The overarching aim of this thesis was to describe how family members experienced everyday life with life-threatening illness close to death, with focus on self-image and identity. The thesis comprises four papers, each with a specific aim to illuminate various aspects of the phenomenon under study. The study population consisted of 29 participants; ten family caregivers and five families, including five patients with life threatening illness and their family members. Data were based on retrospective single interviews (paper I), prospective individual, couple and group interviews with the families over six to eighteen month (papers II-III). Interpretive description approach (papers I, II, IV), narrative method (paper III) and secondary analysis (paper IV) were used to analyze data. The findings show how living close to death influences everyday life at home, at several levels (papers I-IV). From the perspective of the dying person, narrations of daily situations was described by four themes related to identity and everyday life; inside and outside of me, searching for togetherness, my place in space and my death and my time. The changing body, pain, fatigue, decreased physical capacity and changed appearance, appeared to influence the dying person’s need for altered knowledge and community, and as a result the patterns of interaction within the families changed. The strive for knowledge and community took place at home, an arena for identity work and the conscious search for meaning, knowledge and community; it was limited by time and inevitable death (paper III). For the family member, life close to death can mean sharing life with a changing person in a changing relationship (paper II). It may mean that everyday life needs to be modified in order for it to work (papers I-IV). New patterns of dependence and an asymmetrical relationship affect all involved (papers III-IV). Daily life close to death is about finding the space to promote the individual self-image, me-ness, at the same time as finding new ways of being a family; we-ness (paper II). Regardless of being the ill person or not, the family members we interviewed had to face impending death, which challenged earlier ways of living together (papers I-IV). From the perspective of the relatives, the everyday life of caring for the dying family member was characterized by challenged ideals, stretched limits and interdependency (paper I). Situations that challenged the caregivers’ self-image were connected to intimacy, decreasing personal space and experiences such as “forbidden thoughts”. The findings suggest that the bodily changes were of importance for the self-image, and that the former approach to the own body was important in the process of experiencing the body. The person living close to death was in transition to something new; being dead in the near future. One way of handling the struggles of everyday life was to seek togetherness, strive to find other persons with similar experiences while sharing thoughts and feelings. Togetherness was sought within the family, in the health care system and on the internet; a sense of togetherness was also sought with those who had already died. The other family members were also in transition as the future meant living on without the ill family member and changing their status to for example being a widow or being motherless. Identity work close to death denotes creating an access ramp into something new; a transition into the unknown. From a clinical perspective, this study emphasizes the significance of creating a climate that allows caregivers to express thoughts and feelings.

This thesis develops, applies and evaluates the concept of everyday hybridity in the analysis of interviews with a multiethnic sample of Hong Kong Muslim youth. The research asks if the lives of young Muslims in Hong Kong can be discussed through the concept of ‘everyday hybridity’ in response to existing sociological debate on hybrid identities and culture. The thesis critiques the existing debate on cultural hybridity and argues for a broader discussion on multicultural youth that moves beyond the existing focus on multiculturalism in the West. It offers an account of Muslim youth in a non-Western context and challenges a number of popular assumptions about them in the post 9/11 era. Everyday hybridity is proposed as a concept to discuss mundane themes of cultural hybridity that are often overlooked in the celebration of hybrid styles in youth research. It is developed through an analysis of works on cultural hybridity and everyday life sociology and operationalises the theory of cultural hybridity. Work on youth, multiculturalism, and Muslims as political minorities are used to identify key themes of everyday hybridity relevant for the research. The themes, language, space, and religious practice provide the focus for the discussion and analysis of the participant interviews. The analysis of the participant testimonies is used to argue that hybridity can be palpably represented in research and that it is a common and normal facet of life in multicultural communities. It demonstrates that young Muslims in Hong Kong value the freedom and safety they have despite the fact that many experience racism and are subject to government education policies that limit their employment prospects. As a result everyday hybridity provides a new way to understand Muslim youth in Hong Kong. This thesis concludes by assessing the contribution of the research to discussions on cultural hybridity, Muslim youth in Hong Kong, and the global focus on youth studies. The closing discussion outlines a number of policy suggestions; it argues that the everyday focus of the research provides a model to think broadly and sensitively about what young Muslims truly value about life in Hong Kong when striving to improve circumstances for them.

