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Orientador: Flávia Hebeler Barbosa Trovão / Resumo: Bibliotecas conformacionais de anticorpos vem constituindo importantes ferramentas na investigação científica de imunoglobulinas expressas em diferentes situações biológicas incluindo patologias. O conhecimento e elucidação estrutural de anticorpos diferenciais produzidos em patologias distintas pode representar ferramenta molecular fundamental para a intervenção na fisiopatologia da doença; incluindo diagnóstico diferencial, identificação de biomarcadores, terapêutica baseada em imunoglobulinas para bloqueio de patógenos bem como, contribuir para a constituição de painéis de anticorpos capazes de identificar epítopos agregando, também, informações para avanços no desenvolvimento de vacinas. A maior dificuldade atualmente reportada na literatura científica é a obtenção in vitro dos fragmentos Fab (Fragment Antigen Binding) devido à ausência de informações metodológicas das fases experimentais necessárias à construção do Fab, substrato essencial a construção de bibliotecas de anticorpos. Uma abordagem ainda inédita neste contexto é o desenvolvimento de uma metodologia experimental eficiente para a obtenção de bibliotecas de Fab na infecção pelo vírus ZIKA (ZIKV). A infecção pelo vírus ZIKA (ZIKV) vem sendo associada à casos de microcefalia em neonatos de gestantes infectadas e síndrome de Guillain-Barré, a neutralização viral baseada em anticorpos dirigidos contra epítopos específicos é pouco conhecida, a maioria dos estudos se referem a outros Flavivirus. A resposta imunológi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Conformational libraries of antibodies have become important tools for the scientific investigation of immunoglobulins expressed under different biological situations, including pathological conditions. The knowledge and structural elucidation of differential antibodies produced during distinct pathological conditions may be fundamental for intervention in the pathophysiology of diseases, including differential diagnosis, biomarker identification, immunoglobulin-based therapy for pathogen blocking, and constitution of antibody panels for identifying epitopes for vaccine advancement. Currently, the greatest difficulty reported in the scientific literature is the lack of methodological information for the experimental phases necessary for in vitro construction of Fab (Antigen Binding Fragment), an essential substrate for antibody library construction. In this context, an efficient experimental methodology for obtaining Fab libraries in ZIKA (ZIKV) virus infection is as yet unreported. ZIKV infection has been associated with cases of microcephaly in neonates of infected pregnant women and those with Guillain-Barré syndrome. However, viral neutralization based on antibodies directed against specific epitopes is not well understood, therefore, most studies have been carried out on other Flaviviruses. The humoral immune response is essential for protection against Flaviviruses; hence, it is important to understand the mechanisms of the host immune system against this virus. Thus, t... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Conference: 16th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2015 - "The next city". São Paulo, Brazil, July 8-10, 2015, At São Paulo, Brazil., Volume: Computer-Aided Architectural Design Futures. The Next City - New Technologies and the Future of the Built Environment ( Communications in Computer and Information Science, Volume 527 - 2015) / The present paper is a mapping study of digital fabrication laboratories in Latin America. It presents and discusses results from a survey with 31 universities’ fab labs, studios and independent initiatives in Latin America. The objective of this study is fourfold: firstly, to draw the cultural, social and economic context of implementation of digital fabrication laboratories in the region; secondly, to synthesize relevant data from correlations between organizational structures, facilities and technologies, activities, types of prototypes, uses and areas of application; thirdly, to draw a network of people and institutions, recovering connections and the genealogy of these fab labs; and fourthly, to present some fab labs that are intertwined with local questions. The results obtained indicate a complex “homo faber” network of initiatives that embraces academic investigations, architectural developments, industry applications, artistic propositions and actions in social processes.

Thesis (doctoral)--Uppsala University, 1981. / Bibliography: p. 28-37.

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Additive manufacturing is revolutionizing the aerospace, transportation, energy, healthcare and various consumer product industries, replacing centralized manufacturing plants with more localized fabrication. 3D printing has become ubiquitous within these industries for prototyping and production. Currently, the smallest 3D printed features are on the order of a micron. While sufficient for some academic and industry applications, nanoscale features are required for the electronics industry and research endeavors. Optical lithography is still the workhorse for industrial nanofabrication utilizing large expensive commercial foundries. Here, an atomic scale 3D printer is presented with many of the features found in a complex semiconductor fabrication plant. This process is reproduced using three separate die with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), which are bonded together to create an integrated 3D printer with the capability to print at the atomic scale. Due to the microscale size and surface areas of MEMS devices, they are extremely sensitive with rapid response times. These onboard MEMS devices replicate the functions of a thermal evaporator, patterning mask, mass sensor, heaters, temperature sensors and Van de Pauw setups. The assembled 3D printer dimensions are 3.8 mm x 2.5 mm x 1.8 mm (LxWxH) and it is therefore ideal for cryogenic environments. Quenched condensed thin film metals can be deposited using the atomic scale thermal evaporators in varying thicknesses up to approximately 50 nm. Replacing the atomic scale evaporators with microscale evaporators, the deposited film thickness can reach 3.5 microns. Evaporated films are monitored during and after the deposition with the embedded MEMS devices. While this particular 3D printing assembly is designed for research-scale investigations, the same technology could be extended to wafer-scale 3D printing with high resolution, rapid throughput, and reduced cost. / 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z

