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<p>This Master’s Thesis is an evaluation of the software Xilinx System Generator (XSG) and blockset for Matlab. XSG is a module to simulink developed by Xilinx in order to generate VHDL code directly from functions implemented in Matlab. The evaluation was made at Saab Avionics AB in Järfälla, north of Stockholm. </p><p>In order to investigate the performance of this new module XSG to simulink, a model of a frequency estimator often used in digital radar receivers were implemented in Matlab using XSG. Engineers working at SAAB Avionics implemented the same application directly in VHDL, without using Matlab and the XSG. After generating code the results were synthesised, analysed and compared. </p><p>The frequency estimator basically contains an FFT, a windowing function and a sorting algorithm used to enable analyse of two real signals simultaneously. There were however problems during generation of the VHDL code and the model had to be broken into smaller parts containing only a 16-point FFT. The results of comparison in this report are based on models containing only this 16-point FFT and they show a small advantage for the System Generator according to the resource usage report generated during synthesis. </p><p>Designing models for generation using Xilinx Blockset can create a lot of wiring between components. The reason for this is that the System Generator and Xilinx Blockset today is a new tool, not completely developed. There are many components found in simulink, Matlab that could not be found in Xilinx Blockset, this is however being improved. Another problem is long time for simulation and errors during generation. </p><p>My opinion is that when used for smaller systems and with further development the System Generator can be a useful facility in designing digital electronics.</p>

<p>One of ABB Power Systems´s business areas is HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) technology. HVDC is used for transmissions for both short and long distances. One of Power Systems’s products is called HVDC Light. </p><p>HVDC Light is a relatively new technology for power transmission, but have before only been used for motor drives applications. The technology is based on VSC (Voltage Source Converter) that uses a technique called PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). </p><p>There are a lot of PWM patterns that have been examined, but not in the field of power transmission where ABB Power Systems is working. </p><p>The different PWM patterns can be used for reducing switching losses or harmonics, that can cause the need of external filters to decrease or increase. </p><p>The purpose of this report is to give a general picture of the system that generates the PWM patterns. The report describes some main components in the system. T</p><p>he thesis also present amplitude spectrum from various PWM patterns - generated by signals that have been pulse width modulated with a triangle- shaped wave. </p><p>By showing the frequency-content, the decisions are eased for the engineers and technicians that are working with this kind of questions. </p><p>An analysis of different PWM patterns have been done. The kind of reference waves that generate the PWM patterns are called Dead Band PWM and Modified SPWM. </p><p>Comparisons have been done for Dead Band PWM, between harmonics and the width of Dead Band. Comparisons have been done for Modified SPWM, between: </p><p>1. fundamental frequency and modulation index. </p><p>2. different Modified SPWM and their harmonics.</p>

Application aux calculs radiocristallographiques des algorithmes de transformation de Fourier rapide (Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)).

In this thesis, we design, develop and implement parallel algorithms for irregular problems on heterogeneous multi-core architectures. Irregular problems exhibit random and unpredictable memory access patterns, poor spatial locality and input dependent control flow. Heterogeneous multi-core processors vary in: clock frequency, power dissipation, programming model (MIMD vs. SIMD), memory design and computing units, scalar versus vector units. The heterogeneity of the processors makes designing efficient parallel algorithms for irregular problems on heterogeneous multicore processors challenging. Techniques of mapping tasks or data on traditional parallel computers can not be used as is on heterogeneous multi-core processors due to the varying hardware. In an attempt to understand the efficiency of futuristic heterogeneous multi-core architectures on applications we study several computation and bandwidth oriented irregular problems on one heterogeneous multi-core architecture, the IBM Cell Broadband Engine (Cell BE). The Cell BE consists of a general processor and eight specialized processors and addresses vector/data-level parallelism and instruction-level parallelism simultaneously. Through these studies on the Cell BE, we provide some discussions and insight on the performance of the applications on heterogeneous multi-core architectures. Verifying these experimental results require some performance modeling. Due to the diversity of heterogeneous multi-core architectures, theoretical performance models used for homogeneous multi-core architectures do not provide accurate results. Therefore, in this thesis we propose an analytical performance prediction model that considers the multitude architectural features of heterogeneous multi-cores (such as DMA transfers, number of instructions and operations, the processor frequency and DMA bandwidth). We show that the execution time from our prediction model is comparable to the execution time of the experimental results for a complex medical imaging application.

