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The current investigation replicated and extended previous research on training of behavior professionals to implement functional assessment and analysis procedures. Specifically, the study extended procedures described by Metras to train board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs) to administer two components of the Interview Informed Synthesized Contingency Analyses (IISCA) by: (1) conducting the study in the context of a large residential/training facility for adults with ID, (2) including a participant who served as a behavior analyst for a caseload of individuals who lived and received services at the facility, and (3) adjusting the vignettes and interview scripts to reflect the change in context. This current study shows that, following a brief training sequence, the participant was able to accurately administer the open-ended interview and construct a synthesized test and control condition.

Islamic Philosophy seems essentially to be a response to the challenge that reached the Muslim world from Greek thought. Various conflicts arose in early Islam from time to time with respect to certain principles in different sects and everyone adapted whatever new form seemed to be conducive to his thought. The conflict between the Muctazilite tradition influenced by rationalism and Ashcarite tradition dominated by 'faith' was virtually set at naught by the chief of the Ashcarites, Abū-Ḥāmid Muḥammad al-Ghazālī (1058-1111 A.D.), who found the culmination of tradition in mystical awareness. From the time of al-Ashcarī down to that of al-Ghazālī the Arabs assimilated the fundamentals of Hellenism, and Greek culture caused a vigorous philosophical renaissance represented by Abū Naṣr al-Fārābī (died A.D. 950) and Abū-cAlī al-Husayn ibn-cAbd-Allāh ibn-Sīnā (A.D. 980-1037). Under the influence of their philosophical thought theology was shaken once more when confronted by the ideas of the Muctazila. Facts and phenomena had no ultimate significance beyond what they presented in experience. Men who were concerned with the refinements of philosophical speculations and the intricacies of metaphysical abstractions were greatly needed to work to the support of the dogmas of Islam and to nullify the conclusions of a philosophy inconsistent with it. When this colossal task appeared to be imperative, the Muslim world found their leader in al-Ghazālī who was capable of withstanding Hellenism and attacking its representatives. In addition to his being a philosopher who wished to counteract the unorthodox tendencies of his hellenising predecessors, al-Ghazālī was an eminent mystic, sufi and original thinker. In the Muslim world he was the great bridge between traditionalism and mysticism, activism and intuitionism. From the days of his youth he possessed an intense thirst for knowledge which persuaded him to study every form of philosophy and religion and to question all whom he met with regard to the nature and significance of their belief. He discussed problems of understanding, value of knowledge, learning, instruction, efficiency and duty. The ruthless iconoclasm practised by al-Ghazālī in destroying the revered images of Greek Philosophy which then held sway over the mind of many Muslims and his efforts to bring about a reconciliation between mysticism and orthodoxy crowned him with the title of Ḥujjat al-Islam.

