This quantitative study used eye-tracking technology to compare the attentional focus of 32 native English speakers and 26 native Korean speakers at the university level as they read idiomatic and literal phrases within well-formed sentences. Results revealed that native Korean speakers read both literal and idiomatic sentences slower than native English speakers. Additionally, native Korean speakers read idiomatic sentences slower than literal sentences, whereas native English speakers did not show a significant difference. Variables relating to language socialization, language development and idiom knowledge were also investigated to find which variables were correlated with reading measures. Of the variables tested, idiom knowledge was the only one that had significant effect on reading measures. These findings suggest that Korean speakers take longer to process English idioms as lexical units, though idiom familiarity seems to mitigate this effect.

Eye-tracking is the process of determining the point where the viewer is looking at. Therefore, an eye tracker is a device that measures eye positions and eye movements. Over the recent few years, eye trackers are being used in research in the area of medical technology, visual system, rehabilitation, and human-computer interaction. This study explores the application of eye-tracking in watching and rendering images on a computer screen. In this research, Eye-tracker 5 developed by Tobii is used which is a popular instrument among other eye trackers. Tobii Eye Tracker 5 includes a software development kit (SDK) enabling the creation of new research projects based on eye-tracking and head movement. This work measured eye-tracking streaming data on the digital images, and post-process the gaze data to observe the gaze pattern of the human eye. This thesis investigated the impact of blinking using subtle gaze direction (SGD) approach, which states that flickering on the computer screen in peripheral vision instead of foveal vision attracts human attention and as the viewer’s foveal vision attracted to that blinking point, flickering was stopped and, subsequently, performed flickering to the next point of interest while the viewer is watching the previous point of interest. The work successfully modeled flickering on the desired locations of an image. Furthermore, rendering to different images is also demonstrated in this work using entirely through eye movement. It is envisaged that eye-gazing-based control technology would have tremendous applications in almost all areas of future technology, particularly in assistive technology.

En el ámbito de la expresión gráfica arquitectónica, la realidad virtual supone una herramienta, indispensable en nuestros días, para comunicar del proyecto de arquitectura. Entre todos los canales de expresión de la realidad virtual, los renders o perspectivas digitales son los más comúnmente empleados en concursos, publicaciones y medios de divulgación arquitectónica. En estos soportes, las imágenes renderizadas permiten una rápida comprensión de la propuesta planteada, sean expertos o no los observadores de las mismas. El rápido avance de los programas informáticos de modelización digital ha permitido a los arquitectos producir sofisticadas imágenes como una valiosa herramienta para seducir a los observadores de las mismas. Si los medios de representación diédrica requieren del observador determinadas habilidades de interpretación espacial para imaginar el futuro lugar que el proyecto contendrá, estas imágenes nos trasladan directamente a él y nos permiten sentir lo que en aquellos lugares experimentaríamos. Estas sensaciones evocadas, generarán en el observador, una opinión más o menos favorable, sobre el espacio que la imagen representa. El proyecto necesita comunicarse, y por lo tanto requiere de cierta estrategia de comunicación. Si hasta ahora era el punto de vista del arquitecto el que inundaba la expresión del proyecto de arquitectura, ahora aparece la figura del usuario (jurado de concurso, futuro cliente, comprador de un piso) como un nuevo filtro a través del cual, se hace necesario observar el proyecto. Conocer los factores cognitivos que hay detrás del proceso de evaluación del observador permite la aplicación de técnicas, de manera que analizando las preferencias del usuario, éstas pueden ser incluidas en el proceso de diseño. La publicidad actual desarrolla sofisticadas estrategias para captar la atención del público general o de un determinado sector en particular, y despertar en él sentimientos que favorezcan la elección del producto diseñado. Sin embargo, no se encuentran apenas trabajos de investigación que analicen los factores cognitivos en renders de arquitectura. / Iñarra Abad, S. (2014). EL RENDER DE ARQUITECTURA. Análisis de la respuesta emocional del observador [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/38447 / TESIS / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales

No description available.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / A common impairment after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a deficit in emotional recognition, such as inferences of others’ intentions. Some researchers have found these impairments in 39\% of the TBI population. Our research information needed to make inferences about emotions and mental states comes from visually presented, nonverbal cues (e.g., facial expressions or gestures). Theory of mind (ToM) deficits after TBI are partially explained by impaired visual attention and the processing of these important cues. This research found that patients with deficits in visual processing differ from healthy controls (HCs). Furthermore, we found visual processing problems can be determined by looking at the eye tracking data developed from industry standard eye tracking hardware and software. We predicted that the eye tracking data of the overall population is correlated to the TASIT test. The visual processing of impaired (who got at least one answer wrong from TASIT questions) and unimpaired (who got all answer correctly from TASIT questions) differs significantly. We have divided the eye-tracking data into 3 second time blocks of time series data to detect the most salient individual blocks to the TASIT score. Our preliminary results suggest that we can predict the whole population's impairment using eye-tracking data with an improved f1 score from 0.54 to 0.73. For this, we developed optimized support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) classifier.

The present series of experiments were designed to investigate the utility of the use of a masking system to assess the development of stimulus control. The first experiment compares sample observing time with response accuracy in a match-to-sample task. The second experiment more closely examines this relation by subdividing the sample stimulus mask into four quadrants. The third experiment compares sample observing time during training with accuracy during a subsequent testing condition to determine if the observed differentiation between the quadrants was correlated with the development of stimulus control.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第20024号 / 情博第619号 / 新制||情||108(附属図書館) / 33120 / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 松山 隆司, 教授 熊田 孝恒, 准教授 川嶋 宏彰 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.