Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:33:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ricardo Tadeu da Silva.pdf: 704175 bytes, checksum: 46ec2c5049f4ed9ea3f6be7821439aa9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The present dissertation is the result of a research accomplished in 2008, aiming to analyze the reasons that lead students who finish high school at public state net in Northwest area of Sao Paulo to intend to enter public or private colleges. The aim of the research is to analyze the knowledge that students who attend evening classes at the public state net have about the federal government programs (ProUni and FIES), as expectation and expression of being admitted at private colleges. The data collection was made through a questionary, collection fundamental basis. Pierre Bourdieu s cultural, economical and social capital concepts were used on the analysis, as well as Maria Alice Foracchi s and Maria Helena Augusto s works, sources for understanding the expectations of students who belong to lower classes families. The hypothesis of the research is: the knowledge about the federal government programs (ProUni and FIES) depend on the economical and cultural capital of the student, as well as on the social relations established at social and school ambits. The research took place at two schools in the Northwest area of Sao Paulo. The schools were chosen due to their results at the 2007 ENEM examination. We worked with two schools: those that got the best and the lower grades at the 2007 ENEM. We applied the questionary to a 3rd grade evening high school group of each school, coming down to 96 students. We have chosen students from the evening period because there are evidences that identify them as being the economical and social excluded ones lots of them are workers who get tired to school and many times they have learning gaps. With the results we got on the analysis we can state: the students who showed a good knowledge about ProUni are different from those who did not know about it owing to the fact of taking or having taken extracurricular courses, of dedicating hours to study out of the classroom, of using the internet, taking trips, going to museums, theaters and movies. The expectations of those who know ProUni can be abridged as an indispensable means to access the labor market and a way to social ascension. Among all aspects related to social and cultural capital, the subjects from the school with the higher grades at ENEM overcome the ones from the school with the lower grades. The economical capital is practically the same at both schools / A presente dissertação é resultado de pesquisa realizada em 2008, tendo como problema analisar quais as razões que direcionam os alunos concluintes do ensino médio da rede pública estadual da zona noroeste de São Paulo a pretender ingressar no ensino superior público ou privado. O objetivo de nossa pesquisa é analisar o conhecimento que os alunos do ensino médio noturno da rede pública estadual têm dos programas do governo federal (ProUni e FIES), como expectativa e expressão de ingresso no ensino superior privado. A coleta de dados foi feita a partir de um questionário, base fundamental da coleta. Os conceitos de capital cultural, econômico e social de Pierre Bourdieu foram empregados na análise, além dos trabalhos de Maria Alice Foracchi e Maria Helena Augusto, fontes para compreensão das expectativas dos estudantes, enquanto pertencentes a famílias de frações de classe média baixa. A hipótese de pesquisa com a qual trabalhamos é: o conhecimento das informações sobre os programas do governo federal (ProUni e FIES) depende do capital econômico, cultural de origem, e de relações sociais estabelecidas no âmbito social e no âmbito escolar. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas escolas da zona noroeste de São Paulo. As escolas foram escolhidas com base nos resultados obtidos pelas mesmas no Exame do ENEM 2007. Trabalhamos com a escola que obteve a maior e com a que obteve menor nota no ENEM 2007. Aplicamos o questionário em uma turma do 3° ano do ensino médio noturno de cada uma das escolas, totalizando 96 sujeitos. Escolhemos alunos do período noturno, por termos evidências que os identificam como sendo os excluídos em termos sociais e econômicos, muitos são trabalhadores, chegam cansados para as aulas e muitas vezes apresentam lacunas de aprendizagem. Com os resultados obtidos na análise, podemos afirmar: os alunos que apresentaram um bom conhecimento do ProUni podem ser diferenciados dos que não o conhecem, pelo fato de fazerem ou terem feito mais de um curso extracurricular, por dedicarem horas de estudo fora da sala de aula, uso da internet, realizarem viagens e por frequentarem museus, teatros e cinemas. As expectativas dos sujeitos que conhecem bem o ProUni podem ser resumidas como meio indispensável para o acesso ao mercado de trabalho e um caminho para a ascensão social. Em todos os aspectos relacionados ao capital cultural e social, os sujeitos da escola com maior nota no ENEM superam os sujeitos da escola de menor nota no ENEM. O capital econômico é praticamente o mesmo nas duas escolas

