This thesis examined the relationship between high school sport participation and academic achievement. It was hypothesized that a positive relationship would exist; the more a student participated the higher their grade point average (GPA) would have been. It was also predicted that female and White students would display the largest benefit in their GPAs from participating. Multiple regression and analysis of variance were conducted utilizing data from Monitoring the Future: A Continuing Study of American Youth (12th Grade Survey), 2008, a nationally representative sample of American high school seniors. Results indicated that a significant positive correlation exists between sport participation and GPA. This relationship remained significant even after accounting for other relevant factors, such as socioeconomic status and/or self-esteem. Female and White students did record the highest GP As, but participation was not a contributing factor. Overall, there appears to be some academic benefit for participating in school athletics; students may be learning a set of skills or attitudes through sport that transfer into other areas of their lives.

Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2018-02-21T18:50:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Juliana_Ubinski2016.pdf: 1928264 bytes, checksum: 5f09b48a3896e968b0f23b017ddb8c72 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-21T18:50:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Juliana_Ubinski2016.pdf: 1928264 bytes, checksum: 5f09b48a3896e968b0f23b017ddb8c72 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-06 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / To provide an education that can form critical citizens, active and transformers of society, far from being a contemporary challenge, it permeates debates and inspires educational theories long ago. One of the proposals to contribute to the achievement of this goal is the expansion of the school day. Although the debates on the subject can refer to an idea of recent and innovative proposal, in Brazil, experiences with full-time education focused for less economically favored social classes are realities for at least five decades. During this period, there were beginnings and closures cycles with these experiences. However, although there are several debates between advocates and opponents of this educational policy, there are not so many researches that address the impacts of these activities for teachers and students involved in these proposals. Through research that discusses and reflects on expansion programs of the school day, it is expected to be possible to ascertain whether the practice performed contributes to the goals proposed for the program. In this sense, through this study, it is intended to determine whether the activities in the area of environmental education, linked to programs of expansion of the school day in state schools of Cascavel-PR, contribute to the achievement of the main objective of the journey expansion programs school: reduce educational inequalities (BRAZIL, 2010). Therefore, Scientific Literacy indicators will be used to enable verifying the level of scientific literacy of students in the subjects addressed in the extracurricular activities they are enrolled. Analysis of the legislation was made which regulates the expansion of the school day, in the proposals of activities in the field of environmental education and also interviews with teachers and students involved in the activities. The different stages of the research show that some gaps in the legislation that regulates the extracurricular activities can negatively impact the development and results of the activities. Among the five analyzed activities, it was possible to realize the contribution of only one for Scientific Literacy of the students. It is noticed that there is still a long way to go in order that the extracurricular activities, at least in most cases, contribute to student learning and, consequently, for education. / Proporcionar uma educação que possa formar cidadãos críticos, atuantes e transformadores da sociedade, longe de ser um desafio contemporâneo, há muito permeia debates e inspiram teorias educacionais. Uma das propostas que visam a contribuir para o alcance desse objetivo é a ampliação da jornada escolar. Embora os debates acerca do tema possam remeter a uma ideia de proposta recente e inovadora, no Brasil, experiências com o ensino em tempo integral voltado para classes sociais menos favorecidas economicamente são realidades há pelo menos cinco décadas. Nesse período, houve inícios e encerramentos de ciclos com essas experiências. No entanto, embora haja vários debates entre os defensores e opositores dessa política educacional, não há muitas pesquisas que contemplem os impactos dessas atividades para professores e alunos envolvidos nessas propostas. Através de pesquisas que discutam e reflitam sobre programas de ampliação da jornada escolar, espera-se ser possível verificar se a prática realizada contribui para os objetivos propostos para o programa. Neste sentido, através da presente pesquisa, pretendeu-se verificar se as atividades na área de Educação Ambiental, vinculadas aos programas de ampliação de jornada escolar nas escolas estaduais de Cascavel-PR, contribuem para o alcance do principal objetivo dos programas