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No description available.

I denna studie undersöker vi vilka vardagliga upplevelser och erfarenheter invandrarungdomar från två ungdomsverksamheter i förorten har av rasism. Till detta har vi fokuserat på två huvudområden, dels hur vardagsrasismen kommer till uttryck i ungdomarnas liv, och hur man kan förstå deras erfarenheter utifrån begreppen ''den Andre'' och stereotypisering, och dels hur ungdomarna hanterar deras upplevelser. För att undersöka detta har en kvalitativ forskningsansats använts där sju semistrukturerade intervjuer har gjorts med invandrarungdomar från förorten. Vårt metateoretiska perspektiv har varit socialkonstruktionism, med postkolonialism som huvudsaklig teoretisk utgångspunkt. Vidare har vi specifikt använt oss av de teoretiska begreppen ''den Andre'' och stereotypisering, vilka används för att analysera och förstå materialet. Materialet har i sin tur kodats, tematiserats, kategoriserats, och analyserats utifrån ovannämnda teoretiska perspektiv. I analysen har vi kommit fram till att den rasbiologiska historien tillsammans med koloniala värderingar aktualiseras och än idag präglar invandrarungdomar ifrån förortens vardag på ett påtagligt sätt. Detta kommer främst till uttryck genom en upplevd annorlundahet och ojämlikhet mellan dem som är rasifierade och de som anses som norm i samhället. Det i sin tur gestaltades genom två olika former, dels genom en upplevelse av att bemötas som ''den Andre'', och dels genom att bedömas utifrån stereotypa föreställningar. Dessa former aktualiserades delvis genom raslärans kvarlevor, där slaven och djuren blev tydligt framträdande, och även genom en stereotypisering utifrån attributen skägget, sjalen, och platsen förorten, vilka i sin tur resulterat i att ungdomarna betraktats som bl.a. självmordsbombare, terrorister och gangsters. Vidare visar resultaten att sättet att hantera rasismen på var av varierande slag, men vi fann tre övergripande strategier: att försöka söka sig till och vistas inom trygga områden, att hålla sig borta från rasismen på olika sätt (undvika, bortförhandla, anpassning), samt att göra motstånd via gruppverksamheter. Slutligen problematiseras och diskuteras hur invandrarungdomarnas erfarenheter av rasism direkt eller indirekt kan leda till social utstötning och skapa en förstärkt exkludering, samt det sociala arbetets betydelsefullhet. / In this study, we examine the everyday experiences immigrant youths from two youth activities in the suburb have about racism. To do this, we focused on two main areas, first how everyday racism inherent in young people's lives, and secondly how they deal with their experiences of racism. To be able to examine their experience have we done a qualitative research approach used by semi-structured interviews on seven young immigrants from the suburb. Our meta-theoretical perspective has been social-constructionism, with post-colonialism as the main theoretical basis. According to this we use the concepts ''the Other'' and stereotyping, which are applied to the material. The material has been encoded, thematized, categorized and analyzed on the basis of the above theoretical perspectives. Concluding remarks is that the racial story along with colonial values today characterize and affects the life of the young people living in the suburbs in a tangible way. This is mainly expressed through a perceived differentness and inequality between those who are racialized and those which are considered as the norm in society. That was depicted through two different forms, first through an experience of being categorized as '' the other '' and secondly by judged by stereotypes. These forms was actualized by the remains of the racial-doctrine, where the slave, and the animals were clearly visible, and also by a stereotyping by attributes like the beard, shawl, and the place suburb, which the result show that resulted in that young people is being regarded as eg suicide bombers, terrorists, and gangsters. Moreover, the results also show that the way to deal with racism was varied, but we have been able to categorize them in three main strategies: to try stay in safe areas, to stay away from racism in different ways (avoiding, removing, negotiating, adaptation), and to resist through group activities. Finally, we problemized and discusses how the immigrant youth experiences of racism directly or indirectly leads to social exclusion.

