This diploma thesis Social Capital in Adulthood: Socialization Influences of Family Environment inquired into relation between environment in childhood and social capital in adulthood. At the very first part social capital was delimited according to Coleman's and Bourdieu's conceptualization. Selected characteristics of socialization environment were susequently described with emphasis on discerning of primary and secondary 5 socialization. In empirical part of the text parenting styles and joint activities of parents and children were operationalized. Five indicators of social capital in adulthood were subsequently prepared distinguishing its structural and cultural components. At the concluding part of the text five models of relations were built. As explaining variables were used family social capital, extracurricular activities and years of education. As explained variables were used five measured indicators of social capital: size of weak tie network, highest reachability of socioeconomic status, heterogeneity in the network of three closest friends. In cultural dimension of social capital were modelled influences on trust and tolerance. Analyses presented in empirical part of the text were created using data which came from sociological research Distinction and Values 2008 (SOÚ AV ČR, v.v.i.).

Mathematik- und Deutschunterricht gelten traditionell als wesensverschiedene Schulfächer. Auf Basis der Bildungsstandards für beide Fächer wird in dieser Arbeit der Versuch unternommen, konkrete Schnittmengen für fächerübergreifenden Deutsch- und Mathematikunterricht zu entwickeln. Exemplarisch wird für die in beiden Fächern zentrale Argumentationskompetenz ein Workshop an einem außerschulischen Lernort entworfen, didaktisch-methodisch begründet und dessen Durchführung im Frühjahr 2018 abschließend ausgewertet.

The purpose of the study was to identify which factors are most closely related to academic success during the freshman year for low socioeconomic students in one urban high school. This was an ex post facto study conducted in one urban high school in East Tennessee. The subjects were students enrolled in the 9th grade during the 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 academic school years. Low socioeconomic students were divided into 2 groups based on academic performance during their freshman year of high school. Students with GPAs of 2.5 or higher were classified as higher performing, low socioeconomic status (HLSES). Students with GPAs of 2.4 or lower were considered lower performing, low socioeconomic status (LLSES). The higher achieving group contained 85 students; the lower achieving group had 292 students. Relationships between 9 predictor variables (ethnicity, gender, involvement in extra curricular activities, scores on 7th grade TCAP reading-language arts and mathematics tests, number of out of school suspension days, literacy scores, mobility rates, and attendance) were examined across the 2 groups. Chi-square tests were conducted to compare the 2 groups with regard to involvement in extracurricular activities, gender, and ethnicity. All remaining quantitative predictor variables were compared using independent t tests. Two sets of multiple regressions were conducted, 1 for the higher performing group and 1 for the lower performing group, to determine which of the predictor variables had the strongest relationship to students' GPAs. From the higher performing group, 10 students were interviewed to uncover the factors they credited as having the biggest impact on their academic success during their freshman year. Significance was found for 8 of the 9 predictor variables. Student mobility was the only non-significant factor between the groups. None of the variables had a significant relationship to the higher performing groups' GPA. Four variables, gender, number of suspension days, number of days absent, and involvement in extracurricular activities were significantly related to students' GPA in the lower performing group. Self-discipline, determination, and guidance from an adult to help them stay focused were the main factors cited for academic success by students during their freshman year.

Citizenship - commitment to and participation in a political community - is the heart of constitutional democracy and a free society. Knowledge of the rights, responsibilities, and privileges are the electrical impulses that keep a steady beat. Without the participation of educated citizens, a democratic republic can not and does not function. This study analyzed the relationship between adolescent behavior and civic engagement. This task was accomplished by examining the amount of civic knowledge possessed by two groups within a population. The population examined, a high school in Flagler County, was composed of "at risk" students (those who had an Individualized Education Plan) and "regular" students (those that did not). The study uncovered the message that the amount of civic knowledge possessed by American youth was not as important as it was for them to be engaged in extracurricular activities. During the course of time, educators appear to have restricted their own ability to plan for and provide learning experiences that take in to consideration the physical characteristics; physical needs; patterns of growth and maturation; physiological changes; intellectual development; intellectual characteristics; learning preferences and styles; emotional development; personality development; and social development of each and every young adolescent attending school. When interesting, affordable activities are not made available, students become bored and get in to trouble during after school hours. Adolescent behaviors such as moral judgment and risk taking (or lack thereof) affect their decision to become civically involved.

