Orientador: Edson Ramos de Siqueira / Coorientador: Simone Fernandes / Banca: Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima / Banca: Sirlei Aparecida Maestá / Resumo: Pelo presente estudo avaliou-se a inclusão de óleo de linhaça sobre a produção, constituintes do leite, dinâmica do peso corporal das ovelhas e desempenho dos cordeiros de ovelhas da raça Bergamácia. Quarenta e oito ovelhas foram distribuídas em dois grupos: Controle (C): suplementadas com concentrado sem óleo de linhaça (0,800 kg/ovelha/dia) e Linhaça (L): suplementadas com concentrado acrescido de óleo de linhaça (0,700 kg/ovelha/dia). As ovelhas permaneceram com seus cordeiros até 30 dias de idade, quando foram desmamados. Durante o dia as ovelhas ficaram na pastagem de Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia e durante o período noturno elas eram recolhidas a um galpão e recebiam silagem de sorgo. Foram ordenhadas duas vezes ao dia e tiveram suas produções controladas. As amostras de leite para análise da composição centesimal foram colhidas a cada 14 dias a partir do primeiro dia de ordenha. Para avaliação da dinâmica do peso corporal os animais eram pesados a cada 14 dias, juntamente com a determinação do escore de condição corporal. Os cordeiros foram pesados a cada 7 dias, até desmama. Não foram encontradas diferenças entre os tratamentos (P>0,05) para pesos ao parto, à desmama, e final, e ganho de peso das ovelhas. Os tratamentos também não influenciaram o peso ao nascer, à desmama e o ganho de peso dos cordeiros. A inclusão de óleo de linhaça não alterou a produção de leite e seus constituintes: gordura, proteína, lactose, sólidos totais, extrato seco desengordurado e contagem de células somáticas / Abstract: For this study, the inclusion of linseed oil on milk production, its components, dynamics of body weight and on the performance of lambs of Bergamasca ewes was evaluated. Forty-eight ewes were distributed in two groups: Control (C): supplemented with concentrate without linseed oil (0.800 kg/ewe/day) and Linseed (L): supplemented with concentrate of linseed oil (0.700 kg/ewe/day). The ewes stayed with their lambs until they were 30 days old - when they were weaned. During the day the ewes remained in Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania pasture and at night they were gathered in a pen and received sorghum silage. They were milked twice a day and had their productions controlled. The milk samples for the proximate composition analysis were taken every 14 days from the first milking day. Every 14 days, for the evaluation of body weight dynamics, the animals were weighed and their body condition score was determined. The lambs were weighed every 7 days until weaning. No differences were found between treatments (P> 0.05) for birthweight, weaning and final weight gain of the ewes. The treatments did not affect birthweight, weaning weight and weight gain of the lambs. The inclusion of linseed oil did not affect milk production or its components - fat, protein, lactose, total solids, nonfat dry extract, and somatic cell count / Mestre

Ninety Merino ewes, divided into three equal groups, were kept on natural highveld grazing for 42 weeks. Group M received a mineral supplement continuously, averaging 28 g per day. The other groups received commercial protein supplements, group RDP a mainly rumen degradable supplement and group RUP, a mainly rumen undegradable supplement. These supplements had crude protein (CP) levels of 29% and 28% respectively and were supplied at strategic times during the reproductive cycle, at 250 g per ewe per day for 14 days before mating, at 350 g per ewe per day for 42 days, starting 21 days before lambing and at 500 g per ewe per day for 56 days, starting 21 days after lambing. Grazing was randomized to minimize differences in nutrition and parasite challenge, and had an average CP of 8.8%. Lambing rates were: RUP 96%, RDP 89% and M 76%. Lamb survival rates at 11 and 17 weeks post lambing were 75%&63% for RUP, 64%&57% for RDP and 55% and 48% for M respectively (P< 0.05). Wool production parameters were similar for all groups, as were mean faecal egg counts: 685 (RUP), 371 (RDP) and 465 (M). Body weights, body condition scores and FAMACHA scores were also similar for all three groups. Income per ewe, calculated at 11 and 17 weeks post lambing, was highest for RUP at R147.80&R132.87, lowest for M at R117.86&R111.13, and in between for RDP (R129.85&R121.38). However, the gross margin was the highest for M at both points (R114.35&R107.77) compared to RUP (R70.43&R54.93 – P < 0.03&P < 0.008 respectively), as well as RDP (R82.96&R74.12). Strategic supplementation with protein improved performance but the additional income was not sufficient to cover feed costs under prevailing conditions and neither supplement could therefore be economically justified. / Dissertation (MMedVet)--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Production Animal Studies / unrestricted

