Spelling suggestions: "subject:"export aprocessing zones"" "subject:"export aprocessing jones""
21 |
The roles and determinants of foreign investment in the development of special economic zones the case of Shenzhen /Chan, Andrew André Chun-Kwan. January 1991 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Manitoba, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 273-316).
|
22 |
Is EPZ employment a stepping stone or a stumbling block for the empoerment of women? Evidence from MauritiusPeedoly, Aveeraj Sharma 06 1900 (has links)
This study critically assesses how far the Mauritian EPZ, which consists of a
predominantly female workforce, is conducive to women’s empowerment, particularly in
a context of rife global competition. Focus Group Discussions with actual female
workers and semi-directive interviews of those who have been laid off reveal that there
have effectively been some benefits which may be construed as empowerment.
However, low wages and harsh treatment of workers at the workplace, compounded with
rising costs of living and pervasive patriarchal values impede the extent of empowerment.
Yet, when contrasted with the experiences of laid off women, the centrality of
employment becomes more palpable. The experiences of job loss are in many cases
destructive of not only the laid-off worker’s self-image and aspirations, but also on their
ability to juggle with poverty and its associated outcomes. Despite being a relatively
difficult sector to work in, its benefits outweigh its limitations. / Sociology / MA (Social Science)
|
23 |
The effectiveness of export processing zones : the case of ZambiaGondwe, Kasonde Lwao 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / Export processing zones (EPZs) are policy instruments that are aimed at achieving the goal of economic development through boosting the manufacturing industry in a bid to increase and promote export. This is achieved by setting up or designating various areas or warehouses as free zones in which an environment that is friendly to manufacturing for exports, is established. Incentives such as tax exemptions for the import of required raw materials are given in these zones. EPZs are also known by other names but the most commonly used are free trade zones, industrial free zones, maquiladoras, export free zones, duty-free export processing zones, free zones and privileged zones, to mention a few.
Similar to many other developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), Zambia has a bias towards export orientation as a tool of economic development. This culminated in the formulation of EPZ legislation in 2001. The EPZ act was similar to EPZ legislation in various other countries and provided for the development of an industrial park in which manufacturing for export purposes would take place for both the public and the private sector. After awarding a few companies EPZ status, the government abandoned the act and embarked on more research, resulting in the development of the multi-facility economic zone (MFEZ) in 2007.
Recognition of the role of non-traditional exports (NTEs) in increasing export earnings has been important in the justification for EPZ’s development in the country. There has been a drive to attract investment into this sector by means of export-promoting policies. However, and notwithstanding the fact that numerous cost benefit studies have been undertaken to determine actual benefits of zone erection, Zambia has not yet undertaken a comprehensive synopsis of the country’s specific policies which would need to be established in order for the zone to be successful.
|
24 |
An evaluative analysis of industrial development zones and export processing zones with reference to the Coega Industrial Development ZoneBrand, Daleen 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis ((MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa is experiencing similar problems as those occurring in other developing
countries. Such problems include: large scale poverty; unequal regional development;
inefficient policies; fragmented transport systems. The list goes on. This is largely
due to apartheid policiesthat were implemented.
After 1994 a series of new policies and programmes was implemented. Their aim
was to eradicate apartheid planning; to provide equal and fair development for
everyone and to stimulate and boost the economy. The Reconstruction and
Development Programme (RDP) was the first policy of its kind, followed by the
Growth, Employment and Redistribution programme (GEAR). The aim of these two
policies was to stimulate the economy, especially in areas where there is a need for
an economic boost. This ultimately led to programmes such as the Spatial
Development Initiative (SDI); Local Economic Development and Export Processing
Zones or as they are better known in South Africa, Industrial Development Zones.
Programmes or initiative such as these were aimed at boosting the economy,
providing employment and utilising resources in a region. This is the shift that has
taken place in development planning, from traditional regional policies towards
incentive driven policiesthat try to attract investment into under-developed regions.
