本研究以研究發展費用作為專利的投入變數，以專利數作為專利的產出數量變數，以平均專利範圍及平均專利發明人數作為專利的產出品質變數，使用長期間與大範圍的台灣樣本來探討專利資訊與企業財務績效之關連性，並透過專利資訊的使用者-分析師的觀點來判別哪些專利資訊是資訊使用者眼中的攸關資訊。研究結果發現大量的專利並不會對企業未來盈餘有明顯助益，擁有高品質的專利才是對企業未來盈餘有所助益的關鍵因素，研究結果亦發現分析師在進行盈餘預測時，並未適當的利用專利產出品質與專利產出數量資訊，且這些未經適當利用的專利資訊會增加盈餘預測誤差。故本研究建議資訊揭露相關準則及法規可針對專利資訊給予更完整、更透明的揭露。 / Patent’s value is hard to accurately identify under current generally accepted accounting principles. This paper uses firms in the Taiwan Stock Exchange to investigate the association of firm’s patents, future financial performance and the information used in analysts’ earnings forecasts. The patents were measured by the proxies of R&D expenditures, granted patents, patent claims and the number of patent inventors. The evidences show that possessing a large number of patents does not help future financial performance, but granting high quality patents does. The evidences also show that analysts do not appropriately use the information provided by patents, and this truly causes analysts’ forecast errors. Therefore, I suggest giving patents clearer and more complete disclosure, so that investors can obtain more value-relevant information.

Bank capital has a critical role in banking business the world over. Capital is a principal aspect of regulation and will determine how long a bank remains in business from a regulatory point of view. Its cost and the regulatory amount have an impact on the competitiveness of an institution and will influence the rate of expansion of a bank. The contribution of capital to the profitability and survival of a commercial bank remain an unresolved empirical issue. Prior research on the relationship between capital and profitability has largely focused on developed economies, especially the USA, and Europe. However, the results have been inconclusive. There is no evidence of such kind of a research done to date that focuses on an emerging economy such as South Africa. The seemingly conflicting finding coupled with regulations imposing equity capital adequacy from the Basel 11 Accord present an opportune platform for further research on the relationship between capital and profitability. Using South Africa as a unit of analysis and using the Generalised Methods of Moments (GMM), and Panel Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) or Pooled IV method as the estimation techniques, this study tested the hypothesis that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between bank capital and profitability. The results from the study provide evidence of a positive relationship between capital ratio (CAR), return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA) and supported the generally held notion that there is a positive relationship between bank capital and profitability. This research output provided new insights into the long-run impact of bank capital on profitability and survival. From a bank specific strategic decision-making perspective, this would assist financial institutions and investors in tailoring investment decisions in response to policy decisions that relate to bank capital. From the public policy perspective, this would assist both governments and regulators in formulating better- informed policy decisions regarding the importance of bank capital. / Business Management / D. Com. (Business Management)

L’objectif de ce travail est de questionner l’œuvre de l’écrivain français Georges Bataille (1897-1962) pour déterminer si elle permet ou non d’apporter de nouveaux points de vue ou de nouvelles voies de résolution des problèmes posés en sciences de gestion. Les textes sollicités sont d’abord les essais théoriques, mais aussi certaines œuvres de fiction. Ceux qui sont à l’origine de la notion de « dépense », centrale pour l’ensemble de l’œuvre, les articles correspondant aux diverses activités groupales dans les années 1930, les essais de La Somme Athéologique pendant la guerre et ceux de La Part maudite après-guerre sont examinés. On montre alors que les « notions » que ces textes mettent en jeu, qui témoignent d’une anthropologie déchirée (dépense productive / dépense improductive, homogène / hétérogène, souveraineté, communication, interdit / transgression, possible / impossible…), peuvent ouvrir des pistes de recherche dans de nombreux thèmes de sciences de gestion : le pouvoir, la culture d’entreprise, la criminalité dans les organisations, le changement organisationnel, le sens du travail, l’éthique, l’épistémologie, les rapports entre le management et les sociétés, la sexualité dans les organisations…Trois notions de Bataille (dépense, souveraineté, communication) sont ensuite sollicitées pour analyser en détail les problèmes posés par la « gestion » des risques psychosociaux. Huit cas d’organisations servent de support à l’analyse.Au final, la thèse conclut à la pertinence du recours à la pensée de Bataille pour conduire des recherches en management. / The goal of this thesis is to question the work of the French author Georges Bataille (1897-1962) to determine whether it can bring new points of view or new attempts at solving the issues raised by management sciences. The texts which were studied are primarily theoretical essays, but also some works of fiction. Those which are at the origin of the notion of “expense”, a central notion in the entire work, the articles which correspond to various group activities in the 30’s, the essays of La Somme Athéologique during the war, as well as those of La Part maudite, after the war, were also examined. We then show that the “notions” these texts illustrate, which reflect a torn anthropology (productive/unproductive expense, homogenous/heterogenous, sovereignty, communication, interdiction/transgression, possible/impossible…), can open fields of research in numerous topics associated with management sciences: power, corporate culture, crime within organisations, organisational changes, the meaning of work, ethics, epistemology, the relationship between management and societies, sexuality in organisations…Three of Bataille’s notions (expense, sovereignty, communication) are then called upon to analyse in detail the problems raised when managing psychosocial risks. Eight case studies of organisations back up the demonstration.Finally, the thesis concludes that it is pertinent to refer to Bataille’s thinking when conducting management research.

In this thesis the focus is on the analysis of the option of drawing financial means from the European Union's funds to finance the development activities of municipalities. Financial options of drawing these means is not equal to all municipalities. The theoretical part focuses on the basic concepts and gives a better idea of the conditions of the functioning of municipalities in the Czech Republic. In the following practical part, the structure, territory and municipality budget is further analysed in detail, of MČ Praha -- Slivenec and Dolní Břežany. The practical part is finished with the comparison municipalities in three areas analyzed in detail.