Kontakter med engelska i tidig ålder verkar gynna barns engelska språkutveckling. Exponeringen har ökat markant de sista 10 åren och eleverna har fler förkunskaper med sig in i klassrummet än förut. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur engelsklärare uppfattar att elevernas förkunskaper påverkar deras engelskundervisning i årskurs 4-6. Två frågeställningar finns för att uppnå syftet, nämligen: Hur uppfattar lärare att elevers erfarenheter av och förkunskaper i engelska påverkar deras engelskundervisning i årskurs 4-6 samt i vilken mån och på vilket eller vilka sätt uppfattar lärare att de har möjlighet att anpassa sin engelskundervisning till elevernas individuella behov i heterogena klassrum? Studiens utgångspunkt är den sociokulturella teorin och socialkonstruktivismen. För att besvara frågeställningarna har kvalitativa intervjuer med sex verksamma lärare i årskurserna 4-6 utförts. Resultatet visar hur lärare uppfattar påverkan av engelska bortom klassrummet på både sin undervisning och på elevernas prestationer. Vidare visas hur lärare väljer att arbeta med engelska i sina klassrum för att kunna utgå från elevernas egna förkunskaper samt hur de anpassar undervisningen till elevernas individuella behov. Efter resultatet presenteras diskussionavsnittet gällande metod och resultat samt förslag på fortsatt forskning. / Exposure to English at an early age seems to benefit children’s English language development. This exposure has increased significantly in the last 10 years, thus providing the students with more prior knowledge than ever before. The purpose of this study is to examine teachers’ perceptions of how pupils’ prior knowledge affects English teaching at school in grades 4-6. To achieve this purpose two questions have been posed: How do teachers perceive that students' experiences with, and prior knowledge of English affect their English teaching in grades 4-6, and to what extent and in which ways do teachers perceive that they have the opportunity to adapt their English teaching to the students' individual needs in heterogeneous classrooms? This study is based on social constructivism and the socio-cultural theory. In order to answer the questions, qualitative interviews were conducted with six teachers in grades 4-6. The results show how teachers perceive the impact of English beyond the classroom on both their teaching and on students' performance. Further, the results present how teachers choose to work with English in their classrooms in order to be able to start from the students' own prior knowledge and how they adapt the teaching based on the students’ individual needs. The discussion is accompanied by a discussion of the method used and the results as well as suggestions for further research. / <p></p><p></p>

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью изучения региональной культуры, позволяющей повысить эффективность преподавания русского языка как иностранного, увеличить мотивацию обучающихся; используемый креативный подход с учетом принципов речевой деятельности помогает при решении коммуникативных задач, с которыми студент встречается в повседневной жизни. Предлагаемый проект учебно-методического пособия отвечает требованиям эффективности образовательных программ в преподавании РКИ. Цель научного исследования заключается в создании учебно-методической разработки по РКИ для иностранных студентов, имеющих уровень русского языка А2-В1(базовый и первый сертификационные уровни). Объектом исследования является методический аспект изучения региональной культуры. Предметом исследования является система методических заданий и упражнений, способствующих развитию видов речевой деятельности. Для достижения поставленной цели были сформулированы следующие задачи исследования: изучить теоретико-методологические основы обучения разных видов речевой деятельности; выявить наиболее информативные культурно-просветительские места Екатеринбурга для создания учебно-методической разработки на их основе; разработать систему поэтапной работы по изучению региональной культуры в иностранной аудитории на основе изученного теоретического материала при внеаудиторных занятиях; создать учебно-методическую разработку, направленную на формирование лингворегионоведческих компетенций у студентов, изучающих русский язык как иностранный уровня А2-B1 (базовый и первый сертификационные уровни) на основе площадок Свердловского областного краеведческого музея им. О.Е. Клера, ЕМИИ, дома-музея П.П. Бажова. В процессе решения поставленных задач были сделаны следующие основные выводы: максимального эффекта в обучении иностранному языку можно добиться лишь при совокупном использовании видов речевой деятельности на уроке с учетом языкового уровня студентов; установлены основные функциональные особенности лингвострановедения и лингворегионоведения: повышение мотивации у обучающихся, развитие и совершенствование коммуникативной, лингвокультурологической и социокультурной компетенции; выявлено значение этих дисциплин в процессе преподавания и обучения РКИ — через изучение лингвострановедения и лингворегионоведения происходит снятие культурных и языковых трудностей, с которыми может встретиться студент в процессе обучения; создание учебно-методических разработок, основанных на материале музейных институций Екатеринбурга, расширяет культурный кругозор студента; формат проведения внеаудиторных занятий в виде уроков-экскурсий повышает мотивацию обучения студента, помогает в полной мере представить языковую картину мира, облегчает процесс адаптации обучающегося в новой языковой среде. / The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the regional culture, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of teaching Russian as a foreign language, to increase the motivation of students; the creative approach used, taking into account the principles of speech activity, helps in solving communicative problems that the student encounters in everyday life. The proposed draft teaching aid meets the requirements for the effectiveness of educational programs in teaching Russian as a foreign language. The purpose of the scientific research is to create an educational and methodological development on Russian as a foreign language for foreign students with the level of the Russian language A2-B1 (basic and first certification levels). The object of the study is the methodological aspect of the study of regional culture. The subject of the study is a system of methodological tasks and exercises that contribute to the development of types of speech activity. To achieve this goal, the following research objectives were formulated: to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of teaching different types of speech activity; identify the most informative cultural and educational places in Yekaterinburg to create an educational and methodological development based on them; develop a system of phased work on the study of regional culture in a foreign audience based on the studied theoretical material in extracurricular activities; to create an educational and methodological development aimed at the formation of linguistic and regional competences of students studying Russian as a foreign language at the A2-B1 level (basic and first certification levels) on the basis of the sites of the Sverdlovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore. O.E. Clair, EMII, house-museum of P.P. Bazhov. In the process of solving the tasks set, the following main conclusions were drawn: the maximum effect in teaching a foreign language can be achieved only with the combined use of types of speech activity in the lesson, taking into account the language level of students; the main functional features of linguo-cultural and linguo-regional studies have been established: increasing the motivation of students, developing and improving communicative, linguo-culturological and socio-cultural competence; the significance of these disciplines in the process of teaching and learning Russian as a foreign language is revealed - through the study of linguistic and regional studies and linguistic and regional studies, the removal of cultural and linguistic difficulties that a student may encounter in the learning process takes place; the creation of educational and methodological developments based on the material of the museum institutions of Yekaterinburg, expands the cultural horizons of the student; the format of extracurricular activities in the form of excursion lessons increases the student's learning motivation, helps to fully present the linguistic picture of the world, and facilitates the student's adaptation process in a new language environment.