Thesis (MMus (Music)) -- Stellenbosch University, 2010. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of the present study is twofold: I. In the first instance, it is aimed at promoting a better acquaintance with and a deeper understanding of the generally less well-known solmisation systems that have emerged within the oriental music sphere. In this regard a general definition of solmisation is provided, followed by a historic overview of indigenous solmisation systems that have been developed in China, Korea, Japan, India, Indonesia and the Arab world, thereby also confirming the status of solmisation as a truly global phenomenon. II. The second objective of the study was to investigate the current use of solmisation, and the Tonic Sol-fa system in particular, in aural training at South African universities. In order to achieve this, an inquiry was conducted by means of a survey which consisted of (a) a survey questionnaire that was sent to designers/instructors/coordinators of aural training modules at relevant South African universities and (b) additional correspondence that was subsequently undertaken with some of these respondents. This was done with the aim of obtaining information regarding the following: (1) the extent to which solmisation is still being employed in this context; (2) which solmisation systems or alternative approaches to solmisation are being used; (3) what the respondents’ personal motivations are for employing or not employing solmisation; (4) what instruction material is being utilised in either regard; and (5) what the respondents’ personal views are regarding the use of solmisation in aural training. The outcome of the survey confirmed that solmisation, and the Tonic Sol-fa system in particular, is still actively being used in aural training at South African universities, while at the same time providing some insight into the general application thereof in this context. On the whole, the survey also affirmed the continued relevance of solmisation, and the Tonic Sol-fa system in particular, both in the broader South African context and specifically within the context of aural training at South African universities, showing that solmisation continues to be regarded as a valuable aid in the instruction of aural training by the majority of the designers/instructors/coordinators of aural training modules that participated in the survey. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die onderhawige studie is tweeledig van aard: I. In die eerste plek is dit gemik op die bevordering van beter vertroudheid met en ’n grondiger begrip van die oor die algemeen minder bekende solmisasiestelsels wat binne die konteks van oosterse musiek na vore getree het. In hierdie verband word daar ’n algemene omskrywing van solmisasie voorsien, gevolg deur ’n historiese oorsig oor inheemse solmisasiestelsels wat ontwikkel is in China, Korea, Japan, Indië, Indonesië en die Arabiese wêreld, en word die status van solmisasie as ’n wesenlik wêreldwye verskynsel dan ook daardeur bevestig. II. Die tweede doelwit van die studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die huidige gebruik van solmisasie, en die Tonic Sol-fa stelsel in besonder, in gehooropleiding aan Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite. Om dit te bewerkstellig, is ’n ondersoek uitgevoer deur middel van ’n opname wat bestaan het uit (a) ’n opnamevraelys wat gestuur is aan opstellers/dosente/koördineerders van gehoorlopleidingsmodules aan relevante Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite en (b) bykomende korrespondensie wat daaropvolgend onderneem is met van hierdie respondente. Dit is gedoen met die doel om inligting te bekom rakende die volgende: (1) die mate waarin solmisasie nog binne hierdie konteks gebruik word; (2) watter solmisasiestelsels of alternatiewe benaderings vir solmisasie gebruik word; (3) wat die respondente se persoonlike motiverings is vir die gebruik van solmisasie al dan nie; (4) watter onderrigmateriaal daar in beide gevalle gebruik word; en (5) wat die respondente se persoonlike sieninge is ten opsigte van die gebruik van solmisasie in gehooropleiding. Die uitslag van die opname het bevestig dat solmisasie, en die Tonic Sol-fa stelsel in besonder, steeds aktief gebruik word in gehooropleiding aan Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite, en het terselfdertyd insig gebied in die algemene aanwending daarvan binne hierdie konteks. In sy geheel het die uitslag van die opname dan ook die voortgesette relevansie van solmisasie, en die Tonic Sol-fa stelsel in besonder, in die breër Suid-Afrikaanse konteks sowel as spesifiek binne die konteks van gehooropleiding aan Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite bevestig, en het dit aangetoon dat solmisasie steeds as ’n waardevolle hulpmiddel in die onderrig van gehooropleiding beskou word deur die meeste van die opstellers/dosente/koördineerders van gehoorlopleidingsmodules wat aan die opname deelgeneem het.