Western Whiteface and Navajo-Churro Ewes, two types of sheep present in the Intermountain West, were compared for their milk production ability. Amount of milk produced per individual and the group milk composition were analyzed for butterfat, lactose, somatic cell count, protein, calcium, and phosphorous. Ewes were fed ad libitum alfalfa hay and had access to free-choice grain while in the milking parlor. Lambs were weaned at 35 d of age and removed to another holding area and placed on creep feed . Ewes were milked for 90 d following the weaning of the lambs. Western Whiteface ewes had a much higher milk production level than the Navajo- Churro ewes (P < 0.05). Western Whiteface ewes were almost double in their overall level of production versus the Navajo-Churro ewes. Half of the Western Whiteface ewes completed the 90-d lactation period, producing an average of . 83 kg of milk per day. Navajo-Churro ewes did not complete the full lactation period, with I 000/o of them ceasing milk production before completion of the 90-d milking period. The criterion for being considered dry consisted of completing six consecutive milkings while producing 50 ml or less of milk. Overall production for the two groups of ewes was .83 kg/day of milk for the Western Whiteface ewes and .52 kg/day for the Navajo-Churro. The average number of days in production for the Western Whiteface ewes was 69.5 d and 50 d for the Navajo-Churro. Western Whiteface ewes consistently exhibited higher milk production levels than the Navajo- Churro ewes and they adapted well to the milking barn. Navajo-Churro ewes did not produce an adequate quantity of milk for a dairy setting.

The present studies were conducted to check the effects of acute ram introduction into a flock of anestrus ewes in Virginia. Ewes were bled via jugular venipuncture twice weekly and serum samples were radioimmunoassayed for progesterone (P4) content as an indicator of estrous activity. All rams were fitted with crayon equipped marking harnesses for use as an indicator of mating behavior in ewes. The first study tested the effects of introduction of vasectomized rams into a flock: of' 50 Dorset (D) and 50 Hampshire (H) purebred ewes in either May or June. More D ewes ovulated (96% vs 72% for H ewes) and mated (80% vs 20% for H ewes) in May. Of ewes which mated in May 65% D but no H ewes continued to cycle in June after removal of rams. Of ewes exposed to rams in June no difference among breeds was observed in percentage of ewes ovulating but more D ewes (72%) mated than H ewes (44%). Twenty-four percent of D but no H ewes cycled continuously throughout the 68 d or the study. Lambing date significantly affected mating behavior in H but not D ewes. The second study tested the effects of ram breed on incidence of mating and subsequent lambing in Rambouillet x Q Suffolk ewes In June and July of 1984 and 1985. Ewes were Q pre-exposed to either confined Suffolk (S) or Dorset (D) Q yearling rams or no (N) ram for 2 wk prior to breeding by Q either S or D rams. Lambing date was significantly affected by breeding treatment in 1984 and by pre-exposure treatment in 1985. Sixty-three percent of the ewes lambed in 1984 while 65% lambed in 1985. / Master of Science