La ricerca si pone l’obiettivo di indagare una nuova e sperimentale forma di intervento di accoglienza per richiedenti asilo e titolari di protezione internazionale e umanitaria rappresentata dall’accoglienza in famiglia di persone adulte straniere. Lo strumento dell’accoglienza in famiglia per richiedenti asilo e rifugiati rientra in un campo multidisciplinare non ancora approfondito a livello teorico sia rispetto ai riferimenti scientifici che ne hanno alimentato l’ideazione e la riflessione progettuale sia a livello di pratiche professionali di lavoro sociale. In questa ricerca, costruita attraverso un intreccio di strumenti qualitativi, si vuole contribuire a ricostruire questi aspetti non ancora formalizzati che lo contraddistinguono e esplorare le dimensioni dell’integrazione sulle quali l’accoglienza in famiglia va ad agire. La peculiarità di tale esperienza risiede nella partecipazione di quattro soggetti differenti (pubblica amministrazione, terzo settore, famiglie e beneficiari) che hanno interagito tra loro, attivando dinamiche di collaborazione integrate con il territorio, sottolineando la valenza bidirezionale dei processi di integrazione nella vita quotidiana. Per fare ciò lo studio di caso si è concentrato sul progetto “Rifugiato in famiglia” del Comune di Milano, implementato successivamente alla nascita di altre esperienze simili all’estero e sul territorio italiano, che verranno approfondite al fine di meglio comprendere questo particolare intervento. / The research focuses on a new and experimental form of reception for asylum seekers and holders of international and humanitarian protection: hosting foreign adults in family. The intervention of hosting refugees in family is part of a multidisciplinary field that has not yet been investigated at a theoretical level, either in relation to the scientific references that nurtured design conception and reflection both at the level of professional social work practices. In this research, built through the aid of different qualitative methods, the aim is to contribute to reconstructing these not yet formalized aspects and to explore the dimensions of integration on which the reception in family works. The peculiarity of this experience lies in the participation of four different subjects (public administration, third sector, families and beneficiaries) interacting each other, activating integrated collaboration dynamics with the territory, underlining the bidirectional value of the integration processes in everyday life. In order to achieve this, the case study focused on the "Rifugiato in Famiglia” (Refugee in Family) project of the Municipality of Milan, implemented after the birth of other similar experiences abroad and in Italy, which will be analyzed in order to better understand this particular intervention.

Este estudo teve como objetivo geral compreender as interações nas dinâmicas de ensino e aprendizagem em duas práticas corais, na cidade de Porto Alegre, RS, e como essas interações se reproduzem na vida dessas pessoas, dando origem a novas sociabilidades para além da prática coral. Portanto, tentou-se ampliar o olhar da prática coral para além de seus resultados estético musicais. Neste estudo, assumem igual importância, tanto o processo de aprendizagem musical, como as questões sócio interativas dos seus integrantes. Os dois corais estudados fazem parte das atividades complementares de duas instituições de naturezas diversas, sendo uma delas ligada à área de educação e a outra, à área de saúde. A investigação procurou responder às questões: Por que as pessoas foram procurar os coros? O que assegura a permanência dessas pessoas no coro? Que tipo de relações são construídas na prática coral? Como essas relações se dão? Em que medida as práticas sócio-pedagógicas do coro conduzem ao estabelecimento de aproximações entre indivíduos, ou seja, ajudam a desenvolver neles a capacidade de convivência com a diferença? A opção metodológica do estudo consistiu de uma abordagem qualitativa, no estudo de dois casos, com base na observação participante. Assim, atuei como cantora nos dois coros, sendo que em um deles por um ano e, no outro, por um ano e meio. Elaborei diários de campo a partir de cada ensaio e cada apresentação pública dos quais participei nos dois coros, assim como nos outros eventos culturais dos grupos. Também foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com as regentes, com alguns coristas decanos e novatos, com as equipes de apoio, além das entrevistas coletivas realizadas em cada um dos coros. A compreensão dos modos de interagir e atuar entre os coristas