Thesis (MScEng (Civil Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / 192 leaves on CD format, preliminary i-xii pages and numbered pages 1-135. Includes bibliography, list of figures and tables. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: As a fibre reinforced material, engineered cementitious composite (ECC) has tough, strain-hardening behaviour in tension despite containing low volumes of fibres. This property can be brought about by developments in fibre, matrix and interfacial properties. Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA) fibre has been developed in recent years for ECC, due to its high tensile strength and elasticity modulus. However, the strong interfacial bond between fibre surface and matrix is a challenge for its application. This study focuses on the tailoring of matrix and fibre/matrix interfacial properties by cement replacement with fly ash (FA) and Ground Granulated Corex Slagment (GGCS). In this study the direct tensile test, three point bending test, micro-scale analysis, such as X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry analysis (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), are employed to investigate the influence of cement replacement, aging, Water/Binder (W/B) ratio, workability on ECC behaviour. This study has successfully achieved the aim that cement replacement by FA and GGCS helps to improve the fibre/matrix interfacial properties and therefore enhances the ECC tensile behaviour. Specifically, a high volume FA-ECC has stable high tensile strain capacity at the age of 21 days. This enables a constant matrix design for the investigation of other matrix influences. The Slag-ECC has a higher tensile strength but lower tensile strain capacity. The combination of FA and GGCS, moderate tensile strength and strain capacity is achieved Both tensile tests and Micro-scale analyses infer that the high volume FA-ECC has an adhesive type fibre/matrix interfacial interaction, as opposed to the cohesive type of normal PVA fibre-ECC. The different tensile behaviour trend of steel fibre-ECC and PVA fibre-ECC with the FA content is presented and discussed in this research. The investigations of aging influence indicate that the high volume FA-ECC has a beneficial effect on the properties of the composite at an early stage. However, at a high age, it has some difficulty to undergo multiple cracking and then leads to the reduction of tensile strain capacity. The modified mix design is made with the combination of FA and GGCS, which successfully increases the interfacial bond and, thereby, improves the shear transfer to reach the matrix crack strength. Therefore, an improved high age tensile behaviour is achieved. The W/B and fresh state workability influence investigations show that the W/B can hardly affect the tensile strain at early age. However, the workability influences on composite tensile strain significantly, because of the influence on fibre dispersion. Other investigations with regard to the hybrid fibre influences, the comparison of bending behaviours between extruded plate and cast plate, the relation between bending MOR and tensile stress, and the relation between compression strength and tensile strength contribute to understand ECC behaviour. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: As ‘n veselversterkte materiaal, het ontwerpte sementbasis saamgestelde materiale, taai vervormingsverhardingseienskappe in trek, ten spyte van lae veselinhoud. Hierdie eienskap word bewerkstellig, deur ontwikkelings in vesel, matriks en tussenveselbindingseienskappe. Poli-Viniel Alkohol (PVA) vesels is ontwikkel vir ECC, as gevolg van die hoë trekkrag en hoë modulus van hierdie veseltipe. Die sterk binding tussen die PVA-veseloppervlak en die matriks is egter ‘n uitdaging vir sy toepassing. Hierdie studie fokus op die skep van gunstige matriks en vesel/matriks tussenvesel-bindingseienskappe deur sement te vervang met vlieg-as (FA) en slagment (GGCS).In hierdie navorsing is direkte trek-toetse, drie-punt-buigtoetse, mikro-skaal analise (soos die X-straal ‘Fluorescence Spectrometry’ analise (XRF) en Skanderende Elektron Mikroskoop (SEM))toegepas. Hierdie metodes is gebruik om die invloed van sementvervanging,veroudering, water/binder (W/B)-verhouding en werkbaarheid op die meganiese gedrag van ECC te ondersoek.Die resultate van hierdie navorsing toon dat sementvervanging deur FA en GGCS help om die vesel/matriks tussenveselbindingseienskappe te verbeter. Dus is die ECC-trekgedrag ook verbeter. Veral ‘n hoë volume FA-ECC het stabiele hoë trekvervormingskapasiteit op ‘n ouderdom van 21 dae. Dit bewerkstellig ‘n konstante matriksontwerp vir die navorsing van ander matriks invloede. Die Slag-ECC het ‘n hoër treksterkte, maar laer trekvervormingskapasiteit. Deur die kombinasie van FA en GGCS word hoë treksterkte, sowel as gematigde vervormbaarheid in trek verkry. Beide trektoetse en mikro-skaal analise dui aan dat die hoë volume FA-ECC ‘n adhesie-tipe vesel/matriks tussenvesel-bindingsinteraksie het, teenoor die ‘kohesie-tipe van normale PVA vesel-ECC. Die verskille in trekgedrag van staalvesel-ECC en PVA vesel-ECC ten opsigte van die FA-inhoud is ondersoek en word bespreek in die navorsing. Die navorsing toon verder dat die hoë volume FA-ECC goeie meganiese eienskappe het op ‘n vroeë ouderdom. Op hoër ouderdom word minder krake gevorm, wat ‘n verlaging in die trekvervormingskapasiteit tot gevolg het. Met die kombinasie van FA en GGCS, word die vesel-matriksverband verhoog, waardeur ‘n verbetering in die skuifoordrag tussen vesel en matriks plaasvind. Verbeterde hoë omeganiese gedrag word daardeur tot stand gebring. Navorsing ten opsigte van die invoed van die W/B en werkbaarheid dui daarop dat die W/B slegs geringe invloed het op die trekvormbaarheid, terwyl die werkbaarheid ‘n dominerende rol speel in hierdie verband.Verdere studies sluit in die invloed van verskillende vesels, die vergelyking van die buigingsgedrag van geëkstueerde plate en gegote plate, die verhouding tussen buigsterkte en treksterkte, en die verhouding tussen druksterkte en treksterkte dra by tot beter begrip van die gedrag van ECC.