de ampliação da jornada escolar: diminuir as desigualdades educacionais (BRASIL, 2010). Para tanto, os indicadores da Alfabetização Científica serão utilizados para possibilitar verificar o nível da Alfabetização Científica dos alunos nos temas abordados nas atividades em contraturno em que estão matriculados. Foram realizadas análises da legislação que regulamenta a ampliação da jornada escolar, nas propostas das atividades na área de Educação Ambiental e também entrevistas com professores e alunos envolvidos nas atividades. As diferentes etapas da pesquisa mostraram que algumas lacunas na legislação que regulamenta as atividades em contraturno podem impactar de forma negativa o desenvolvimento e resultados das atividades. Dentre as cinco atividades analisadas, foi possível perceber a contribuição de apenas uma para a Alfabetização Científica dos alunos. Percebe-se que ainda há um longo caminho a ser percorrido para que as atividades contraturno, pelo menos em sua maioria, contribuam para aprendizagem dos alunos e, consequentemente, para a Educação

Student affairs personnel are often charged with the task of creating a strong sense of community (SOC) on university campuses. Sport is among one of the many extracurricular activities that historically has been used to meet this need for community among students. Yet, how and when a sense of community is created within a sport context has not been appropriately addressed in literature. Utilizing a symbolic interactionalist theoretical framework, this study employed a grounded theory approach and uncovered the necessary factors for creating a sense of community within two intercollegiate sport settings. First, 21 former university sport club participants were interviewed regarding their experiences. The results revealed that Common Interest, Leadership Opportunities, Amateurism/ Voluntary Activity, and Competition were the most critical components to creating a sense of community. These results along with the results of Warner and Dixon’s (in review; see Appendix F) sense of community study among varsity athletes, which concluded that Administrative Consideration, Leadership Opportunities, Equity in Administrative Decisions, Competition, and Social Spaces were the key factors to foster a sense of community, were then used to guide focus groups. Eight focus groups consisting of 39 current varsity and sport club athletes were then conducted to further examine and explain the differences and similarities that emerged between the two sense of community in sport models. The results propose a broad based sense of community within sport theory that considers the contextual contingencies surrounding an athlete-driven versus a professionally-administered sport model. The results contribute to community building and sport management theory, and provide practical solutions for enhancing the intercollegiate sport experience. The implications and philosophical differences between an athlete-directed sport experiences versus a more formalized and structured sport model are also discussed. / text

Title: Football as an extracurricular activity at a grammar school. Objective: This issue has already been written many works. Most of the research that I have studied, however, carried out in primary schools. Therefore, I decided to deal with this issue at grammar schools, because I think that students of grammar schools no longer have that study as much free time for extracurricular activities. The aim of my thesis is to find out how they stand football as an extracurricular activity with regard to other activities for children in this age. Furthermore, how much free time students have grammar schools, and how to handle this free time. Whether their school offers some activities or rings that could children in their spare time to attend. In conclusion, I followed the doctor Tomas Malkus discovered his opinion on stretching and compensation exercises in sports. Methods: Data were collected by the method of quantitative questioning a particular interrogation method using an anonymous questionnaire with open and closed questions and structured interviews with open and closed questions. To the the research sample included respondents are of the grammar school above the table. The questionnaires will work out a controlled interview results and converts them through text and graphs in this thesis....

Diplomová práce seznamuje s jednotlivými symptomy a typy pervazivních vývojových poruch. Předkládá možnosti využití široké škály různých přístupů či programů při práci s těmito žáky. Věnuje se hře ve spojení s poruchami autistického spektra a s využitím volného času v rámci školy, rodiny či projektu. Práce nastiňuje jednotlivá úskalí mimoškolních aktivit dětí a mládeže s poruchami autistického spektra. Zdůrazňuje, jakou významnou pozici mimoškolní aktivity v životě dětí a mládeže zastupují a jak důležité jsou pro všestranný rozvoj. Dále mapuje volnočasové aktivity, kterým se věnují děti a mládež s poruchami autistického spektra v rámci rodiny, školy a nejrůznějších projektů. Nedílnou součástí mimoškolních činností se stává hra, kterou lze využít jako jednu z možných forem práce s dětmi a mládeží s poruchami autistického spektra. Volný čas a hra se také prolíná návrhem projektu, který je součástí diplomové práce. Projekt nese název: "Společná škola v přírodě".