Extracting the Electric Network Frequency (ENF) fluctuations from an audio recording and comparing it to a reference database is a new technology intended to perform forensic digital audio authentication. The objective of this thesis is to implement and design a range of programs and algorithms for capturing and extracting ENF signals. The developed C-program combined with a probe can be used to build the reference database. Our implementation of the Short-Time Fourier Transform method is intended for the ENF extraction of longer signals while our novel proposed use of the Autoregressive parametric method and our implementation of the zero-crossing approach tackle the case of shorter recordings. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) was developed to facilitate the process of extracting the ENF fluctuations. The whole process is tested and evaluated for various scenarios ranging from long to short recordings.

In this thesis, we design, develop and implement parallel algorithms for irregular problems on heterogeneous multi-core architectures. Irregular problems exhibit random and unpredictable memory access patterns, poor spatial locality and input dependent control flow. Heterogeneous multi-core processors vary in: clock frequency, power dissipation, programming model (MIMD vs. SIMD), memory design and computing units, scalar versus vector units. The heterogeneity of the processors makes designing efficient parallel algorithms for irregular problems on heterogeneous multicore processors challenging. Techniques of mapping tasks or data on traditional parallel computers can not be used as is on heterogeneous multi-core processors due to the varying hardware. In an attempt to understand the efficiency of futuristic heterogeneous multi-core architectures on applications we study several computation and bandwidth oriented irregular problems on one heterogeneous multi-core architecture, the IBM Cell Broadband Engine (Cell BE). The Cell BE consists of a general processor and eight specialized processors and addresses vector/data-level parallelism and instruction-level parallelism simultaneously. Through these studies on the Cell BE, we provide some discussions and insight on the performance of the applications on heterogeneous multi-core architectures. Verifying these experimental results require some performance modeling. Due to the diversity of heterogeneous multi-core architectures, theoretical performance models used for homogeneous multi-core architectures do not provide accurate results. Therefore, in this thesis we propose an analytical performance prediction model that considers the multitude architectural features of heterogeneous multi-cores (such as DMA transfers, number of instructions and operations, the processor frequency and DMA bandwidth). We show that the execution time from our prediction model is comparable to the execution time of the experimental results for a complex medical imaging application.