This thesis deals with developing Galerkin based solution strategies for several important classes of differential equations involving derivatives and integrals of various fractional orders. Fractional order calculus finds use in several areas of science and engineering. The use of fractional derivatives may arise purely from the mathematical viewpoint, as in controller design, or it may arise from the underlying physics of the material, as in the damping behavior of viscoelastic materials. The physical origins of the fractional damping motivated us to study viscoelastic behavior of disordered materials at three levels. At the first level, we review two first principles models of rubber viscoelasticity. This leads us to study, at the next two levels, two simple disordered systems. The study of these two simplified systems prompted us towards an infinite dimensional system which is mathematically equivalent to a fractional order derivative or integral. This infinite dimensional system forms the starting point for our Galerkin projection based approximation scheme. In a simplified study of disordered viscoelastic materials, we show that the networks of springs and dash-pots can lead to fractional power law relaxation if the damping coefficients of the dash-pots follow a certain type of random distribution. Similar results are obtained when we consider a more simplified model, which involves a random system coefficient matrix. Fractional order derivatives and integrals are infinite dimensional operators and non-local in time: the history of the state variable is needed to evaluate such operators. This non-local nature leads to expensive long-time computations (O(t2) computations for solution up to time t). A finite dimensional approximation of the fractional order derivative can alleviate this problem. We present one such approximation using a Galerkin projection. The original infinite dimensional system is replaced with an equivalent infinite dimensional system involving a partial differential equation (PDE). The Galerkin projection reduces the PDE to a finite system of ODEs. These ODEs can be solved cheaply (O(t) computations). The shape functions used for the Galerkin projection are important, and given attention. Calculations with both global shape functions as well as finite elements are presented. The discretization strategy is improved in a few steps until, finally, very good performance is obtained over a user-specifiable frequency range (not including zero). In particular, numerical examples are presented showing good performance for frequencies varying over more than 7 orders of magnitude. For any discretization held fixed, however, errors will be significant at sufficiently low or high frequencies. We discuss why such asymptotics may not significantly impact the engineering utility of the method. Following this, we identify eight important classes of fractional differential equations (FDEs) and fractional integrodifferential equations (FIEs), and develop separate Galerkin based solution strategies for each of them. Distinction between these classes arises from the fact that both Riemann-Liouville as well as Caputo type derivatives used in this work do not, in general, follow either the law of exponents or the commutative property. Criteria used to identify these classes include; the initial conditions used, order of the highest derivative, integer or fractional order highest derivative, single or multiterm fractional derivatives and integrals. A key feature of our approximation scheme is the development of differential algebraic equations (DAEs) when the highest order derivative is fractional or the equation involves fractional integrals only. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our approximation scheme, we compare the numerical results with analytical solutions, when available, or with suitably developed series solutions. Our approximation scheme matches analytical/series solutions very well for all classes considered.