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Student Number : 9807768F - MSc (Med) research report - Faculty of Health Sciences / Fanconi anaemia (FA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by aplastic anaemia (AA) and a high risk of developing acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It is unknown whether heterozygote carriers are also predisposed to developing these disorders. The black South African population group is ideal for FA mutation screening because the presence of a founder mutation, FANCG 637-643, makes screening relatively straight forward. Three individuals with AML (115 screened) and one with AA (78 screened) were found to be heterozygous for the black South African founder mutation. From our data it seems unlikely that this mutation places heterozygous carriers of the mutation at high risk of developing AML or AA. Three children with AA out of 26 screened, were homozygous for the mutation. This finding reiterates the importance of screening all children with AA for FA. The frequency of certain congenital abnormalities in black South African FA patients was compared to patients described by other research groups. The frequencies of the abnormalities were similar to other FANCG cohorts described but significant differences to a group of FA patients from unspecified complementation groups were found. This difference could be because different complementation groups are associated more or less strongly with specific abnormalities. It was found previously that particular congenital abnormalities in FA patients are associated with a poor haematological outcome. We concluded that black South African FANCG patients have a high risk of early development of AA even though they do not have a high frequency of congenital abnormalities.

L'efficacité de la thérapie photodynamique (PDT) est confrontée à plusieurs verrous : les photosensibilisateurs (PSs) utilisés en clinique ne sont pas adaptés à la fenêtre thérapeutique, ils subissent un photoblanchiment lors du traitement, et leur nature organique pose des problèmes de solubilité en milieu biologique. Ils présentent également une faible sélectivité envers les tissus tumoraux à traiter. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, trois approches visant une amélioration de la PDT appliquée à la cancérologie ont été développées : la vectorisation, l'adressage, et l'optimisation de nouveaux PSs. La synthèse de structure PS/vecteur a permis d'élaborer des structures hydrophiles capables de vectoriser des PSs hydrophobes. Des porphyrines ont ainsi été greffées sur des dendrimères polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dissymétriques. La conservation des propriétés photophysiques des PSs après leur couplage au dendrimère a été mise en évidence. Des quantum dots (QDs), grâce à la modularité de leurs propriétés photophysiques et leur capacité à résister au photoblanchiment, ont été synthétisés et utilisés comme nouvelle classe d'agents photosensibilisants. Ces QDs ont été préparés afin d?être hydrophiles et utilisables dans la fenêtre thérapeutique de la PDT. Une étude in vitro des QDs couplés à l'acide folique a mis en évidence leur activité photodynamique. Des études réalisées par une approche de plans d'expérience a permis de hiérarchiser les facteurs expérimentaux en fonction de leurs impacts sur l'activité photodynamique. Nous avons en particulier montré une amélioration de la sélectivité des conjugués envers les cellules surexprimant le récepteur à l'acide folique. / Photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficiency is confronted to various barriers, such as photosensitizers (PSs) which are not optimized to the therapeutic window and endure photobleaching during treatment, moreover their organic nature can also lead to solubility problems for biological uses. Usual PSs show also a lack of selectivity toward tumor tissues to treat. In order to improve PDT treatment, three approaches were studied: delivery, targeting and use of a new class of photosensitizing agents.Synthesis of PS/delivery vehicle structure enabled to developed hydrophilic structure able to deliver hydrophobic PSs. Porphyrins were linked to dissymmetric polyamidoamine dendrimers. Conservation of the photophysical properties of PSs after linkage to the dendrimer was then highlighted.Due to the modularity of their photophysical properties and their capacity to resist to photobleaching, hydrodispersable Quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized to match the therapeutic window of PDT.In vitro studies of these QDs linked to folic acid showed their ability to induce a photodynamic activity. We used an experimental design approach to distinguish the impact of each experimental factor on the photodynamic activity of these QD-folic acid conjugates. We showed in particular an increase of the selectivity of the folic acid-linked QDs towards cell line overexpressing the folate receptor