The epilepsy is not a recent phenomenon, even its has being approached and Inves- tigated, this area still demands several researches and it is far away from being totally explained. The obtaining of the primordial features to di®erentiate the epileptic events of the others, in coming signs EEG of scalp, it represents a great challenge, since exist to many artifacts, and these are confused with epileptic events. In this sense, this study presents the development of architectures destined to detect events of epilepsy in coming signs EEG of scalp, capable to aid the professionals of the health in the study of this pathology To accomplish the objectives, ¯rstly was developed an application capable to visualize EEG and to segment the electroencephalogram plan to form the base of data Concerning to the detection of the pathological signs, four architectures were proposed. The architecture with analysis multi-resolution used the \ wavelet " (WT) for extraction of features, as well as neural networks and specialist system for recognition. For that architecture the best gotten results obtained a rate of 71,6 % of success, with 28,3 % of error. The sensibility was around 83,3 %, the speci¯city 70,5 % and the precision 76,9 %. The statistical architecture is directly composed of tools for features extraction of the sign. The best success rate was around 85,3 %, the obtained error was of 14,3 % and the inde¯nite ones around 1 %. The sensibility was of 97,4 %, the speci¯city 82,1 % and the precision 89,75 %. The architecture of analysis multi-resolution and AR possesses two stages for extraction of feature: the \ wavelet ", following by the AR models. For that architecture they used two AR models . The best success rate for the \ Yule-Walker"model was around 87,9 %, with order 10. Already in the results of the \ Burg"model, the best success rate was of 88,5 % with order 7. For the last architecture is a hybrid model with several tools of extraction of features in the domain of the time, frequency (FFT) and time-frequency (WT). In that architecture the success rate was in 95,1 %, the error 4,1 % the inde¯nite ones 5,5 %. The speci¯city was of 91,5 %, the obtained sensibility was of 90,5 % and the precision around 91,1 %. Therefore all of the developed systems presented quite coherent results among the phenomena demarcated by the professionals of the medical area and those revealed by the architectures, mainly for the case of the hybrid architecture that presented the best rates. / A identificação de fenômenos epileptogênicos por meio de registros eletroencefalográficos (EEG) não invasivos se constitui numa área de pesquisa que apresenta grandes desafios devido µa presença de diversos distúrbios (artefatos) que dificultam a análise destes registros. Tal tarefa é de extrema importância uma vez que o diagnóstico e o tratamento da epilepsia requer uma avaliação clínica baseada no EEG do paciente. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta alguns sistemas para melhorar a identificação dos sinais de crise epilépticas baseados em técnicas de processamento de sinais e de inteligência artificial. Estas propostas são baseadas em uma plataforma que permite a visualização e análise dos arquivos de EEG. Para a detecção de eventos patológicos, são propostas quatro arquiteturas. Na arquitetura com análise multi-resolução foram utilizadas duas famílias wavelet (WT) para a extração de características, redes neurais artificiais e sistema especialista para o reconhecimento dos sinais de crise. Com essa arquitetura, o melhor resultado conseguido foi uma taxa de acerto de 71,6% no reconhecimento dos sinais patológicos. A sensibilidade ficou em torno de 83,3%, a especificidade 70,5% e a precisão 76,9%. Já a arquitetura estatística é composta de ferramentas para extração de características diretamente do sinal. A melhor taxa de acerto ficou em torno de 85,3%, o erro obtido foi de 14,3% e os indefinidos em torno de 1%. A sensibilidade foi de 97,4%, a especificidade 82,1% e a precisão 89,75%. A arquitetura de análise multi-resolução com modelo auto-regressivo (AR) possui duas etapas para extração de características: a \wavelet" (WT), seguida do modelo AR. Para essa arquitetura foram utilizados dois modelos AR. A melhor taxa de acerto para o modelo \Yule-Walker" ficou em torno de 87,9%, com ordem 10. Já para os resultados do modelo\Burg", a melhor taxa de acerto foi de 88,5% com ordem 7. A última arquitetura é um modelo híbrido com várias ferramentas de extração de características no domínio do tempo, freqüência (FFT) e tempo-freqüência (WT). Nessa arquitetura a taxa de acerto ficou em 95,1%, o erro em 4,1% e os indefinidos em 5,5%. A especificidade foi de 91,5%, a sensibilidade obtida foi de 90,5% e a precisão em torno de 91,1%. Todos os sistemas desenvolvidos apresentaram resultados coerentes com os fenômenos demarcados pelos eletroencefalografistas e aqueles revelados pelas arquiteturas. Dentre as propostas, a arquitetura híbrida apresentou o melhor desempenho. / Doutor em Ciências

Fluid simulating is one of the most difficult problems in computer graphics. On the other hand, water appears in our life very frequently. This thesis focuses on water simulating. We have two main methods to do this in the thesis: the first is wave based water simulating; Sine wave summing based and Fast Fourier Transform based methods are all belong to this part. The other one is physics based water simulating. We make it based on Navier-Stokes Equation and it is the most realistic animation of water. It can deal with the boundary and spray which other method cannot express. Then we put our emphasis on implement by the physics method using Navier-Stokes Equation.

One of ABB Power Systems´s business areas is HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) technology. HVDC is used for transmissions for both short and long distances. One of Power Systems’s products is called HVDC Light. HVDC Light is a relatively new technology for power transmission, but have before only been used for motor drives applications. The technology is based on VSC (Voltage Source Converter) that uses a technique called PWM (Pulse Width Modulation). There are a lot of PWM patterns that have been examined, but not in the field of power transmission where ABB Power Systems is working. The different PWM patterns can be used for reducing switching losses or harmonics, that can cause the need of external filters to decrease or increase. The purpose of this report is to give a general picture of the system that generates the PWM patterns. The report describes some main components in the system. T he thesis also present amplitude spectrum from various PWM patterns - generated by signals that have been pulse width modulated with a triangle- shaped wave. By showing the frequency-content, the decisions are eased for the engineers and technicians that are working with this kind of questions. An analysis of different PWM patterns have been done. The kind of reference waves that generate the PWM patterns are called Dead Band PWM and Modified SPWM. Comparisons have been done for Dead Band PWM, between harmonics and the width of Dead Band. Comparisons have been done for Modified SPWM, between: 1. fundamental frequency and modulation index. 2. different Modified SPWM and their harmonics.