de ações sobre os seus próprios preços, utilizando como referência, as empresas que anunciaram aquisição de ações de sua emissão, através de publicação de fato relevante na Comissão de Valores Mobiliário (CVM), nos exercícios de 2003 a 2009. O estudo pressupõe eficiência de mercado na sua forma semi-forte e identifica retorno anormal, estatisticamente significativo na data um do evento, ou seja, um dia após o anúncio. Os retornos acumulados de três dias são regredidos contra dados da recompra e os resultados reforçam a hipótese de sinalização, já sugerida pela análise do gráfico do retorno anormal acumulado, com os retornos indicando alta decorrente de pressão de preços. Os modelos de regressão utilizados, incluindo variáveis contábeis associadas a outras hipóteses explicativas, não encontram resultados significativos que dêem suporte a outras possíveis motivações propostas na literatura acadêmica. / Through event study this study examines the impact caused by the announcement of share repurchases on its own prices, using as reference, the companies announced the acquisition of shares issued through the publication of material fact in the Securities Exchanges Commission (CVM) in the years 2003 to 2009. The study assumes market efficiency in its semi-strong and identifies abnormal return is statistically significant at the time of an event, one day after the announcement. The cumulative returns for three days are regressed against the repurchase data and findings support the signaling hypothesis, already suggested by the analysis of the graph of cumulative abnormal return, with returns showing high due to price pressure. The regression models used, including accounting variables associated with other hypothes s, there are significant results that support other possible motives proposed in academic literature.

nÃo hà / The purpose of this research is evaluate CADEâs decisions about the mergers Santander à Real (2007), Itaà à Unibanco (2008), Gol à Webjet (2011) e Trip à Azul (2012), using the event study methodology. This methodology proposed by Eckbo (1983) lies on market efficiencyâs hypothesis which says the market value of a firm reflects the present value of its expected cash flow. Hereupon, Eckbo (1983) argues that anticompetitive mergers are good also for rivals of the merging firms. Since the price increases of merging firms also enables rivals to increase their own price. So, if the market assess the merger as anticompetitive, the rival firmâs stocks will increase with the announcement of this transaction. The results demonstrate a high level of efficiency of CADEâs decisions. / O objetivo deste trabalho à avaliar decisÃes tomadas pelo CADE relacionadas Ãs fusÃes Santander à Real (2007), Itaà à Unibanco (2008), Gol à Webjet (2011) e Trip à Azul (2012) utilizando a metodologia de estudos de eventos. Esta metodologia proposta por Eckbo (1983) reside na hipÃtese de eficiÃncia do mercado de aÃÃes que nos diz que o valor de mercado de uma firma reflete o valor presente de seu fluxo de caixa esperado. Dito isto, Eckbo (1983) argumenta que fusÃes anticompetitivas sÃo boas nÃo apenas para as merging firms, mas tambÃm para suas rivais, pois, uma elevaÃÃo nos preÃos da nova firma permite que as rivais elevem tambÃm o preÃo de seus produtos. Se o mercado financeiro à eficiente e avalia que uma determinada fusÃo serà anticompetitiva, à sinalizado como resposta ao anÃncio desta fusÃo uma elevaÃÃo no valor das das aÃÃes das empresas rivais. A metodologia de estudos de eventos demonstrou que o CADE vem atingindo um elevado nÃvel de eficiÃncia em suas decisÃes.

Eventos puramente cosméticos como o desdobramento ou grupamento de ações não deveriam gerar modificações no preço de mercado das empresas que realizaram tais operações. Porém, inúmeros estudos realizados nos mercados internacionais indicam que existem retornos anormais no preço das ações para tais eventos. Foi verificada a reação do mercado brasileiro aos grupamentos de ações que ocorreram entre 1986 e 2007 através do método de estudo de eventos. Os resultados indicam que não há retorno anormal nos preços das ações e que o evento possui efeitos puramente cosméticos no mercado acionário brasileiro, divergindo dos estudos realizados ao redor do mundo, predominantemente no mercado americano. Tal fato pode ocorrer pelas diferenças institucionais entre os dois países. / Purely cosmetic events such as the split or inplits should not generate changes in market prices of companies that performed such operations. However, numerous studies in international markets indicate that there are abnormal returns in the stock price for such events. It was found that the reaction of the Brazilian market to groups of actions that occurred between 1986 and 2007 by the method of study events. The results indicate that there are no abnormal returns in stock prices for these events in the national market. These results indicate that the event is purely cosmetic in the Brazilian equity market which differs from studies conducted in other markets, but predominantly in the U.S. market, and this fact can occur by the difference in institutional settings between the two countries.

No description available.

Based on a database of 368 merger cases scrutinized by the European Commission (EC) between 1990 and 2007, we evaluate the economic impact of the change in European merger legislation in 2004. We propose a general framework to assess merger policy effectiveness, focusing on four different policy dimensions: 1) predictability, 2) decision errors, 3) reversion of anti-competitive rents, and 4) deterrence. We compare the results before and after the reform, finding that the "more economic approach" resulted in improved ex-ante predictability of decisions and a reduction of the frequency of type I errors. Merger policy enforcement deters anti-competitive mergers without over-deterring pro-competitive transactions. Yet, the policy shift away from prohibitions, which are effective as a policy tool and as a deterrence mechanism, does not seem to be well grounded. (authors' abstract)

This thesis analyzes the influence of publicized events on stock price of football teams. For this, event study method and regression model was used. Publicized events were significant win in competitions or corruption scandal in Italian football. This thesis found out, that some events influence investor behavior, for example corruption scandal in Italian football or FC Porto win in Champions league final. Efficient market hypothesis was not disprove. Furthermore, it was found that fans -- investors respond to the results of his team, especially surprising wins and goal difference. Higher volume of stocks is traded in the season than out of season.

The main goal of the paper was the impact of negative events, in our case doping cases, on sponsors of cycling teams and riders. It also discuss view of spectators and fans on doping and sponsorship. As a method it's used an event study, which measure the impact of event on market value of firms in time of the event. In the paper are built three models, which analyse different doping cases and their impact on sponsors firms. All three models didn't show significant negative impact on market value of sponzoring firms.

There is an ongoing trade war between the two largest economies in the world. Since the trade war is still ongoing, few studies have been done to investigate how it affects the global economy. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the trade war’s effect on the Swedish stock market between the 2nd of March 2018 when U.S. president Donald Trump first threatened to impose tariffs on Chinese imports to the 15th of January 2020 when the phase one deal was signed. Data is collected from Donald Trump’s official twitter account and by statements from the U.S. and Chinese governments. An event study is then made by using the market model to find abnormal returns for different sectors and stocks on OMXS large cap. The study shows that the sectors react differently to the announcements. Some sectors were not affected at all and others were heavily affected. Telecommunication is a sector that had an average cumulative abnormal return close to zero both when there was positive news and negative news about the trade war. Contrarily, a sector that seems to be highly correlated to the news about the trade war is the Technology sector. Basic Resources is the most affected sector in the study when bad news occurred. From our study, we can conclude that the Swedish stock market is affected by the trade war.