fundamenta-se nas idéias de interação desenvolvidas por Goffman e, no que diz respeito às práticas musicais coletivas, o aporte de Schütz. Recorro também às contribuições de Bauman ao analisar as perspectivas que podem ser abertas para o reencontro dos indivíduos que se sentem sós no meio da multidão, num mundo que se dissocia em conseqüência da perda da consciência e do respeito pela alteridade. Os dados levantados indicam que as interações entre os coristas podem conduzir ao sentimento de pertença característico das formações comunitárias. / This study aimed to understand the interactions in the teaching and learning dynamic in two choirs, in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, and how these interactions are reproduced in the lives of these people, originating new sociabilities beyond the choir practice. Therefore, we attempted to extend the look over the choral practice beyond its musical aesthetic results. In this study, are of equal importance, both musical learning process, and the social interactive issues of its members. Both the investigated choirs are part of the complementary activities of two institutions of different types, one being linked to the education area and the other, to health area. The research sought to answer: why did people search for the choirs? What ensures the permanence of these people in the choir? What kind of relations are built in the choral practice? How do these relations happen? To which extent do the socio-pedagogical practices of the choir lead to approaches among individuals, and help develop their ability to coexist with the differences? The study's methodological option consisted of a qualitative approach in the study of two cases, based on participant observation. In that way, I participated as a singer in both of the choirs, one of them for a year and, on the other, for a year and a half. I drafted field journals from each rehearsal and public presentation of which I took part in the two choirs, as well as in other cultural events of the groups. Semi-structured interviews were also held with the conductors, with some choristers, deans and beginners, with the support teams, in addition to the group interviews held in each of the choirs. The comprehension of the ways of interacting and participating among the choristers is based on ideas developed by Goffman and, in what refers to collective musical practices, on Schütz’s ideas. I also turn to the contributions of Bauman when analyzing the perspectives that can be opened for the reunion of people who feel alone in the crowd, in a world which dissociates in consequence of the loss of consciousness and respect for otherness. In conclusion, the collected data indicate that the interactions among the choristers can lead to belongingness typical of community formations.

O estudo aborda as mudanças vividas no campesinato brasileiro a partir das obras e pesquisas realizadas por Carlos Rodrigues Brandão. Utilizando como informação e referência os estudos deste autor em comunidades, bairros, vilas e distritos rurais – particularmente nos Estados de Goiás, São Paulo e Minas Gerais –, a ênfase desta pesquisa está voltada ao cotidiano de populações rurais. Da reunião de diferentes observações, trabalhos de campo, depoimentos e relatos deste antropólogo, o foco do trabalho voltou-se aos temas terra, trabalho e família, que correspondem aos primeiros capítulos da dissertação. E falar de terra, de trabalho e de família é, também, falar de campesinidade. Assim, a partir da descrição de características qualitativas e comportamentais da cultura e da reprodução social de camponeses, observadas em seus cotidianos, busca-se seu entendimento enquanto ordem moral. Utilizaram-se, ainda, os livros e publicações de Carlos Rodrigues Brandão para abordar o alimento e, como não há nada mais cotidiano do que comer, é esse o tema tratado no último capítulo. Afirma-se aqui que as pesquisas e a trajetória de mais de trinta anos de trabalhos de campo realizados por Carlos Rodrigues Brandão são importantes fontes para o entendimento e compreensão de segmentos do campesinato em regiões brasileiras, principalmente da segunda metade do século XX. Referente às práticas, saberes, cotidianidade e cultura, de modo geral, de algumas populações rurais em nosso país, é fundamental conhecer as obras deste autor, ainda que a partir da perspectiva de alguns temas específicos, uma vez que a densidade de suas descrições e abordagem enriquece e auxilia àqueles que desejam compreender o rural brasileiro, principalmente, as mudanças vividas por indivíduos e grupos sociais. / This thesis discusses the