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o sentido atribuído à prática esportiva escolar, descrito por Instrutores/Treinadores (I/T) de futsal no ambiente extracurricular de escolas particulares da cidade de Ribeirão Preto/SP. Estima-se que no Brasil cerca de 20 milhões de pessoas praticam o futsal de forma não oficial e cerca de 300 mil atletas jogam com algum tipo de vínculo federativo em instituição oficial. A opção pelos I/T foi devido à relevância destes que se encontram em lugar central em um processo de formação esportiva. A metodologia da pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, utilizou-se da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (TF) para as análises das respostas de entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete I/T de futsal de escolas particulares da Educação Básica de Ensino Fundamental II. Os resultados indicaram que os I/T justificam suas razões ao ensinar futsal por diferentes objetivos: ensino de valores, ensino e desenvolvimento de uma cultura esportiva pelos alunos, formação para o seguimento de uma carreira esportiva dos alunos, formação de equipes competitivas aptas a vencer jogos formais e campeonatos escolares. Os resultados indicaram também que os I/T sofrem influências do sentido oficial do esporte em suas ações. O modus operandi descrito por eles para selecionar os alunos para os jogos de competição formais, a valorização da vitória, e os comportamentos no banco de reservas, se assemelham muito com o observado no ambiente do esporte de alto rendimento. Portanto, observou-se uma predominância do uso do sentido oficial da prática esportiva reproduzidos no ambiente escolar extracurricular, reprodução esta que pode causar uma participação desigual dos alunos em jogos e competições escolares formais. Concluiu-se que este ambiente escolar extracurricular de práticas esportivas necessita passar por um processo de ressignificação, para assim, favorecer uma participação maior e com oportunidades mais igualitárias de aprendizado de todos os alunos que se interessem por uma modalidade esportiva / The aim of this study was to analyse the meaning attributed to practice, described by Futsal Coaches involved in the extracurricular environment of private schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto - SP. It is estimated that in Brazil about 20 million people practice futsal on unofficial way and about 300 thousand athletes play futsal with some kind of formal link to sport institutions. The option of investigate coaches was due to their relevance, because they occupy a central role in the process of sports training. The Grounded Theory, which is a qualitative research methodology, was applied for the analysis of responses of semi-structured interviews with seven futsal coaches on private high schools extracurricular sport activities. The results indicated that coaches justify different goals when teaching futsal: to teach values, to stimulate the development of a students sports culture, to stimulate the pursuit of a sports career and the formation of competitive teams capable of winning formal games and scholar tournaments. The results also indicated that the coaches agency are influenced by the hegemonic model of high performance sports. The modus operandi described by them to select students for the formal competition games, the valorisation of the victory, and the behaviour in the bench, closely resemble the one observed in the environment of the high-performance sports. Therefore, it was observed a predominance of the use of the official meaning of sports practice reproduced in the school extracurricular environment. Such reproduction is causing unequal participation of students in formal school games and tournaments. It was concluded that this extracurricular school environment of sports practices needs to undergo a process of resignification, to favour a larger participation of all students who are interested in some sports

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o sentido atribuído à prática esportiva escolar, descrito por Instrutores/Treinadores (I/T) de futsal no ambiente extracurricular de escolas particulares da cidade de Ribeirão Preto/SP. Estima-se que no Brasil cerca de 20 milhões de pessoas praticam o futsal de forma não oficial e cerca de 300 mil atletas jogam com algum tipo de vínculo federativo em instituição oficial. A opção pelos I/T foi devido à relevância destes que se encontram em lugar central em um processo de formação esportiva. A metodologia da pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, utilizou-se da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (TF) para as análises das respostas de entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete I/T de futsal de escolas particulares da Educação Básica de Ensino Fundamental II. Os resultados indicaram que os I/T justificam suas razões ao ensinar futsal por diferentes objetivos: ensino de valores, ensino e desenvolvimento de uma cultura esportiva pelos alunos, formação para o seguimento de uma carreira esportiva dos