Submitted by JESSYCA LAGES (jessycalcastro@gmail.com) on 2017-06-23T16:20:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL_JESSYCA_AJUSTADA (1).pdf: 2878592 bytes, checksum: b6b8dca847a0c4aad30bdc4d5d70569c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2017-06-23T18:35:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL_JESSYCA_AJUSTADA (1).pdf: 2878592 bytes, checksum: b6b8dca847a0c4aad30bdc4d5d70569c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T12:57:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO FINAL_JESSYCA_AJUSTADA (1).pdf: 2878592 bytes, checksum: b6b8dca847a0c4aad30bdc4d5d70569c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-24 / The main objective of the present study was to analyze the effects that the new regulation of the FIES of December 2014 caused the strategies of management and growth of the Institutions of Private Higher Education, so that they maintained to maintain the level of growth predicted in the Plan of Institutional Development (IDP). In this sense, during the course of the study, a historical survey was developed showing the different stages of the evolution of the educational system of higher education in Brazil, which made evident the various changes that have been implemented during the several governments that have passed through the decades of social, Political and educational in the country. Consequently, the main characteristics of the education public policies cycle of higher education were described and analyzed, which sought to detail the main aspects and factors that contributed to promote the access of the population to higher education in Brazil. A historical survey of the Student Financing Fund (FIES) was also carried out, analyzing the constitutionality of the new rules that were established in the year 2014, comparing them with previous rules, in order to better understand the aspects that were modified Are possible consequences of these changes, both for HEIs and for the population that enters higher education. Finally, in the case study developed, the analysis of the effects of the changes resulting from the new rules established in the year 2014 was implemented, emphasizing these impacts in the private HEIs of the state of Ceará. From this perspective, it was sought to analyze the management solutions implemented by HEIs after the new regulations of December 2014, specifically observing the following factors: the number of participants in private HEIs, the management strategies and the level of growth of the institutions. IES provided by the PDI - Institutional Development Plan). It was concluded that the two heis studied present more similarities regarding management strategies than differences. In this way the FIES is so influential and essential in the education sector that even HEIs with little exposure are significantly dependent on the program. / O objetivo principal da presente pesquisa consistiu em analisar os efeitos que a nova regulamentação do FIES de dezembro de 2014 causou as estratégias de gestão e crescimento das Instituições de Ensino Superior Privadas, para que as mesmas mantivessem para manter o nível de crescimento previsto no Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PDI). Neste sentido, no decorrer do estudo foi desenvolvido um levantamento histórico demonstrando as diversas etapas da evolução do sistema educacional do ensino superior no Brasil, que deixou evidente as diversas mudanças que foram implantadas no decorrer dos diversos governos que passaram através das décadas de desenvolvimento social, político e educacional no país. Consequentemente, foram descritas e analisadas as principais características do ciclo das políticas públicas educacionais de ensino superior, por meio do qual procurou-se detalhar os principais aspectos e fatores que contribuíram para promover o acesso da população ao ensino superior no Brasil. Também foi feito o levantamento histórico do Fundo de Financiamento Estudantil (FIES), analisando-se a constitucionalidade das novas regras que foram estabelecidas no ano de 2014, comparando-as com as normas anteriores, com o intuito de melhor compreender os aspectos que foram modificados es possíveis consequências destas mudanças, tanto para as IES quanto para a população que ingressa no ensino superior. Por fim, no estudo de caso desenvolvido, foi implementada à análise dos efeitos das mudanças decorrentes das novas regras estabelecidas no ano de 2014, enfatizando estes impactos nas IES privadas do estado do Ceará. A partir desta perspectiva buscou-se analisar as soluções de gestão implementadas pelas IES após as novas portarias de dezembro de 2014, observado, especificamente, os seguintes fatores: o número de ingressantes nas IES privadas, as estratégias de gestão e o nível de crescimento das IES previsto pelo PDI- Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional). Concluiu-se que as duas IES estudadas apresentaram mais semelhanças quanto às estratégias de gestão do que diferenças. Desta forma o FIES é tão influente e essencial no setor da educação que mesmo as IES com pouca exposição dependem significativamente do programa.