Two commercially available progestogen products for cattle, melengestrol acetate (MGA) and norgestomet (SMB) , were evaluated for their ability to induce synchronized estrus in anovulatory ewes. Seasonally anestrous ewes (n=232; determined by blood serum progesterone concentration) of mixed breeding were randomly assigned within broad age groups to one of seven treatments: 1) control (C); 2) MGA only (OMGA); 3) MGA + zeranol (RMGA); 4) MGA + PG-600 (PMGA; 400 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin + 200 IU human chorionic gonadotropin in a 5 mL dose); 5) 5MB only (OSMB); 6) 5MB + zeranol (RSMB); and 7) 5MB + PG-600 (PSMB). Beginning 10 d before breeding, OMGA, RMGA, and PMGA ewes were fed .3 mg MGA/d provided through a mixture of shelled com and a commercially prepared pelleted supplement containing MGA. Concomitantly, OSMB, RSMB, and PSMB ewes were given a 3 mg norgestomet implant inserted subcutaneously on the back of the ear. Immediately preceding initiation of the MGA and 5MB treatments, RMGA and RSMB ewes were given a single i.m. injection of 2.5 mg zeranol. At the end of the 10-d treatment period, MGA feeding was discontinued and the norgestomet implants were removed. Concomitantly, PMGA and PSMB ewes were given a single i.m. injection of PG-600 (5 mL). All treatment groups were combined into one breeding group on May 4, 1992, with a ram to ewe ratio of 1: 17 for a 30-d breeding period. Mating to synchronized estrus was greater (P < .0001) for progestogentreated ewes. Within progestogen treatments, more (P < .000 1) 5MB ewes were marked within the first 5 d of breeding than MGA ewes. Overall, there were no treatment differences in estrus response for the 30-d breeding period. Blood serum samples collected during the first 14 d of breeding were analyzed for progesterone as an indicator of corpora lutea formation. Even though a large proportion of C ewes displayed luteal activity, only 12 % exhibited behavioral estrus within the first 17 d of breeding. Progestogen treated ewes exhibited a shorter mean interval (P < .0001) from ram introduction to lambing. Fertility and prolificacy were not different for C, MGA, or 5MB ewes. Of the two progestogen treatments used alone, lambing rate was 85 and 59 % (P < .03) for OMGA and OSMB ewes, respectively. Ewes plimed with zeranol before MGA or 5MB treatment exhibited similar levels of fertility and intervals from ram introduction to lambing compared with ewes receiving an injection of PG-600 after progestogen treatment. These data indicate that progestogen products commercially available for cattle may be useful in enhancing out-of-season breeding performance in sheep. / Master of Science

Thirty-six mature, nongestating, crossbred ewes were randomly allotted to three diets: basal (6 ewes); 50% basal and 50% broiler litter (24 ewes), and 50% basal and 50% broiler litter with the addition of 25 ppm molybdenum (Mo) and 5 g sulfate/kg feed. The 24 litter fed ewes were allotted to withdrawal times of 0-, 30-, 60- and 120-d. The control (basal) diet contained and the deepstacked broiler litter contained 8 and 257 ppm Cu, dry basis, respectively. The ewes were fed the diets for 140-d at which time the control, the six litter-fed ewes with 0-d withdrawal and the Mo and SO₄ supplemented ewes were slaughtered. Liver samples were obtained from these ewes by biopsy initially and at 40-, 80-, and 120-d of the trial. At slaughter liver, kidney, muscle and duodenum samples were taken. Liver Cu content was increased (P<.01) by feeding broiler litter (404 vs 1543 ppm, dry basis). Liver Cu (962 ppm) accumulation and serum Cu were depressed (P<.05) by supplementing litter containing diets with Mo and SO₄. Zinc levels of the liver and Zn and Cu levels of the kidney and muscle were not affected by additional Mo and SO₄. Duodenum Cu and Zn levels reflected the dietary metal content. During the withdrawal period liver and duodenum Cu levels were not lowered (P>.05). A linear increase (P<.001) in SGOT activity was observed with time throughout the withdrawal period, suggesting possible liver damage. Serum Cu decreased at 30-d and increased thereafter (quadratic effect, P<.05). This observation coupled with increases in muscle and kidney Cu (P<.05) indicated an apparent redistribution of Cu stores. Metallothionein (MT) increased 12-fold above control values in the litter-fed ewes (P<.05) and tended to decrease during the withdrawal period. Therefore, it appears that supplementing Mo and SO₄ to a diet containing high Cu broiler litter may reduce the accumulation of hepatic Cu. Liver Cu stores will not be dissipated upon withdrawal of the high Cu litter from the diet. / Master of Science