alunos, formação de equipes competitivas aptas a vencer jogos formais e campeonatos escolares. Os resultados indicaram também que os I/T sofrem influências do sentido oficial do esporte em suas ações. O modus operandi descrito por eles para selecionar os alunos para os jogos de competição formais, a valorização da vitória, e os comportamentos no banco de reservas, se assemelham muito com o observado no ambiente do esporte de alto rendimento. Portanto, observou-se uma predominância do uso do sentido oficial da prática esportiva reproduzidos no ambiente escolar extracurricular, reprodução esta que pode causar uma participação desigual dos alunos em jogos e competições escolares formais. Concluiu-se que este ambiente escolar extracurricular de práticas esportivas necessita passar por um processo de ressignificação, para assim, favorecer uma participação maior e com oportunidades mais igualitárias de aprendizado de todos os alunos que se interessem por uma modalidade esportiva / The aim of this study was to analyse the meaning attributed to practice, described by Futsal Coaches involved in the extracurricular environment of private schools in the city of Ribeirão Preto - SP. It is estimated that in Brazil about 20 million people practice futsal on unofficial way and about 300 thousand athletes play futsal with some kind of formal link to sport institutions. The option of investigate coaches was due to their relevance, because they occupy a central role in the process of sports training. The Grounded Theory, which is a qualitative research methodology, was applied for the analysis of responses of semi-structured interviews with seven futsal coaches on private high schools extracurricular sport activities. The results indicated that coaches justify different goals when teaching futsal: to teach values, to stimulate the development of a students sports culture, to stimulate the pursuit of a sports career and the formation of competitive teams capable of winning formal games and scholar tournaments. The results also indicated that the coaches agency are influenced by the hegemonic model of high performance sports. The modus operandi described by them to select students for the formal competition games, the valorisation of the victory, and the behaviour in the bench, closely resemble the one observed in the environment of the high-performance sports. Therefore, it was observed a predominance of the use of the official meaning of sports practice reproduced in the school extracurricular environment. Such reproduction is causing unequal participation of students in formal school games and tournaments. It was concluded that this extracurricular school environment of sports practices needs to undergo a process of resignification, to favour a larger participation of all students who are interested in some sports

Since the foundation of the University of Vermont’s (UVM) first official extracurricular organization in 1803—the literary and debating society, Phi Sigma Nu—undergraduates have continuously produced extracurricular publications for differing purposes, made possible by the changing varieties of undergraduate organizations that developed concomitantly with the university over time. Several historical monographs have been written that utilize these various types of materials to describe undergraduate student life, yet none have focused their efforts upon these printed sources in and of themselves, nor has the subject of undergraduate publications merited a full historical monograph to this day. This thesis seeks to address this historiographical deficiency. In the first half of the nineteenth century, UVM’s early extracurricular organizations acted as a supplement to the official classical curriculum, facilitating much of these early students’ interactions with the English language in a period prior to the professionalization and departmentalization of English literature within the formal university. Undergraduates of the early national and antebellum eras employed the literary and debating society as an organization to connect ideas located in their classical course work with the vernacular, English-speaking world that surrounded them, and their publications exist as one of the mechanisms that these students utilized to marry their early neohumanistic curriculum with the changing necessities of life in Burlington, the state of Vermont, and the nation on a whole. These undergraduates—immersed in the oratorical culture of the classical college—published transcripts from important speeches, discourses, and poems that they had heard spoken at events such as commencement or the anniversary celebrations of the societies and later desired to preserve for future reading or sharing with others. Such publications represent the earliest form of undergraduate publishing at UVM and can provide historians with not only the means to describe undergraduates’ earliest relationships with the rising medium of print in the new national and antebellum periods, but also an important clue into the boundaries and interests of their own intellects.