Programmessuch as Industrial Development Zones however have a long history, not
all of it positive. These zones have been known as sweatshops and that they use
child labour. The largest problem of these zones is that labour legislation is almost
non-existent.
In 2001 South Africa declared Coega the first Industrial Development Zone in the
country. The zone will link to the Spatial Development Initiative programme that
was implemented in 1996. An uproar followed when labour organisations such as
COSATUlearned that the government is going to use Industrial Development Zones,
which are similar to Export ProcessingZones, to stimulate the economy and to solve
the problem of unemployment in specific areas of the country. However the labour legislation of South Africa will be applied in the Industrial
Development Zones. That just leaves the problem of efficiency and effectiveness.
Will these zones really address and solve the employment problems in South Africa?
Zones such as those in Mauritius have been a success, but there are cases where the
zones did not create employment and more money was spend on putting in the
infrastructure and services in the zones, than was made in the zone. Time will be the
judge in the case of Coega Industrial Development Zone. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika ondervind basies dieselfde probleme as wat ander onderontwikkelde
lande ondervind. Die probleme sluit in: grootskaalse armoede; ongelyke
streekontwikkeling; ondoeltreffende beleide. Die probleem spruit grootliks uit die
apartheidsbeleide.
Na 1994 is daar egter 'n reeks van nuwe beleide en programme geïmplementeer.
Die beleide moes apartheidsbeplanning uitwis; moes gelyke ontwikkeling aan almal
voorsien en die ekonomie stimuleer. Die Heropbou- en Ontwikkelingsprogram was
een van die eerste beleide, en is gevolg deur die "Growth, Employment and
Redistribution" program. Die twee beleide se doel was om die ekonomie te stimuleer,
veral in gebiede waar daar 'n behoefte aan ekonomiese groei is. Dit het dan ook
gelei tot programme soos "Spatial Development Initiatives", "Local Economic
Development" and "Export Processing Zones" of soos wat dit in Suid-Afrika bekend
staan "Industrial Development Zones". Programme of inisiatiewe soos die se doel is
om die ekonomie van 'n streek te versterk, om werksgeleenthede te skep en om
gebruik te maak van die hulpbronne in die spesifieke streek. Die programme het 'n
groot verandering in ontwikkelingsbeplanning meegebring, vanaf tradisionele
streekbeleide tot inisiatief-gedrewe beleide wat poog om beleggings in
onderontwikkelde streke te versterk.
Programme soos "Industrial Development Zones" het 'n lang geskiedenis, en nie
almal is posititief nie. Hierdie sones het 'n algemene naam van "sweatshops" gekry
waar kinderarbeid gebruik word. Die grootste probleem van hierdie sones is dat
arbeidwetgewing gewoonlik nie toegepas word binne die sones nie. In 2001 is Coega
as die eerste "Industrial Development Zone" verklaar in Suid Afrika. Die sone is
verbind tot die "Spatial Development Initiative" programme wat geïmplementeerd is
in 1996. Dit is egter sterk deur die arbeidsorganisasie COSATU veroordeel, toe hulle
hoor dat die regering nou "Industrial Development Zones", wat basies dieselfde is as
"Export Processing Zones", gaan gebruik om die ekonomie te stimuleer en die hoë
werkloosheid in die land te verminder. Maar, in hierdie sones sal arbeid wetgewing toegepas word. Dit los net die probleem
van effektiwiteit en doeltreffendheid. Gaan hierdie sones die werkloosheids
probleem van Suid Afrika oplos? Sones soos in Mauritius was suksesvol, maar daar is
egter talle ander wat nie werkgeleenthed geskep het nie en die uitgawes wat
gemaak is om infrastruktuur en dienste in die sones te voorsien is veel hoër as die
profyt wat gemaak is op die einde. Tyd sal leer in die Coega "Industrial Development
Zone'.
|
25 |
Is EPZ employment a stepping stone or a stumbling block for the empoerment of women? Evidence from MauritiusPeedoly, Aveeraj Sharma 06 1900 (has links)
This study critically assesses how far the Mauritian EPZ, which consists of a
predominantly female workforce, is conducive to women’s empowerment, particularly in
a context of rife global competition. Focus Group Discussions with actual female
workers and semi-directive interviews of those who have been laid off reveal that there
have effectively been some benefits which may be construed as empowerment.