Fifty-nine mature "Western" (Suffolk x Rambouillet) and 71 mature ¼ - Finn (Suffolk x Finn-Rambouillet) ewes were bred to Suffolk-Hampshire rams to lamb in either spring (March) or fall (September). Effects of ewe breed type and lambing season on ewe fertility (ewes lambing/ewes exposed), prolificacy (lambs born/ewe lambing) and lambing date, and on lamb birth weight, 30-d survival, and average daily gain (ADG) to 55 d and to weaning were evaluated. Fertility was higher in spring than in fall (94 vs 64%, P<.01). Use of %-Finn ewes tended to increase fertility in fall lambing (69 vs 59%, P<.25) but not in spring (94 vs 93%). Use of ¼ -Finn increased prolificacy by .36 lambs; fall lambing reduced prolificacy by .49 lambs. Lambs of Western ewes were born 5 d later (P<.01) and .6 Ib heavier (P<.001) than lambs of ¼ -Finn ewes. Lamb survival and ADG to 55 d and to weaning were not affected by ewe breed. Season affected ADG: fallborn lambs grew faster to 55 d (P< .05) and to weaning (P< .001) than spring-born lambs, attributable to differences in environmental factors. Effect of weaning on growth of spring-born lambs grazing summer pasture was analyzed. Spring lambs weaned at 90 d of age to graze independently grew more slowly and were older at market weight than lambs remaining with their dams on native perennial pastures (.24 vs .42 lb/d, P<.001; 201 vs 186 d of age, P<.001). Use of millet (Pennisetum americanum [L.] Leeke) as annual mid-summer forage and turnip (Brassica rapa L.) as annual late-fall forage were investigated. Dry ewes grazing millet lost weight in one yr, but averaged .23 Ib/d gain in a second yr; weaned lambs grazing pearl millet averaged .32 lb/d gain over 2 yr. Lactating and dry ewes grazing turnip had average weight changes of -.37 and +.11 lb/d, respectively. Budgets for production systems were constructed. Variable revenues and expenses for all combinations of ewe breed type, lambing season, weaning treatment, and annual forage use were integrated into an annual production system. The most profitable production systems were those that exhibited the greatest reproductive efficiency, required the least drylot time to finish lambs, and maximized use of perennial pastures. / Master of Science

Foram utilizadas 24 ovelhas da raça Santa Inês para coleta de tecido adiposo, sendo 16 lactantes e 8 secas. Oito ovelhas lactantes foram tratadas in vivo com bST (160 mg, em duas doses em intervalo de 14 dias) iniciando a injeção subcutânea de hormônio no 13 o dia de lactação, sendo que os animais restantes receberam somente vitamina E. Outros 8 animais encontravam-se em período seco, para que fosse verificada também a diferença das taxas lipolíticas em diferentes estados fisiológicos. Foi verificada a hipótese de que ocorra uma atuação da ST através de mudança na resposta do sistema antilipolítico da proteína Gi ligada a receptores da adenosina. O tratamento com ST exógena aumentou o ganho de peso das ovelhas lactantes (P<0,05) e também o peso dos cordeiros oriundos do grupo tratado ao final do período experimental, no entanto, não foi verificado aumento na produção de leite. As concentrações de AGNE diminuíram no decorrer da lactação para os dois grupos de ovelhas lactantes, chegando no 36 º dia de lactação a concentrações similares ao do grupo de ovelhas secas. A concentração de IGF-I sérico das ovelhas aumentou após tratamento com bST, sendo 8 dias após a segunda dose do hormônio (36 dias de lactação) superior à concentração observada para ovelhas secas. A lactação não teve influência na lipólise basal entre os diferentes estados fisiológicos. Houve um aumento significativo (P<0,01) da taxa lipolítica do tecido adiposo quando estimulada por b adrenérgico (ISO) para animais em quaisquer dos estados fisiológicos. Todavia, a taxa estimulada por ISO foi significativamente (P<0,01) mais elevada no tecido das ovelhas tratadas com bST. Na presença de ADA, ocorreu um aumento da taxa em relação à basal, mas não ultrapassou àquela estimulada por isoproterenol. O estímulo lipolítico pela eliminação de adenosina no meio através da ADA apresentou-se significativamente (P<0,01) mais elevado para ovelhas lactantes, sendo este efeito amenizado pelo tratamento com bST. O uso do análogo da adenosina PIA quando colocado no meio de cultura do tecido que foi tratado in vivo com bST teve seu efeito diminuído. Os resultados indicam um aumento da taxa lipolítica em resposta a agonista b-adrenérgico no tecido adiposo do omento de ovelhas lactantes tratadas com bST in vivo, bem como confirmam a hipótese de diminuição da ação inibitória da adenosina na cascata lipolítica naquele tecido. / Bovine somatotropin (bST) treatment in vivo alters adipose tissue metabolism by