ABSTRACT When depressive illness has its onset during adolescence it can exert a profound negative influence upon the individual and their daily functioning. Early identification of young people at risk of, or already experiencing, depressive symptoms is critical to enabling targeted intervention from clinicians, including occupational therapists. Early identification, however, is hampered by an incomplete understanding of how the disorder manifests in the daily lives of adolescents. The mental health determinants and sequelae of engagement in everyday activities represent core concerns of occupational therapists. As part of therapy with adolescents in Child and Youth Mental Health Services (CYMHS), occupational therapists endeavour to improve health by assessing time use, and engaging in interventions which explicitly target involvement in daily activity. Notwithstanding current practice, evidence for a link between actual time use and depressive symptom severity is scant. Background and Research Aims In this thesis the time use of adolescents is explored and related to depressive symptom severity in a series of three cross sectional studies. In keeping with ecologically- and occupation-focussed theoretical models of health and adolescent development (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006; Poulsen & Ziviani, 2004; World Health Organization, 2002), a novel approach to the study of time use has been taken. The studies quantify the amount of time that adolescents are exposed to the various conditions inherent in activities and their ecological settings. In conceptualising time use as ‘exposure’, attention is drawn specifically to common affordances of activities. In this thesis these are described as ‘underlying dimensions’ of time use. Key underlying dimensions of interest include (a) ‘physical exertion’ in daily time use, (b) time spent with different social partners, and (c) time engaged in structured activities. The studies make use of cumulative estimates of time use by summing each episode of exposure to the underlying dimensions of time use, across the out-of-school hours. This research was conducted with the aims of (a) aiding early identification of adolescents who are vulnerable to depressive illness, (b) examining the evidence for the assessment of time use in CYMHS, (c) identifying aspects of adolescent time use which are appropriate targets for occupational therapists’ intervention, and (d) directing future research into the effectiveness of time use-focussed interventions offered by occupational therapists to adolescents who are vulnerable to depressive illness. Methodology and Study Findings All the studies involve secondary analysis of interview and time diary data collected from a nationally representative sample of approximately 730 adolescents (13-18 years) participating in the Panel Study of Income Dynamics Child Development Supplement II. Data were gathered in 2002/2003 by the Institute of Social Research at the University of Michigan in America. Studies 1 and 2 employ ordinal logistic regression analyses to separately explore two of the underlying dimensions of time use, namely the physical exertion in daily activity, and the time spent engaged in activity alone or with key social partners (including parents, siblings and friends). These studies indicate that time devoted to physical activity of moderate to vigorous intensity does not predict depressive symptom severity, breadth of participation in sporting extracurricular activity may be protective against depressive illness for males. For both genders, factors related to the positive or negative aspects of social relationships (such as adolescents’ ratings of how close they felt to parents, and the extent of risky behaviour among friends) appear to be stronger predictors of depressive symptomatology than the actual amount of time engaged in activity with others. Study 3 is informed conceptually and methodologically by the findings of Studies 1 and 2, and uses structural equation modeling, to examine a complex multivariate model of time use and depressive symptoms. This model incorporates a large range of factors which are theorized to influence the qualitative experience of spending time in a given context (e.g., adolescents’ perceptions of friend acceptance, which may influence the psychological impact of a prolonged encounter with friends). Study 3 reveals that the quantity of time over the course of a weekday or weekend day that adolescents are exposed to different types of activity (e.g., structured extracurricular activity, shared activity with parents) has no direct association with depressive symptom severity. However, an indirect path is identified, whereby the amount of time devoted to joint activity with parents is linked with depressive symptom severity via adolescent perceptions of parent acceptance. Conclusions and Recommendations The studies of this thesis have shown that the conceptualisation and quantification of time use as cumulative exposure to some specific underlying