Contexte : Pour les enfants d'âge préscolaire, avoir une télévision dans la chambre à coucher est un facteur de risque connu pour des effets psychologiques et comportementaux indésirables à l'adolescence. Grâce aux bienfaits sur le développement, la participation à des activités sportives pendant l'enfance pourrait agir comme un facteur de protection contre ces associations négatives liées à l’accès privé aux écrans. Les différences entre les sexes en ce qui concerne les habitudes d'écran et du sport prédisposent les garçons et les filles à des risques de psychopathologies développementales distincts. Objectif : Dans cette recherche, nous examinons le rôle modérateur des sports juvéniles dans l’association entre la télévision dans la chambre à coucher au préscolaire et les risques psychosociaux ultérieurs chez les garçons et les filles à 12 ans. Méthode : Cette étude examine 1859 garçons et filles de la cohorte de naissance de l'Étude longitudinale du développement de l'enfant du Québec ayant données sur la présence d’une télévision dans la chambre à coucher. Par la suite, nous examinons les risques psychosociaux rapportées par les enseignants à la fin de la sixième année. Par des régressions linéaires, l'interaction entre le placement d'une télévision dans la chambre à coucher rapporté par l'enfant (4 ans) et les trajectoires de participation sportive durant l'enfance rapportées par les parents (entre 6 et 10 ans) et leur association avec quatre comportements subséquents (12 ans) ont été examinés. Résultats : Chez les garçons, la participation sportive fréquente a amplifié l'association positive entre le une télévision dans la chambre et l'agression physique et les symptômes du TDAH ultérieurs. Chez les filles, la participation sportive moins fréquente a amplifié la relation entre la télévision dans la chambre à coucher et la timidité plus tard. Conclusion : Pour les garçons, la télévision dans la chambre à coucher peut nuire à une adaptation sociale adéquate, ce qui peut contrer les bienfaits attendus du sport. Ceci s’est traduit par une augmentation de l'agressivité physique et des symptômes du TDAH. Pour les filles ayant grandi avec une télévision dans leur chambre, moins d’opportunités sociales telles que le sport organisé était associé à un risque accru de timidité ultérieure. Ces résultats soulignent que la participation au sport parascolaire est un moyen important d'améliorer les interactions et d'acquérir des compétences sociales. / Background: Preschool bedroom television placement represents an established risk factor for negative psychological and behavioral outcomes in adolescence. Sustained childhood sport participation might be a protective factor for potential undesirable associations with having a bedroom screen in early childhood. Sex differences in screen and sport habits makes boys and girls at risk for different developmental psychopathology. Objective: This research examines the moderating role of youth sports on the association between preschool bedroom television and later psychosocial risks at age 12 for boys and girls. Method: This study examines 1859 boys and girls from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development birth cohort with a history of bedroom television. We examine subsequent teacher-reported psycho-social outcomes by the end of sixth grade. We used linear regression to examine the interaction between child-reported bedroom television placement (age 4 years) and parent-reported childhood sport participation trajectories (ages 6 to 10 years) in predicting four behavioral outcomes (age 12 years). Results: For boys, consistent extracurricular sport amplified the positive relationship between having a preschool bedroom television and subsequent physical aggression and ADHD symptoms. For girls, inconsistent extracurricular sport amplified the relationship between having a preschool bedroom television and subsequent shyness. Conclusion: For boys, bedroom television may inhibit adequate social preparedness which may unexpectedly counter the intended benefits of sport and thus, translate into higher physical aggression and ADHD symptoms. For girls having grown up with a bedroom television, limited exposure to social opportunities such as sport was associated with increased risk of later shyness. The findings corroborate that extracurricular sport is an important venue for enhancing social interactions and skill building.

No description available.

Young children nowadays interact with a lot of extracurricular English through different activities. They learn the language in ways other than formal contexts. This study investigates how extracurricular English provides children with knowledge about the English language. Moreover, this study addresses how extracurricular English can develop children’s knowledge, if it is integrated with the formal English teaching in the classroom. Lastly, I discuss how teachers may approach various levels of English skills in a heterogenous classroom. Due to children’s exposure to extracurricular English, they have different English skills. I conclude that teachers need different teaching strategies to help pupils develop, regardless of level. This puts pressure on teachers who are required to develop their competence.

No description available.