However, low wages and harsh treatment of workers at the workplace, compounded with
rising costs of living and pervasive patriarchal values impede the extent of empowerment.
Yet, when contrasted with the experiences of laid off women, the centrality of
employment becomes more palpable. The experiences of job loss are in many cases
destructive of not only the laid-off worker’s self-image and aspirations, but also on their
ability to juggle with poverty and its associated outcomes. Despite being a relatively
difficult sector to work in, its benefits outweigh its limitations. / Sociology / MA (Social Science)
|
26 |
As zonas de processamento de exporta??o como instrumento de desenvolvimento e redu??o das desigualdades regionaisVieira, Edmar Eduardo de Moura 30 August 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
EdmarEMV_DISSERT.pdf: 4563188 bytes, checksum: dcc789dbc6a3a3fcc788ce53cdae6e7e (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / The existence of inequalities among the Brazilian regions is an indeed fact along the country s
history. Before this reality the constitutional legislator inserted into the Federal Constitution
of 1988, as a purpose of the Federative Republic of Brazil, the reduction of regional
inequalities. The development has also been included as a purpose from the State, because
there is an straight relation with the reduction of regional inequalities. In both situations is
searched the improvement of people s living conditions. . In pursuit of this achievement, the
State must implement public policy, and, for this to happen, it needs the ingress of income
inside of the public coffers and support of economic agents, therefore the importance of
constitucionalization of the economic policy. The 1988 s Constitution adopted a rational
capitalism regime consentaneous with current legal and social conceptions, that s why it
enabled the State s intervention into economy to correct the so-called market failures or to
make the established objectives fulfilled. About this last one, the intervention may happen by
induction through the adoption of regulatory Standards of incentive or disincentive of
economic activity. Among the possible inductive ways there are the tax assessments that aim
to stimulate the economic agents behavior in view of finding that the development doesn t
occur with the same intensity in all of the country s regions. Inside this context there are the
Export Processing Zones (EPZs) which are special areas with different customs regime by
the granting of benefits to the companies that are installed there. The EPZs have been used,
by several countries, in order to develop certain regions, and economic indicators show that
they promoted economic and social changes in the places where they are installed, especially
because, by attracting companies, they provide job creation, industrialization and increased
exports. In Brazil, they can contribute decisively to overcome major obstacles or decrease the
attraction of economic agents and economic development of the country. In the case of an
instrument known to be effective to achieve the goals established by the Constitution, it is
duty of the Executive to push for the law that governs this customs regime is effectively
applied. If the Executive doesn t fulfill this duty, incurs into unjustifiable omission, correction
likely by the Judiciary, whose mission is to prevent acts or omissions contrary to
constitutional order / A exist?ncia de desigualdades entre as regi?es brasileiras ? um fato presente ao longo da
hist?ria do pa?s. Diante dessa realidade, o legislador constituinte inseriu na Constitui??o
Federal de 1988, como objetivo da Rep?blica Federativa do Brasil, a redu??o das
desigualdades regionais. O desenvolvimento tamb?m foi inclu?do com objetivo do Estado,
pois tem direta rela??o com a redu??o das desigualdades regionais. Em ambos os casos o que
se pretende ? a melhoria das condi??es de vida das pessoas. Nessa busca, o Estado deve
implementar pol?ticas p?blicas, e, para isso, necessita do ingresso de receitas em seus cofres e
do aux?lio dos agentes econ?micos, da? a import?ncia da constitucionaliza??o da Ordem
Econ?mica. A Constitui??o de 1988 adotou o regime do capitalismo racional, consent?neo
com as atuais concep??es jur?dicas e sociais, por isso possibilitou a interven??o do Estado na
economia para corrigir as chamadas falhas de mercado ou para que sejam cumpridos os
objetivos estabelecidos. Nesse ?ltimo caso, a interven??o pode ser feita por indu??o, atrav?s
da ado??o de normas regulat?rias de estimulo ou de desest?mulo da atividade econ?mica.