changes experienced in Brazilian peasantry from the works and researches conducted by Carlos Rodrigues Brandão. Using as reference information the studies by this author in communities, neighborhoods, towns and rural districts – particularly in the states of Goiás, São Paulo and Minas Gerais –, the emphasis of this research is directed to rural populations’ everyday life. From the meeting of this anthropologist’s different observations, field work, interviews and reports, the focus of the work turned to the themes land, work and family, which correspond to the first three chapters of the thesis. To speak about land, work and family is also to speak about peasantry, i.e. from the description of qualitative and behavioral characteristics of culture and social reproduction of peasants, and, through their daily lives, we seek to their understanding as moral order. We used the books and publications by Carlos Rodrigues Brandão to address food and, as there is nothing else more associated to everyday life than eating, such is the subject addressed in the fourth and final chapter. It is argued here that the research and the history of more than thirty years of field work conducted by Carlos Rodrigues Brandão are important sources for understanding and comprehension of groups and segments of the peasantry in Brazilian regions, especially in the second half of the twentieth century. Related to the practices, knowledge, daily life and culture, in general, of some rural communities in our country, it is essential to know the works of this author, albeit from the perspective of some specific issues, since the depth and descriptions of their approach enrich and assist those who want to understand the Brazilian countryside, mostly, the changes experienced by individuals and social groups.

Esta tese investiga o cotidiano urbano e as formas da vida social que configuram a cidade moderno-contemporânea através das feições do tempo presentes nas práticas de compra e venda de alimentos nos mercados de rua e feiras-livres. A pesquisa etnográfica foi desenvolvida em mercados de rua e feiras-livres das cidades de Porto Alegre e São Paulo no Brasil, e Paris, na França. Trata-se de refletir sobre os simbolismos da circulação do alimento figurados na circulação da palavra, nas forma de sociabilidades e na memória da duração das práticas cotidianas que se desenrolam nas ruas e bairros da cidade, relacionadas ao alimento. Através da pesquisa com imagens – de acervo ou produzidas em campo – este trabalho procurou acessar as forma sensíveis da vida cotidiana, bem como a dimensão poética do viver urbano. / This thesis approaches the urban everyday life and the forms of social life that configure the city modern-contemporary through the images of time represented in the daily practices to purchase and sell foods in street markets and fairs. The ethnographic research was developed in street markets and food fairs of Porto Alegre and São Paulo, Brazil, and Paris, rance. It’s a reflection about the symbolisms of the circulation of food represented in the circulation of the conversation practices, in the forms of sociabilities and in the collective memory of daily practices related to the food. This works presents, through images and sounds, the sensiti ve forms of everyday life and the urban poetics.

The diploma thesis aims on introducing the "Chronicle of the Kopp family", a personal writing found in the inheritance of Pilsen teacher Vaclav Kopp (1876-1951). The thesis also intends to integrate this work into contexts of the ego-documents research; introductory article therefore touches the matters of personal sources as a subject of a research interest. The main text of the thesis is further divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents the story of Vaclav Kopp's life and also focuses on the history of his family. The following chapter deals with the analysis of the source and it particularly wants to emphasize the overall change of its character. The third chapter is a pivotal part of the thesis. It discusses topics contained in the "Chronicle" with intent to look into the everyday life of the author and into his intellectual world. In the last chapter, the work of Vaclav Kopp is compared with the memoirs of another Pilsen citizen - Luisa Pernerová-Zykmundová and with other personal sources from Pilsen of the same time period. Conclusion then summarizes the findings and it points out the importance of the investigated work and offers the possibility of its further use. A list of sources and bibliography is appended, as well as a large number of pictorial attachments.