This diploma thesis deals with the tax reliefs, focusing on direct taxes in the Czech Republic. First, I have chosen those tax reliefs that have a social element. The thesis deals with their evolution and their comparison with other countries. Furthermore, the thesis examines the tax reliefs in more detail in terms of their objectives, utilization, and efficiency conditions. This is achieved with using various tax load indicators and effective taxation, comparing costs and additionally also the views of experts. Generally, however, this issue lacks a comprehensive study and analysis, and thus also the particular data. Tax reliefs along with social benefits constitute a redistribution system. Their costs and impacts are different. At the beginning of the writing of this thesis, I thought that the tax system should primarily be transparent, simple, focusing on its primary fiscal function and should therefore be free of social politics. I have, however, changed my opinion, because it has turned out that the social tax elements have their positive specifics that are difficult and expensive to transport to the system of direct benefits.

This diploma thesis "A Performance Comparison of in Czech Republic available mutual funds and ETFs from the view of CZK investor" elaborates on collective investing in Czech Republic; focusing on mutual funds and their exchange traded alternatives in ETFs. In the thesis, a history of Czech collective investments' development is briefly mentioned and of ETFs' beginnings in the US, also a legislative framework for the mutual funds in CZ is shortly discussed; furthermore, different approaches to fund classification based on various criteria are provided. An impact of fund fees and expenses is also analysed. A Current situation on the capital market of funds and ETFs and its trends are showed in many graphs and tables. In the second part of the thesis, author introduces not only the basic ones but also the more sophisticated methods of portfolio's or fund's performance measurements, including yields, risks, risk-adjusted yields etc... The third and last chapter aims at application of the previously mentioned methods on a selection of 20 funds and ETFs; therefore building a financial model enabling that. The analysis is viewed as from the CZK investor, thus all calculations are made in CZK.

The thesis is concerned with the analysis of the option of drawing financial means from the European Union's funds to finance the development activities of municipalities. Thanks to the membership of the Czech Republic in the European Union, the municipalities may draw the subsidies to increase not only their own standard of living, but also of the whole region. After classifying the basic terms focused on the public administration, the municipality budget is introduced in more detail as well as the options for subsidies on various levels of public administration, especially through the structural funds of the European Union. The practical part of the thesis makes a more detailed analysis of the budget of the Boží Dar municipality between 2006 and 2012, including the interview survey-based assessment of the impact of implemented projects on the whole municipality as well as the businesses there.

El presente trabajo se enfoca en la mejora de la calidad concerniente a los elementos estructurales de un centro comercial, a efectos de reducir y minimizar las No Conformidades más relevantes que se presentaron en obra. El proyecto se basó en la construcción y ampliación de locatarios de un centro comercial que tendrá como fin su alquiler. Mediante la aplicación del Análisis Causa Raíz y con las herramientas de diagrama de Ishikawa y diagrama de Pareto, se pudo encontrar las posibles causas del incumplimiento de la calidad en los elementos estructurales, las que subsecuente se validaron a fin de determinar acciones correctivas. En el primer capítulo se señala el planteamiento del problema, problemas principales, secundarios, justificación del estudio, limitación y los objetivos generales y específicos. En el Segundo Capitulo se señala el marco teórico, donde menciona la calidad en el Perú, la gestión de la calidad total, los costos de la calidad en la construcción, ingeniería de la calidad y definiciones. En el tercer capítulo se indica la utilización del Análisis Causa Raíz, las herramientas Diagrama Causa Efecto y Diagrama de Pareto. En el cuarto capítulo, se presenta el desarrollo del análisis de causa raíz mediante una secuencia de pasos. En el quinto capítulo, La Evaluación Económica, Presupuesto de obra, Costo de Reparación y Análisis del Gasto Incurrido. Finalmente, en el capítulo seis, se presentará las conclusiones y recomendaciones del presente trabajo. / This work focuses on quality improvement concerning the structural elements of a shopping center, in order to reduce and minimize the most relevant Non-Conformities that occurred on site. The project was based on the construction and expansion of tenants of a shopping center that will be rented as its purpose. By applying the Root Cause Analysis and using the Ishikawa diagram and Pareto diagram tools, it was possible to find the possible causes of quality noncompliance in the structural elements, which were subsequently validated in order to determine corrective actions. In the first chapter the problem statement, main and secondary problems, justification for the study, limitation and general and specific objectives are indicated. In the Second Chapter the theoretical framework is pointed out, where it mentions the quality in Peru, the total quality management, the costs of quality in construction, quality engineering and definitions. The third chapter indicates the use of Root Cause Analysis, the Cause Effect Diagram and Pareto Diagram tools. In the fourth chapter, the development of root cause analysis is presented using a sequence of steps. In the fifth chapter, The Economic Evaluation, Construction Budget, Repair Cost and Incurred Expense Analysis. Finally, in chapter six, the conclusions and recommendations of this work will be presented. / Trabajo de investigación

This diploma´s thesis is focusing on financial management of the construction order. First part of diploma´s thesis is dealing with financial management, financial analysis and management options. The practical part discusses financial plan, economic results and financial analysis of particular construction orders, which are evaluated within one year. The objective of the thesis aims to analyze impacts on the operating economy and evaluate construction contract in context of a construction company. The result is to evaluate financial analyses of construction orders and company´s too.

This Thesis deals with Evulation of the Financial Situations in the Firm ZDAR, Inc. Selected Methods of Financial Analysis have been used during Evulation. Based on Performing of this Analysis have been suggested some Steps to improve Financial Situation of this Enterprise.