enhancing lipolytic response to adrenergic agonists. We examined the impact of bST and lactation on basal and stimulated lipolytic rates with isoproterenol (ISO; 10 -5 nM), adenosine deaminase (ADA; 0.75 U/mL), ISO plus ADA in short-term (2h) incubations of ovine adipose tissue. The anti-lipolytic effect of phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA; non-hydrolyzable adenosine analog) was evaluated at various concentrations (0.5, 1.5, 3, 100 nM). Sixteen lactating Santa Ines ewes were randomly assigned to two groups. They received two s.c. injections, with a 14 day interval, starting at d 13 postpartum with either bST (160 mg) or Vitamin E (control). Eight similar nonlactating ewes received vitamin E. Omental adipose tissue biopsies were taken on d 8 after the second bST or vitamin injection. The performance of weight and milk production were taken. The serum IGF-I was analyzed. The lipolytic rate was determined by NEFA release in serum and media as mEq of oleic acid.2h -1 g -1 tissue. Basal lipolytic rates did not change with lactation or with bST treatment in vivo (P>0,05). ISO stimulated lipolytic rate increased compared to basal and was higher for the adipose tissue from lactating ewes treated with bST (P<0,01).The lipolytic rate for adipose incubated with ADA was higher than basal for lactating ewes, with the greater response for the control. The ADA treated tissue from lactating ewes receiving bST showed intermediate lipolytic rates. Maximum lipolytic rate with ISO+ADA was also higher for lactating ewes treated with bST (P<0.01), and there was no difference between lactating and nonlactating ewes. The PIA effects were evaluated by the inhibition of ISO+ADA lipolysis, and adipose tissue from lactating ewes treated with bST showed a reduced response to PIA. The results demonstrate that in vivo somatotropin treatment increases maximal lipolytic rates stimulated by adrenergic agonist and decreases the antilipolytic effect of PIA in omental adipose tissue in ewes.

Na década de 60, começaram a ser utilizadas técnicas e sincronização do estro, e durante os últimos trinta anos tem sido despertado o interesse do desenvolvimento de métodos para sincronizar o estro de ovelhas. Na maioria das vezes a IA está associada à um protocolo de sincronização do estro podendo assim ser realizada a Inseminação Artificial em Tempo Fixo (IATF). Três experimentos foram realizados com objetivo de avaliar a influência do efeito macho e tipos de rufião, reutilização do dispositivo e o método de inseminação utilizado, na sincronização do estro através do uso de dispositivos intra-vaginais (CIDR®- Control Internal Drog Release), associado com a aplicação intramuscular de eCG e PGF2 , sobre a taxa detecção e tempo médio para aparecimento do estro, taxa de prenhez na IATF e no primeiro estro após a sincronização. Exp. I: Foram utilizadas 270 ovelhas, separadas em três tratamentos: SM = (controle) sem rufiões; DL= recebeu rufiões com Desvio lateral peniano e o VS= recebeu rufiões vasectomizados. Os tratamentos foram submetidos ao mesmo protocolo, CIDR® por 7d, aplicação de 300UI de eCG e 6,71 mg de Dinoprost trometamina, na retirada do CIDR. As ovelhas foram submetidas a IATF pelo método transcervical em 55h após a retirada do CIDR. EXP.II: Foram utilizadas 275 ovelhas, divididas em 4 tratamentos: 7N= 7d com CIDR novo; 7U= 7d com CIDR já usado por 7d; 11N= 11d com CIDR novo; 11U= 11d com CIDR já usado por 7d. No dia da retirada do CIDR (D7 ou D11) foi realizada a aplicação de 300 UI de eCG e 6,71 mg de Dinoprost trometamina. As ovelhas foram submetidas a IATF pelo método transcervical, 49h após a retirada do CIDR. Exp.III: Foram utilizadas 247 ovelhas, divididas em 4 tratamentos: MN= as ovelhas foram sincronizadas e submetidas a monta natural com carneiros; IATF = as ovelhas foram submetidas a IATF por laparoscopia 48h após a retirada do CIDR; IATF+GnRH= as ovelhas foram submetidas a IATF por laparoscopia + 0,05 mg de Gonadorelina, quando 50% das ovelhas apresentaram sinais de estro; IA= as ovelhas foram inseminadas por laparoscopia no sistema AM/PM, 12h após o início dos sinais de estro. Todos os tratamentos foram submetidos ao mesmo protocolo, CIDR por 11 dias, aplicação de 300UI de eCG e 6,31 mg de Dinoprost trometamina, na retirada do CIDR. Nos experimentos I e II as ovelhas foram submetidas ao repasse com carneiros por 20 dias. O delineamento utilizado foi