本研究有感於近年來台灣社會政治活動的參與情況，與往年相較起來熱絡許多，從以往只能透過數年一度的選舉活動，來表現個人的政治參與；到目前有許多人能夠從網路發表自身意見，討論時事議題，進而與政府、官員們接觸，甚至透過大型的集會活動來表達個人的立場以及訴求，企圖影響，並改變當前政治環境。在眾多參與政治的過程當中，個人心理因素對於投入與否的影響效果十分重要。政治態度的種類繁多，筆者在本文以政治效能感的角度出發，探討民眾對於政治參與的動機。是否會因為個人能夠理解政治，同樣能夠感受到政府官員對於個人的關心與重視，進而擁有認為自身能夠影響政治的這項心理態度，使得個人願意力行不同種類的政治參與。 本研究運用2013年「台灣選舉與民主化調查研究」資料，探索政治效能感對於政治參與的影響效果。除了檢證過去理論中：政治效能感愈高，愈會參與政治活動之外，區分了政治效能感的內在與外在的不同面向，以及政治參與的不同種類，探討政治效能感對於不同種類的政治參與是否具備不同的影響效果。研究結果發現，內在政治效能感較容易影響純粹表達意見的政治參與，而外在政治效能感較容易影響企圖改變現況的政治參與，此一發現提供與以往不同的理論觀點，認為政治效能感對於是個人政治參與的影響，是一項重要心理因素。 / Over the past few years, political participations in Taiwan have been flourished. Indeed, a democratic society, like Taiwan, should allow people to have various ways to participate in politics beyond simply casting their votes, including demonstrating on the street to show what they stand for. By examining public opinion data in Taiwan, this study aims to explore the relationship between political efficacy and different types of political participations. Specifically, this study use the 2013 Taiwan’s Election and Democratization Study (TEDS) data to examine the extent to which one’s political efficacy could influence his/her political participations. The conventional wisdom suggests that the higher the political efficacy, the more political activities one may participate in. Additionally, previous research also posits that the linkages between political efficacy and participation vary, depending on different components of political efficacy as well as various types of political participations. The empirical results of this analysis show that the respondents who have higher internal political efficacy are more likely to participate in “opinion-expression actions”. On the other hand, those who have higher external political efficacy are more likely to participate in “changing the status quo action”. In short, political efficacy should be regarded as an important psychological element that may influence different dimensions of political participations.

政治功效意識普遍被學界認為是影響民眾政治態度與政治參與的重要因素之一，因為其為個人評估自己對政治事務瞭及影響能力的評估。另一方面，新聞媒介是提供民眾訊息的主要來源，從之前相關研究也發現，在民眾接觸大眾傳播媒介後，會對其政治態度造成一定程度的影響；不過，對於大眾傳播媒介的使用與政治功效意識的關聯，過去研究的結果則有不同的看法。因此，本研究試圖藉由非選舉與選舉時期的調查資料，透過民眾使用新聞媒介的習慣，來瞭解其與內在及外在政治功效意識的關聯。 研究結果顯示，不論是在非選舉或選舉時期，民眾的新聞媒介使用從注意程度與暴露程度觀察，電視是最主要的資訊來源，其次則為報紙。其餘廣播、新聞雜誌、網路等新聞媒介的使用率皆偏低；而電視與廣播政論性CALL-IN節目，有習慣收看、收聽的民眾也佔少數。 對於新聞媒介使用與政治功效意識關聯性的探討，在非選舉時期民眾對媒體所報導的新聞愈注意時，其內在及外在政治功效意識則可能愈高。不過，民眾收看電視新聞的時間愈長，其內在政治功效意識則可能愈低；但與外在政治功效意識的關係不顯著，代表與外在政治功效意識的高低沒有顯著的關係。 至於選舉時期，則是針對民眾接觸大眾傳播媒介報導的選舉新聞進行研究；發現民眾在選舉時期對於選舉新聞的接觸，與其政治功效意識的高低沒有顯著的關係。所以，由於政治功效意識是受到生活經驗長期培養而成，是深植於民眾心中長期穩定的政治態度；新聞媒介對於報導的選舉新聞則僅出現在接近選舉的一兩個月，因此這種短期因素較難與民眾的政治功效意識有顯著的關聯。 / Political efficacy is regarded as an important factor to influence political attitudes and political participation. On the other hand, mass media nowadays are the main sources to provide people political information and may furthermore influences people’s political attitudes. However, existed literarature shows different views about the relationships between the use of mass media and political efficacy. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to analyze the relationships between mass media use and their impact on internal and external political efficacy. By conducting secondary analysis of national surveys, which were collected during the period of election and non-election, this study has the following findings. First of all, television is the major news media for people to get information, and newspaper is second to it. Radio, magazine and internet are far below the importance of television and newspaper in acquiring political information. Second, our analysis shows that during the period of non-election, the more that people pay attention to news, the higher internal and external political efficacy they have. If people spend more time on watching news on television, they have less internal political efficacy. However, there is no correlation between the exposure of news media and external political efficacy. Finally, during the period of election, there is no correlation between the use of news media and political efficacy. It is inferred that because political efficacy is mostly influenced by people’s life-long experiences so it is stable in terms of political attitude. Therefore, it is not likely that election news will influence people’s political efficacy in a short period of time.