O objeto central desta pesquisa é o termo \"Maker Innovation\", uma síntese de estratégias \"makers\", tornando-as legíveis, replicáveis e contextualizadas dentro de um processo de Inovação pelo Design. Este conceito foi alcançado através do estudo qualitativo: (1) das práticas abertas provenientes do \"Open Design\" e conceitos relacionados, (2) dos ambientes colaborativos do tipo Fab Lab, e (3) das ações de indivíduos intitulados \"makers\". Ambos estão fazendo emergir um novo sistema, o chamado Ecossistema Maker. / The central object of this research is the term \"Maker Innovation\", a synthesis of \"maker\" strategies, presented in a readable, replicable and contextualized manner within a process of Innovation by Design. This concept was achieved through qualitative study of open practices from: (1) the \"Open Design\" and re¬lated concepts, (2) collaborative environments like Fab Lab and (3) the actions of individuals entitled \"makers\". Both are bringing out a new system, called Ecosystem Maker.

A síndrome mielodisplásica primária (SMD) compreende um grupo de doenças hematopoéticas clonal de célula tronco pluripotente cacacterizada por vários graus de pancitopenia e alterações morfológica das células hematopoeticas e risco aumentado de transformação para leucemia mielóide aguda. A citogenética e a morfologia da medula óssea desempenham um papel fundamental para o diagnóstico e o prognóstico desses pacientes. Alterações cromossômicas são encontradas em aproximadamente 30-50% dos casos. Devido à importância da análise desses fatores para escolha terapêutica, torna-se necessário definir as alterações morfológicas e citogenéticas que possam contribuir para o prognóstico. Esse trabalho visa correlacionar as características morfológicas e citogenéticas da medula óssea em pacientes com SMD primária com as classificações OMS e FAB e com o IPSS. Foram estudados 32 pacientes com SMD primária diagnosticados entre 2000 e 2009 no HUPE-UERJ. As características clínicas foram analisadas através do levantamento de prontuários. A análise citogenética foi feita pela técnica de bandeamento GTG em células da medula ossea. A análise morfológica da biópsia de medula óssea e do mielograma foram realizadas através da revisão de lâminas. Vinte e três pacientes foram classificados em estágios iniciais da doença (22 AR, 1 ARSA) e 9 em estágio avançado AREB de acordo com a FAB. Alterações cromossômicas foram detectadas em 16 pacientes (50%). As mais frequentes foram: del(11)(q23) e del(17p). Dos pacientes com doença avançada, seis (66%) apresentaram aumento significativo da relação M:E (p=0,003) e sete (77%) possuíam alterações arquiteturais acentuadas (p<0,001) em comparação ao grupo de doença inicial. Pacientes classificados como intermediário 2 e alto risco pelo IPSS tiveram importante perda arquitetural (p<0,001), número significativamente maior de micromegacariócitos (p=0,017) e seis (85%) sofreram transformação leucêmica (p=0,006). ALIP foi significantemente aumentada nos pacientes de pior prognóstico (p=0,0 1) e naqueles com doença avançada (p=0,001). Nossos resultados apresentaram implicações potenciais para o diagnóstico e o prognóstico da SMD primária. As alterações morfológicas foram associadas com as classificações FAB, OMS e com os grupos de risco segundo o IPSS. / The primary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) comprises a heterogeneous group of clonal bone marrow disorders characterized by varying degrees of pancytopenia and morphological abnormalities of hematopoietic cells, and an increased risk of transformation into acute myeloid leukemia. The morphology and the cytogenetic of bone marrow play a key role in the diagnosis and the prognosis. Chromosomal abnormalities are found in 30-50% of cases. Due to the importance of analyzing these factors for therapeutic choice, it becomes necessary to define the morphological and the cytogenetic changes which could contribute to the prognosis.The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological and cytogenetic features of bone marrow and their correlations with FAB and WHO clasification and IPSS. We studied 32 patients with primary MDS between 2000 - 2009. The clinical data was recovered from medical records. Morphological characteristics were analyzed through a review of bone marrow biopsies and mielogram slides. Cytogenetic analysis was performed by GTG banding from bone marrow cells. The patients were classified according to FAB in initial stages: RA (22 patients) and RARS (1 patient) and nine in advanced stages - RAEB. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 16 patients (50%). The most frequent abnormalities were: del(11)(q23) and del(17p). Patients with advanced disease, six (66%) had significant increased M:E ratio (p=0.003) and seven patients (77%) had increased architectural changes (p<0.001). Patients classified as intermediary 2 and high risk according IPSS had important architectural loss (p<0.001), presence of micromegakaryocyte was considered significant higher (p=0.017) and six patients (85%) underwent leukemia transformation (p=0.006). ALIP was significant higher in the patients with a worse prognosis (p=0.021) and advanced stage of disease (p=0.001). Our results showed potential implications for diagnosis and prognosis of MDS. The morphological findings in this study were associated with FAB and WHO groups and prognostic risk (IPSS).