de blocos incompletos ao acaso, analisados pelo teste do Qui-quadrado e Tukey (estro). A taxa de detecção de estro no tratamento IATF (exp. III) foi de 59,7% sendo menor que os demais tratamentos (P<0,05). A taxa de prenhez da sincronização do tratamento MN (61,1%), foi maior (P<0,05) que os tratamentos IATF e IATF+GnRH. A inseminação artificial transcervical apresentou resultados médios que variaram de 21 a 35% e não apresentaram diferença (P>0,05). O efeito macho e o tipo de macho não apresentaram diferença na IATF. O protocolo de 11 dias, mostrou-se eficiente em induzir o estro em 79% das ovelhas sincronizadas. A IA realizada 12h após o estro propiciou, índice de prenhez semelhante à monta natural, proveniente do estro sincronizado. / In the 60s, estrus synchronization techniques began to be used, and during the last 30 years has attracted the interest of developing new methods to synchronize estrus in ewes. Three experiments were performed to determine: I) influence of male effect and type of teaser; II) Effect of new and used CIDR® (Control Internal Drug Release) with different time of implant; III) Different time to perform IA after CIDR removal and comparison of laparoscopy method with natural breed, on heat detection and onset of estrus and pregnancy rate of ewes. Exp. I: 270 ewes were used, divided into three treatments: SM = (control) without teaser; DL = teaser with lateral penis deviation and VS = vasectomized teaser. All ewes were subjected to the same protocol: CIDR® for 7 days and received im. 300UI of eCG plus 6.71 mg tromethamine dinoprost at CIDR withdrawal. Ewes were artificially inseminated by transcervical method, 55h after CIDR removal. There was no difference on onset of estrus for LD (55.7%) and VS (50.5%). Similarly, the distribution of estrus was similar (P>0.05) between treatments, where the averages were of 45:01 ± 14:30 h for LD 12:10 h and 44:00 ± 12:10h for VS. Pregnancy rate did not differ (P> 0.05) among treatments and was 34.0, 34.4 and 35.0% for LD, VS and SM, respectively. The male effect showed no influence on pregnancy rate when fixed-time artificial insemination was used. EXP.II: 275 ewes were used and divided into 4 treatments: 7N = 7d with new CIDR; 7U = 7d with already used CIDR for 7d; 11N = 11d with new CIDR; 11U = 11d with CIDR already used for 7d. On the withdrawal of the CIDR (D7 or D11) ewes received im. 300IU of eCG plus 6.71 mg tromethamine dinoprost at the time of CIDR removal. Ewes were submitted to FTAI, using the transcervical method, 49h after CIDR withdrawal. Total pregnancy rate in treatment 11N was higher (86.6%, P = 0.03) as compared with treatment 7U (71.4%). The protocols for estrus synchronization of 7 and 11d were effective in inducing the expression of estrus. The reuse of CIDR did not influence the rate of onset and average time to onset of estrus and pregnancy rate in the FTAI. Exp.III: 247 ewes were used and divided in four treatments: MN = ewes were synchronized and exposed to males during 20d; IATF = ewes were synchronized and inseminated by laparoscopy 48h after CIDR removal; AITF+GnRH= ewes were synchronized and inseminated by laparoscopy using 0.05 mg gonadorelin, when 50% of the ewes showed signs of estrus; AI = ewes received im. 300IU of eCG plus 6.71 mg tromethamine dinoprost at the time of CIDR removal and were inseminated by laparoscopy, 12h after the onset of signs of estrus. All treatments were subjected to the same protocol: CIDR for 11 days, intramuscular injection of 300UI of eCG plus 6.31 mg tromethamine dinoprost at CIDR removal. In all experiments ewes were exposed to rams (natural breeding), 10 days after FTAI. The experimental design was an incomplete randomized block, analyzed by chi- square and Tukey (estrus). The rate of detection of estrus in the treatment AITF (exp.III) was 59.7%, being lower than the other treatments (P <0.05). The pregnancy rate of the synchronization treatment MN (61.1%) was higher (P <0.05) that the treatments AITF and AITF+GnRH.Transcervical artificial insemination had average results that ranged from 21 to 35% and showed no difference (P> 0.05). The purpose and type of ram showed no difference in the AITF. The protocol of 11d, was effective in inducing estrus in the 79% of ewes synchronized. The IA conducted 12h after estrus provided, similar to pregnancy rate of natural builders, after the synchronization of estrus.