Submitted by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-06-05T14:27:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_FinanciamentoEducacaoSuperior.pdf: 3104377 bytes, checksum: b41da705dedb5ba98e6218d7d319a5ce (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Irvana Coutinho (irvana@ufpa.br) on 2017-06-05T14:27:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_FinanciamentoEducacaoSuperior.pdf: 3104377 bytes, checksum: b41da705dedb5ba98e6218d7d319a5ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T11:43:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_FinanciamentoEducacaoSuperior.pdf: 3104377 bytes, checksum: b41da705dedb5ba98e6218d7d319a5ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-13 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Trata-se de estudo que teve por objeto a análise do financiamento e da expansão do setor educacional privado-mercantil, no Brasil, com a utilização de recursos do fundo público, no contexto do processo de financeirização da educação superior privada. O estudo teve por objetivo geral analisar a política de financiamento da educação superior privada, por meio de mecanismos governamentais de incentivo às entidades privadas, como a concessão de renúncia fiscal, no âmbito do Prouni, e os contratos de financiamento estudantil, a fim de identificar as implicações desses incentivos governamentais no processo de expansão e de financeirização da educação superior, com formação de oligopólios educacionais. Considera-se que a investigação sobre o financiamento do setor privado-mercantil, com recursos do fundo público, pressupõe a compreensão da totalidade social, com seus condicionantes estruturais e conjunturais, ou seja, inserido no modo de produção capitalista. Assim sendo, analisa-se o financiamento da expansão da educação superior privado-mercantil, considerando sua natureza e especificidade, no contexto da crise estrutural do capital e do processo de mundialização do capital financeiro, com análise das orientações de organismos internacionais e da legitimação do uso do fundo público, por meio da regulação educacional. A tese que norteou a pesquisa é a de que a política de concessão de incentivos a entidades privadas de ensino superior, com a utilização de recursos do fundo público, como ocorre com os mecanismos de renúncia fiscal, por meio do Prouni, e com o financiamento estudantil (Fies), corresponde a uma forma de nexo entre o Estado e o capital financeiro, no âmbito educacional, que objetiva atender aos interesses do capital, contribuindo para a expansão de instituições privadas e favorecendo a acumulação financeira de investidores nacionais e internacionais (acionistas-proprietários) em decorrência do processo de financeirização da educação superior. Tendo por base suportes teórico-metodológicos do materialismo histórico-dialético, analisou-se o financiamento público na expansão da educação superior privada, nos grupos educacionais Estácio Participações S.A., GAEC Educação S.A. (Ânima) e Ser Educacional S.A., com dados extraídos de demonstrativos contábeis e financeiros, fornecidos pelos referidos grupos, demonstrativos de renúncias fiscais da Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil e relatórios de gestão do Fies, com ênfase no período de 2007 a 2015. Os dados revelam que os recursos do fundo público destinados ao setor privado-mercantil contribuem para o aumento da lucratividade de grupos educacionais, com incremento da base de alunos na graduação presencial, havendo redução da carga tributária em decorrência de renúncias fiscais do Prouni e de garantia de crédito por parte do governo federal, nos contratos de financiamento estudantil. Os dados analisados demonstraram que o Fies tem significativa relevância para a receita líquida dos grupos pesquisados, com percentual de aproximadamente 40% das mensalidades dos cursos de graduação. Os recursos do Fies também são utilizados para compensação de tributos devidos pelas instituições ao governo federal, em especial, as contribuições previdenciárias. Além disso, com o Fies, há emissão de títulos da dívida pública em favor das instituições privadas de ensino, que reforçam o processo de financeirização dos grupos educacionais, com a oferta destes títulos e com as recompras efetuadas pelo governo federal. Observou-se que as mudanças no Fies, promovidas no final de 2014, não afetaram o montante de recursos financeiros destinados aos grupos Estácio, Ânima e Ser Educacional, tampouco houve redução do número de contratos do Fies celebrados por estudantes desses grupos educacionais. / It is a study whose subject is the financing and expansion of the private/mercantile education sector in Brazil analysis, utilizing public fund’s resources in an environment of the financialization process of private higher education. The study had the main goal of analyzing the private higher education’s funding policy, through governmental incentive mechanisms for private entities, such