A síndrome mielodisplásica primária (SMD) compreende um grupo de doenças hematopoéticas clonal de célula tronco pluripotente cacacterizada por vários graus de pancitopenia e alterações morfológica das células hematopoeticas e risco aumentado de transformação para leucemia mielóide aguda. A citogenética e a morfologia da medula óssea desempenham um papel fundamental para o diagnóstico e o prognóstico desses pacientes. Alterações cromossômicas são encontradas em aproximadamente 30-50% dos casos. Devido à importância da análise desses fatores para escolha terapêutica, torna-se necessário definir as alterações morfológicas e citogenéticas que possam contribuir para o prognóstico. Esse trabalho visa correlacionar as características morfológicas e citogenéticas da medula óssea em pacientes com SMD primária com as classificações OMS e FAB e com o IPSS. Foram estudados 32 pacientes com SMD primária diagnosticados entre 2000 e 2009 no HUPE-UERJ. As características clínicas foram analisadas através do levantamento de prontuários. A análise citogenética foi feita pela técnica de bandeamento GTG em células da medula ossea. A análise morfológica da biópsia de medula óssea e do mielograma foram realizadas através da revisão de lâminas. Vinte e três pacientes foram classificados em estágios iniciais da doença (22 AR, 1 ARSA) e 9 em estágio avançado AREB de acordo com a FAB. Alterações cromossômicas foram detectadas em 16 pacientes (50%). As mais frequentes foram: del(11)(q23) e del(17p). Dos pacientes com doença avançada, seis (66%) apresentaram aumento significativo da relação M:E (p=0,003) e sete (77%) possuíam alterações arquiteturais acentuadas (p<0,001) em comparação ao grupo de doença inicial. Pacientes classificados como intermediário 2 e alto risco pelo IPSS tiveram importante perda arquitetural (p<0,001), número significativamente maior de micromegacariócitos (p=0,017) e seis (85%) sofreram transformação leucêmica (p=0,006). ALIP foi significantemente aumentada nos pacientes de pior prognóstico (p=0,0 1) e naqueles com doença avançada (p=0,001). Nossos resultados apresentaram implicações potenciais para o diagnóstico e o prognóstico da SMD primária. As alterações morfológicas foram associadas com as classificações FAB, OMS e com os grupos de risco segundo o IPSS. / The primary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) comprises a heterogeneous group of clonal bone marrow disorders characterized by varying degrees of pancytopenia and morphological abnormalities of hematopoietic cells, and an increased risk of transformation into acute myeloid leukemia. The morphology and the cytogenetic of bone marrow play a key role in the diagnosis and the prognosis. Chromosomal abnormalities are found in 30-50% of cases. Due to the importance of analyzing these factors for therapeutic choice, it becomes necessary to define the morphological and the cytogenetic changes which could contribute to the prognosis.The aim of this study was to analyze the morphological and cytogenetic features of bone marrow and their correlations with FAB and WHO clasification and IPSS. We studied 32 patients with primary MDS between 2000 - 2009. The clinical data was recovered from medical records. Morphological characteristics were analyzed through a review of bone marrow biopsies and mielogram slides. Cytogenetic analysis was performed by GTG banding from bone marrow cells. The patients were classified according to FAB in initial stages: RA (22 patients) and RARS (1 patient) and nine in advanced stages - RAEB. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected in 16 patients (50%). The most frequent abnormalities were: del(11)(q23) and del(17p). Patients with advanced disease, six (66%) had significant increased M:E ratio (p=0.003) and seven patients (77%) had increased architectural changes (p<0.001). Patients classified as intermediary 2 and high risk according IPSS had important architectural loss (p<0.001), presence of micromegakaryocyte was considered significant higher (p=0.017) and six patients (85%) underwent leukemia transformation (p=0.006). ALIP was significant higher in the patients with a worse prognosis (p=0.021) and advanced stage of disease (p=0.001). Our results showed potential implications for diagnosis and prognosis of MDS. The morphological findings in this study were associated with FAB and WHO groups and prognostic risk (IPSS).

O objeto central desta pesquisa é o termo \"Maker Innovation\", uma síntese de estratégias \"makers\", tornando-as legíveis, replicáveis e contextualizadas dentro de um processo de Inovação pelo Design. Este conceito foi alcançado através do estudo qualitativo: (1) das práticas abertas provenientes do \"Open Design\" e conceitos relacionados, (2) dos ambientes colaborativos do tipo Fab Lab, e (3) das ações de indivíduos intitulados \"makers\". Ambos estão fazendo emergir um novo sistema, o chamado Ecossistema Maker. / The central object of this research is the term \"Maker Innovation\", a synthesis of \"maker\" strategies, presented in a readable, replicable and contextualized manner within a process of Innovation by Design. This concept was achieved through qualitative study of open practices from: (1) the \"Open Design\" and re¬lated concepts, (2) collaborative environments like Fab Lab and (3) the actions of individuals entitled \"makers\". Both are bringing out a new system, called Ecosystem Maker.