Entre as medidas indutivas poss?veis, est?o os incentivos fiscais, que visam estimular
comportamentos dos agentes econ?micos, tendo em vista a constata??o de que o
desenvolvimento n?o ocorre com a mesma intensidade em todas as regi?es pa?s. Nesse
contexto, est?o as Zonas de Processamento de Exporta??o (ZPE s), que s?o ?reas especiais
com regime aduaneiro diferenciado pela concess?o de benef?cios as empresas nelas instaladas.
As ZPE s t?m sido utilizadas por diversos pa?ses com o objetivo de desenvolver determinadas
regi?es, e os indicadores econ?micos demonstram que elas promoveram mudan?as
econ?micas e sociais nos lugares onde est?o instaladas, especialmente porque, com a atra??o
de empresas, proporcionam a gera??o de empregos, a industrializa??o e o aumento das
exporta??es. No Brasil, podem contribuir decisivamente para a supera??o ou diminui??o dos
principais obst?culos a atra??o dos agentes econ?micos e ao desenvolvimento econ?mico do
pa?s. Em se tratando de um instrumento reconhecidamente eficaz para o cumprimento dos
objetivos estabelecidos pela Constitui??o, ? dever do Poder Executivo diligenciar para que a
lei que disciplina esse regime aduaneiro seja efetivamente aplicada. Se n?o cumprir esse
dever, incorre em omiss?o injustific?vel, pass?vel corre??o pelo Poder Judici?rio, que tem a
miss?o de impedir a??es ou omiss?es contr?rias a Ordem constitucional / 2020-01-01
|
27 |
China : uma análise do papel das exportações e do investimento doméstico para o modelo de desenvolvimento econômico no período recente / China : an analysis of the role of exports and domestic investment for economic development model in recent timesProtti, Alberto Teixeira, 1976- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Fernando Sarti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T23:09:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Protti_AlbertoTeixeira_D.pdf: 3565504 bytes, checksum: 74c73bc31c15345874f321ff61fcec9d (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a real contribuição das exportações e do investimento doméstico para o desenvolvimento econômico da China. Nossa análise mostrou que as exportações tiveram importância estratégica para a política econômica, especialmente ao evitar restrições ao crescimento por conta de déficits no balanço de pagamentos e ajudando a financiar o processo de industrialização. Além disso, seu impacto direto sobre o crescimento do PIB no período recente foi maior do que o normalmente encontrado em outros trabalhos sobre a economia chinesa. Entretanto, isso não significa que a China seja um exemplo de economia puxada pelas exportações devido a elevada contribuição dos componentes domésticos da demanda agregada para o crescimento, especialmente os investimentos públicos e privados sob coordenação do Estado / Abstract: The main aim of this work was to evaluate the real contribution of exports and domestic investment to economic development of China. We found that exports had strategic importance to economic policy, especially avoiding constraints on growth due to balance of payments deficits and financing the industrialization process. Besides that, its direct impact on GDP growth in recent years was higher than usually found in other studies of Chinese economy. However, that does not mean that China is a example of export-led economy because of high contribution of domestic components of aggregate demand to growth, especially public and private investment under state coordination / Doutorado / Teoria Economica / Doutor em Ciências Econômicas
|
28 |
The impact of international trade and investment policies on the labour rights of export processing zones' workers : the case of KenyaMwariri, Gladys Wanjiru January 2007 (has links)
Investigates to what extent international trade and investment policies affect the
labour rights of EPZ (Export Processing Zones) workers in Kenya. Audit the existing legal and policy framework for labour protection in Kenya and determines the extent to which the labour rights of EPZ workers in Kenya are protected. Also examines whether whether the EPZs are beneficial to Kenya and identify ways in which the labour rights of EPZ workers can be protected. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2007. / A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Prof Hani Sayed of the American University in Cairo, Egypt. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM
|
29 |
A comparison between export processing zones and industrial development zones with special reference to Walvis Bay and CoegaHunt, Robin 03 1900 (has links)
Theses (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In order to survive in a global economy, developing nations can no longer rely on their
own resources if they wish to prosper, they require outside assistance. Various economic
policies and strategies have been adopted over the years in order to encourage foreign
capital to contribute to the growth of developing nations. One of the most common of
these is the concept of an export promotion zone. This is a dedicated area inside the host
country where the host tries to lure foreign investors - usually by providing a range of
financial and labour concessions.