dimensions of engagement, are of little direct assistance in identifying young people who are vulnerable to depressive illness, however, this information may inform a range of clinical practices for occupational therapists working in CYMHS. Information on time use is therefore worth gathering in such services, particularly when it provides insights into social contact. It has been clearly and consistently identified that time use and its links with depression cannot be fully appreciated without considering the nature of adolescents’ relationships with their social partners in time use. Findings indicate that when time spent engaged in joint activity with parents is scant, or when poor relationships with parents are reported, adolescents at risk of depression are likely to benefit from therapy which is directed towards enhancing the quantity and quality of parent-adolescent interactions. The significance of this research lies in the generation of evidence to support further research into time use and its implications for mental health. Greater support for the specialist role of occupational therapists in addressing time use concerns will be gained through future studies which explore the immediate affective experience of spending time in activity, the personal and environmental contextual factors which mediate these experiences, and the implications of such experiences for mental health. Further to the insights gained regarding time use and depressive illness, the thesis presents an approach to research (i.e., a secondary analysis) and research methodologies which may be used by occupational therapists to answer complex questions regarding occupational engagement across the lifespan. Keywords: Adolescence, Depression, Internalizing Disorder, Time Use, Time Diary, Physical Activity, Social Contexts, Structured Extracurricular Activity, Organised Activity, Structural Equation Modeling. Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classifications (ANZSRC): 111714 Mental Health 100%.

<p>Föreningsengagemang, sociala relationer och stress är ofta omnämnda tillsammans och relateras ofta till varandra. Eftersom befintlig forskning är begränsad vad gäller sambanden dem emellan, var det av intresse att undersöka dessa. Syftet med studien var att kartlägga föreningsengagemang bland högskolestudenter på en högskola i södra Sverige samt undersöka eventuella samband mellan föreningsengagemang, sociala relationer och stress. Metoden för studien var deduktiv med ett kvantitativt angreppssätt. Enkäter med frågor om föreningsengagemang, stress och sociala relationer genomfördes på 230 studenter. Att avsluta snarare än att påbörja föreningsengagemang var vanligare vid högskolestudier. Aktivitet i idrottsförening innebar lägre grad av upplevd stress. Studenter som var tillfreds med sitt umgänge, upplevde att de har vänner som visar stort intresse för det hon/ han gör samt umgås dagligen med vänner upplever lägre grad av stress. En slutsats kan vara att börja studera på högskola har en negativ inverkan på föreningsengagemang. Att vara aktiv i en idrottsförening samt att ha goda sociala relationer har en positiv inverkan på studenters upplevelse av stress. Denna nya kunskap kan användas vid arbete med och rådgivning till stressade studenter. Studien kan även informera högskolor om att fysiska aktiviteter genom skolan kan ha en positiv inverkan för studenters psykiska hälsa.</p> / <p>Extracurricular participation, social relationships and stress is often mentioned together and are related to each other. Because of insufficient research of the correlation between these three, there was an interest to study this subject. The aim for this study was to investigate the degree of extracurricular participation among college students and also to investigate potential correlations between extracurricular participation, social relationships and stress. The method for this study was deductive whit a quantitative approach. A questionnaire about extracurricular participation, social relationships and stress was performed among 230 college students. The result showed that withdrawal from extracurricular activities was more common among students than to begin. Students who were active in sport associations experienced lower stress than students that did not participate in sport associations. The result also showed correlations between the student’s satisfaction with their friends and how they reported stress. Students who felt that their friends show them a big interest also reported lower stress. Also students who meet their friends on daily basis reported lower stress. A conclusion could be that entering college has a negative influence on extracurricular participation. Involvement in sport activities and to have satisfying social relationships has a positive influence on students stress. This knowledge can be used for work and guidance of stressed college students. This study can also inform colleges that physical extracurricular participation can have a positive influence on student’s mental health.</p>