Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:31:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_ana_berne.pdf: 2199093 bytes, checksum: 8e27f9fa1c22e061e919175c81aa8bb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-30 / The enteroparasitosis remains as an important public health problem in children in the Brazil, showing variable prevalence, according to the State and evaluated population. Studies with day-care center children are scarce, however, already knows that the exposure of the children in these places increased the susceptibility to parasitosis. Among the parasitosis the protozoary Giardia lamblia is responsible for severe diarrhea cases in children and the routine diagnosis methods presents many false negative results. The aim of this study was investigate the enteroparasitosis prevalence in children from a day-care public center of Rio Grande county, Rio Grande do Sul State and compare diagnosis techniques in samples of their fecal material to Giardia lamblia , the ELISA immunoassay and the centrifugal-sedimentation methods. 165 fecal samples where evaluated and processed by centrifugal-sedimentation and centrifugal-flotation methods, stained by trichromium and Kinyoun after the concentration by centrifugal-sedimentation. The general prevalence of enteroparasitosis was 64,2% (106/165). The most prevalent nematods species founded was Trichuris trichiura (24,2%) and Ascaris lumbricoides (22,4%) and the the most prevalent protozoary specie was Giardia lamblia (30,3%). The presence of opportunists coccids where also registered Cryptosporidium spp. (2,4%) and Isospora belli (0,6%). Among the positives 56,6% (60 samples) showed simple infection and 43,4% (46 samples) showed associated infection. The presence of non pathogenic protozoary like Entamoeba coli (15,2%), Endolimax nana (3,6%) and Enteromonas hominis (4,8%), indicated environmental fecal source contamination. The higher prevalence of nematods and protozoary in the studied population suggests the necessity of implementation of educational measures to prevent these enteroparasites. In the evaluation of comparative diagnosis of G. lamblia a higher positivity was verified in the ELISA technique 57% (90/158), followed by the centrifugal-sedimentation method 27,8% (44/158). The obtained results in this study suggests that is higher the prevalence of nematods and protozoary in the evaluated children and the ELISA technique to detect antigen in fecal sample showed higher efficiency to giardiasis diagnosis. / As enteroparasitoses ainda constituem um importante problema de saúde pública em crianças no Brasil, com prevalências bastante variáveis, conforme a região e população avaliada. Estudos com crianças que freqüentam creches são escassos, entretanto, sabe-se que nestes ambientes, as crianças estão mais expostas as parasitoses, dentre as quais o protozoário Giardia lamblia que é responsável por quadros graves de diarréia em crianças e os métodos de rotina utilizados no diagnóstico levam a muitos casos de falso-negativos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a prevalência de enteroparasitos em crianças de uma creche pública do Rio Grande, cidade portuária, localizada na região sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul e comparar a técnica de ELISA (kit comercial Giardia II) com os métodos de centrífugo-flutuação e centrífugo- sedimentação para o diagnóstico de G. lamblia em fezes de crianças. Primeiramente foram avaliadas 165 amostras de fezes de processadas pelo método de centrífugo-sedimentação e centrífugo-flutuação e pelas colorações de tricrômio e de Kinyoun. A prevalência geral de enteroparasitos foi de 64,2% (106/165). Os nematódeos mais prevalentes foram Trichuris trichiura (24,2%) e Ascaris lumbricoides (22,4%) e o protozoário mais prevalente foi G. lamblia (30,3%). Também foram registradas as presenças dos coccídeos oportunistas Cryptosporidium (2,4%) e Isospora belli (0,6%). Dentre os positivos, 56,6% (60) apresentaram infecção simples e 43,4% (46) associadas. Constatou-se também a presença de protozoários não patogênicos, como Entamoeba coli (15,2%), Endolimax nana (3,6%) e Enteromonas hominis (4,8%), que indicou contaminação de origem fecal do ambiente. A alta prevalência de nematódeos e protozoários na população estudada sugere a necessidade de implementação de medidas educacionais, visando a prevenção destes enteroparasitos. Na avaliação do diagnóstico comparativo de G. lamblia foi verificado maior positividade para a técnica de ELISA, 57% (90/158), seguido do método de centrifugo-flutuação, 30,3% (48/158) e centrífugo-sedimentação, 27,8% (44/158). A partir dos resultados obtidos no presente estudo pode-se concluir que é alta a prevalência de nematódeos e protozoários nas crianças avaliadas e que a técnica de ELISA para detectar antígenos nas fezes é mais eficiente que os métodos de centrífugo-flutuação e centrifugo-sedimentação, podendo, portanto, ser utilizada, tanto no diagnóstico individual como em estudos epidemiológicos da giardíase.

Consummation was the one term about which Kenneth Burke wasn't particularly long-winded - odd considering his claim that it was the apex of his theory of form. Perhaps Burke never explained exactly what consummation was because he himself was never clear on the subject, as he told John Woodcock in an interview toward the end of his career. Burke began conceptualizing his theory of form early on - in his 20s - and published it in his first critical book, Counter-Statement, in 1931. At that time, Burke's theory of form had already taken one evolutionary step - from self-expression, with the focus on the artist, to communication, with the focus on the psychology of the reader. Communication was to Burke an "arousing and fulfilling of desires." However, by the 60s, Burke introduced us to a new term which he only used a handful of times in his entire corpus: consummation. This paper attempts to define consummation by exploring Burke's theory of form and looking to his correspondences with friends and scholars. It offers two answers: first, consummation is the act of a reader responding to a writer in critical conversation; second, consummation is the ultimate cathartic achievement. Both play an important civic role. Using current science regarding the gut in connection with emotional purgation, this paper treats seriously Burke's essay "The Thinking of the Body (Comments on the Imagery of Catharsis in Literature)" and his ideas regarding the "Demonic Trinity": micturition, defecation, and parturition, explaining Burkean catharsis as it differs from, deepens, and extends Aristotelian catharsis. What can we learn from what Burke meant by consummation? That the symbolic world is much more significant to our survival than we may realize. As the world of scientific motion advanced rapidly during Burke's lifetime, he began to lose hope that symbolic action could keep up with it. We can see how important poetry and the symbolic motive was for him; he seemed to think it was a matter of life and death. This paper explores what it meant for Burke to seek a consummated life, and the implications that held for him and for us. In the end, the paper posits the importance of catharsis to society in terms of war and peace.