Namibia instituted an export promotion zone in the mid nineties in Walvis Bay but has
met with limited success, as indeed have many of the other countries which have tried
this approach.
Namibia's immediate neighbour - South Africa - reviewed this and other economic zones
with the intent of adopting a policy better suited to the needs of foreign capital. The result
was the development of an industrial development zone in Coega outside Port Elizabeth.
This study contrasts these two concepts in order to ascertain similarities and differences
both in terms of their respective legislation and in terms of the World Association of
Investment Promotion Agencies ten criteria for a successful investment environment.
The conclusion was that these two policy frameworks are different more in name than in
substance, with one crucial exception: South Africa has effectively waived most of the
tax concessions generally found in this type of area.
It is argued that if the South Africa concept does succeed it will probably be more a
function of the country's relative economic size in Africa rather than because of policy
differences. Beyond that there is little reason to believe that South Africa will meet with
any more success than Namibia barring the acquisition of a major anchor tenant to draw
other affiliate industries. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ontwikkelende lande het buitelandse bystand nodig om in 'n wêreld ekonomie te bestaan
omdat hulle nie meer op hulle eie reserwe bronne kan staat maak nie. Verskeie strategieë
en ekonomiese beleidstoepassings is in die verlede aangewend om buitelandse beleggings
te lok ten einde by te dra tot die groei van ontwikkelende nasies. 'n Algemene strategie is
die daarstelling van 'n uitvoersone waardeur die land probeer om buitelandse beleggers te
lok deur die daarstelling van 'n reeks finansiële- en arbeidstoegewings.
Namibië het so 'n uitvoersone in die middel negentigs in Walvis Baai tot stand gebring,
met min sukses. Verskeie ander lande het ook nie bevredigende resultate met hierdie
metode gehad nie.
Suid-Afrika, 'n direkte buurland van Namibië, het hierdie ekonomiese sone en
soortgelyke implementerings ondersoek met die doel om die beleid aan te pas en te
verbeter om sodoende meer buitelandse kapitaal te lok. Die resultaat was die
ontwikkeling en totstandkoming van die industriële ontwikkelingsarea in Coega buite
Port Elizabeth.
In hierdie studie word die twee konsepte met mekaar vergelyk ten einde die
ooreenkomste en verskille uit te lig, beide in terme van wetgewing asook in terme van die
Wereld Assosiasie van Bellegingsbevorderings Agentskappe se tien kriterieë vir 'n
suksesvolle beleggingsomgewing.
Die gevolgtrekking was dat die twee beleidsraamwerke baie min verskil, met die
uitsondering dat daar min of geen belasting toegewings gemaak word ten opsigte van
implementering van hierdie sones in Suid-Afrika nie.
Daar word aangevoer dat indien die Suid-Afrikaanse konsep suksesvol is, dit meer
waarskyknlik die gevolg sal wees van die land se relatiewe ekonomiese stand in Afrika, as die gevolg van beleidstoepassing. Behalwe hierdie faktor is daar min rede om te glo
dat Suid-Afrika meer suksesvol sal wees as Namibië, tensy 'n industrie gevestig kan
word wat as hoeksteen van die ontwikkeling kan dien, wat om die beurt ander verwante
industrieë kan lok en ontwikkel.
|
Page generated in 0.0697 seconds