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-09T14:23:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jomel Francisco dos Santos.pdf: 1033055 bytes, checksum: 0882131c9f37caac6cc396d21eb8c175 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T14:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jomel Francisco dos Santos.pdf: 1033055 bytes, checksum: 0882131c9f37caac6cc396d21eb8c175 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-03 / Joint contractures are a severe complication of joint injuries that can permanently limit the extremity function. Current treatments for contractures in humans have little effect and there is an obvious need for clarification of the pathophysiology of this chronic and disabling dysfunction. Sheep joint is a promising model for the investigation of normal and pathologic states by the similarity with the biomechanics of certain human joints. The aim of this study was to investigate by the techniques of immunohistochemistry and cytochemistry the presence of key components for the development of joint contractures in sheep and to evaluate the potential of this species as an experimental model to study this disease. Therefore, we used 15 knee joint capsules of healthy Santa Inês ewes to identify myofibroblasts and mast cells. For investigation of myofibroblasts was performed immunohistochemical technique. Following histologic routine preparation, the antigen retrieval was performed by heating in citrate, followed by peroxidases blockage, blocking nonspecific protein and then primary antibody was incubated. After the secondary antibody was added to the cuts, and DAB chromogen was added. Slides were counterstained with Harris Hematoxylin and mounted. In cytochemical technique was applied the stain Toluidine Blue to disclosure mast cells. Analysis of the cuts was made under a light microscope. Positive controls of myofibroblasts (ovine cervix) and mast cells (umbilical cord) were stained satisfactorily by the standard techniques. In joint capsules, α-SMA protein was observed in the wall of arteries and rare myofibroblasts were observed in each section, as well as few mast cells were scored. Other studies about ovine joint capsule injuries must be conducted to confirm the presence of myofibroblasts and the development of joint contracture. / As contraturas articulares são complicações severas de doenças articulares que podem limitar permanentemente a função de extremidades. Os tratamentos atuais para contratura em seres humanos têm pouca eficácia e há uma evidente necessidade de esclarecimento sobre a patofisiologia dessa disfunção crônica e incapacitante. A articulação do ovino é um modelo promissor para a investigação dos estados normais e patológicos, pela semelhança com a biomecânica de determinadas articulações humanas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar por meio das técnicas de imuno-histoquímica e citoquímica a presença de componentes-chave para o desenvolvimento da contratura articular na espécie ovina e avaliar a potencialidade desta espécie como modelo experimental para estudo desta patologia. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 15 cápsulas articulares de joelhos de ovelhas Santa Inês sadias para localização de miofibroblastos e mastócitos. Para investigação de miofibroblastos foi realizada a técnica de imuno-histoquímica. Após a preparação para rotina histológica, a recuperação antigênica foi realizada por aquecimento em citrato, seguida pelo bloqueio das peroxidades, bloqueio de proteínas inespecíficas e então, o anticorpo primário foi incubado. Após, o anticorpo secundário foi acrescentado aos cortes, e o cromógeno DAB foi adicionado. As lâminas foram contracoradas com Hematoxilina de Harris e montadas. Na técnica citoquímica, foi aplicada a coloração de Azul de Toluidina para evidenciação dos mastócitos. As análises dos cortes foram feitas em microscópio de luz. Os controles positivos da pesquisa de α-SMA (cérvix ovina) e de mastócitos (cordão umbilical) foram marcados ou corados satisfatoriamente pelas respectivas técnicas. Nas cápsulas articulares, a proteína foi observada na parede de artérias e raros miofibroblastos foram observados em cada corte, assim como poucos mastócitos foram corados. Outros estudos sobre lesões de cápsula articular de ovinos devem ser conduzidos para confirmar a presença de miofibroblastos e o desenvolvimento da contratura articular.