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Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-02-16T12:22:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Amilson Melo Santos.pdf: 45821876 bytes, checksum: 621ba7cd540cae1cc272dbc44f982714 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T12:22:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Amilson Melo Santos.pdf: 45821876 bytes, checksum: 621ba7cd540cae1cc272dbc44f982714 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-31 / The present work has as scope the costing of the social security subsystem, focusing on four aspects: (i) the importance of the principles for the stability of the systems; (Ii) principles that structure the social security system, particularly the social security subsystem; (Iii) the contributory arm of this subsystem; And, (iv) the social security exemptions that most interfere with the costing of the social security subsystem. The criterion used to select the most impressive exemptions was the amount of exemption. Although the General Social Security System (RGPS) is the subject of our work, we do not intend to further discuss the economic and financial aspects of this regime. We will deal with the following aspects: principles-related, more broadly; Passing through the constitutional principles of social security that are closely related to the costing of the system; Reaching the principles closest to social security; The exemption social security figures - immunity and exemption; And specifically, whether these exemptions affect the effectiveness of the social security subsystem. We will then propose a succinct and assertive approach to social security exemptions, in order to find the answer to the central question of this work, namely: do social security exemptions jeopardize the effectiveness of the social security subsystem? The answer to this question will contribute to the perception of the importance of respecting in full the principles of social security. By securing this system of the necessary financial resources, its fundamental mission will be achieved - realizing the ideals of well-being and social justice (ultimate goals of the social order). The research method used was the deductive one, since it was erected from an increasingly developed reasoning, that is, from the more general aspects that the theme entails for the more specific ones / O presente trabalho tem por escopo o custeio do subsistema previdenciário, focando em quatro vertentes: (i) a importância dos princípios para a estabilidade dos sistemas; (ii) princípios que estruturam o sistema de seguridade social, particularmente, o subsistema previdenciário; (iii) o braço contributivo desse subsistema; e (iv) as exonerações previdenciárias que mais interferem no custeio do subsistema previdenciário. O critério utilizado para selecionar as exonerações mais impactantes foi o de montante exonerado. Embora seja objeto de nossa pesquisa, exclusivamente, o Regime Geral de Previdência Social – RGPS, não pretendemos aprofundar a discussão sobre o aspecto econômico-financeiro desse regime. Trataremos dos aspectos relacionados aos princípios, de uma forma mais ampla, bem como abordaremos os princípios constitucionais da seguridade social que guardam estreita relação com o custeio do sistema, para, enfim, chegar aos princípios mais próximos da previdência social, às figuras exonerativas previdenciárias – imunidade e isenção – e, especificamente, se essas exonerações afetam a efetividade do subsistema previdenciário. Proporemos, então, uma abordagem sucinta e assertiva das figuras exonerativas previdenciárias, com vistas a buscar resposta à pergunta central deste trabalho, qual seja: as exonerações previdenciárias comprometem a efetividade do subsistema previdenciário? A resposta a esta questão colaborará para a percepção da importância do respeito, na íntegra, aos princípios da seguridade social. Ao guarnecer esse sistema dos recursos financeiros necessários, sua missão fundamental será alcançada – concretizar os ideários de bem-estar e justiça social (objetivos últimos da ordem social). O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o dedutivo, vez que erigido de um raciocínio desenvolvido de forma focalizada, ou seja, partindo dos aspectos mais gerais que o tema comporta em direção aos mais específicos

The majority of information related to the postprison experiences of exonerated individuals is frequently found in reports by journalists, or based on the findings of scholars on systematic factors that contribute to wrongful incarcerations. There is a lack of social science research on the unexplored meanings and essence of the postprison lived experiences of exonerees exclusively from their perspectives. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand and describe the postprison lived experiences of exonerated individuals, 1 year or longer after their prison release. The conceptual framework was guided by Tajfel's social identity theory and Becker's social reaction theory. Interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 8 exonerated males who were released from prison 1 year or longer. The data were analyzed using van Kaam's 7-step phenomenological analysis process as modified by Moustakas. The 7 themes that emerged from the data were employment and financial challenges, negative societal reaction, broken family relationships, unresolved emotional and psychological factors, self-imposed social isolation, role of family support, and resilience. Understanding the experiences of exonerees contribute to positive social change by providing knowledge to policymakers and others in the criminal justice system to assist in creating policies to expunge the records of exonerees without the necessity of litigation. Findings from this study also provide valuable insights on the need to offer monetary compensation and social services assistance to exonerees in all U.S. states to help in their reintegration experiences as they transition into their communities.

With criminal cases continuing to be exonerated across the United States, research must be done on the subject to advance current practices to reduce its occurrence in the future. This study combines county population data with the National Registry of Exonerations to analyze the contributing factors to wrongful convictions and the possible effect of population on their frequency. The objective of this study was to identify specific policy changes based on the five contributing factors to wrongful convictions that could be applied to population specific areas. The results yielded multiple patterns that are discussed thoroughly. These findings allowed the introduction of policy changes and proposals for future research.