By manipulating constraints and goals, this study had generated some ill-posed problems in "Fractions" which were packed into 2 mathematical tasks for teacher uses in an intended exploration of their perceived effectiveness of teaching mathematical problem-solving against their student responses through the lens of the theory of formative assessment. Each ill-posed problem was characterized by certain descriptive "instability" that users would have to define own sets of mathematical assumptions for problem-solving inquiries. 3 highly qualified, experienced, and trained mathematics teachers were purposefully recruited, and instructed to acquire and mark student responses without any prior teaching and intervention. Each of these teachers' perceptions of ill-posed problems was acquired through a semi-structured clinical case-interview. All teachers in common demonstrated only individual singular mathematical problem-solving inquiries as major instructional adjustments during evaluation, even though individuals had ample opportunities in manipulating the described intention of each problem. Although some could realize inquiries from students being alternative to own used, not all would intend to change initial instructional plans of each problem and could design dedicated tasks in extending given problem-solving contexts for subsequent teaching and maintaining the described problem-solving intentions merely because of evaluation purposes. The resulting thick teacher perceptions were then analyzed by the Mayring's (2015) Qualitative Content Analysis (QCA) method for exploring particularly those who could intend to influence and get influenced by students' used mathematical assumptions in interviews. Certain unanticipated uses of assumptions of student individuals and groups were evidently found to have influenced cognitively some teachers' further problem-solving inquiries at some interview instants and stimulated their perception changes. In the lack of subject implementation in mathematics education for the theory of "formative" assessment (Black & Wiliam, 2009), based on its definition, these instants should be put as their potential creations of and/or capitalizations upon certain asynchronous moments of contingency according to their planning of instructional adjustments for more comprehensive learning and definite growths of mathematical inquiries of students according to individuals' needs of problem-solving. Due to QCA, these perception changes might be characterized by four certain inductively formed categories of scenarios of perceptions, which were summarized as 1) Evaluation Perception, 2) Assumption Expansion Perception, 3) Assumption Collection Perception, and 4) Intention Indecision Perception. These scenarios of perceptions might be used to explore teachers' intentions, actions, and coherency in accounting for students' used assumptions in mathematical inquiries for given problem-solving contexts and extensions of given intentions of mathematical inquiries, particularly in their designs of mathematical tasks. Teacher uses of ill-posed problems were shown to have provided certain evidences in implementing formative assessments which should substantiate a subject implementation of its theory in the discipline of mathematics education. Methodologically, the current study also substantiate how theory-guided designs of ill-posed problems as well as generic plain text analysis through QCA have facilitate effectiveness comparisons of instructional adjustments within a teacher, across different teachers, decided prior knowledge, students of prior mathematical learning experiences, and students in different levels of schooling and class size.