as granting tax relinquish, in the scope of Prouni, and student’s loan agreements in order to identify the implications of government incentives in the expansion process and financialization of higher education, constituting educational's oligopoles. It is deemed that the research into the financing of private/mercantile sector, using public fund’s resources, demands an understanding about the whole social context, with its structural and economic conditioning fators, in other words, inserted in the capitalist way of production. Thus, analyzes the financing of the growth of higher private/mercantile education, considering its essence and specificities in the context of structural crisis of capital and financial capital globalization process, with analysis of the guidance of international organizations and probate the use of public funds through the educational regulation. The thesis that leads the research is that the policy of granting benefits to private entities of higher education with the use of public fund’s resources, as the mechanisms of tax breaks, through Prouni, and funding student (Fies), corresponds to a kind of link between the State and the financial capital in the scope of education sector, which aims to answer the interests of capital, contributing to the expansion of private institutions and promoting financial accumulation of domestic and international investors (shareholders) as a result of the higher education financialization process. Based on theoretical and methodological supports of the historical and dialectical materialism, was analyzed public financing in the expansion of private higher education in educational groups Estácio Participações S.A., GAEC Educação S.A. (Ânima) and Ser Educacional S.A., extracted from financial statements and financial data, provided by those groups, statements of tax expenditures of the Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil (SRFB) [Brazil’s Federal Revenue] and Fies management reports, with emphasis on the period 2007 to 2015.Data shows that the public fund’s resources intended to the private-mercantile sector contribute to increasing the gainfulness of educational groups, increasing students basis in campus undergraduate, with a reduction in the tax burden due to tax relinquish of Prouni and credit warranty from the federal government, in the student loan agreements.Analyzed data shows that the Fies has significant relevance to the net revenue of the groups surveyed, responding for around 40% of monthly payments for undergraduate courses.The Fies resources are also used to offset taxes payable by private institutions to the federal government, in particular the social security contributions. Moreover, with the Fies, there is the issue of government bonds in favor of private educational institutions that reinforce the financialization process of educational groups, with the offering of these securities and the repurchases made by the federal government. It was observed that the changes in Fies, promoted at the end of 2014, did not affect the amount of financial resources intended for Estácio, Ânima and Ser Educacional groups nor a reduction in the number of Fies contracts signed by students of these educational groups. / Il s’agit d’une étude qui avait pour objet l’analyse du financement et de l’expansion du secteur éducatif privé/marchand au Brésil, avec l’utilisation de ressources des fonds publics dans le cadre de la financiarisation de l’enseignement supérieur privé. L’étude avait comme objectif général se pencher sur la politique de financement général de l’éducation supérieure privée par des mécanismes gouvernementaux d’encouragement aux établissements privés, comme l'exonération fiscale, dans le cadre du Prouni, et les contrats de financement des étudiants, afin d’identifier les implications de ces mesures gouvernementaux dans le processus d’expansion et de la financiarisation de l’enseignement supérieur avec la formation d’oligopoles. Il est considéré que la recherche sur le financement du secteur privé/marchand, avec des fonds publics, présuppose la compréhension de la totalité sociale, avec ses contraintes structurelle et conjoncturelle, c'est-à-dire, insérée dans le mode de production capitaliste. Par conséquent, le financement de l’expansion de l’enseignement supérieur privé/marchand est analysé en considérant sa nature et spécificité dans le contexte de la crise structurelle du capital et du processus de la mondialisation du capital financier, avec l’analyse des orientations des organismes internationaux et de la légitimation d’utilisation du fond public à travers la régulation éducative. La thèse qui a guidé la recherche est que la politique d’allégement fiscaux aux entités privées d’enseignement supérieur, avec l’utilisation du fond public, comme c’est le cas des mécanismes d'exonération d'impôts au moyen du Prouni, et avec le financement des étudiants (Fies), correspond à une forme de lien entre l’État et le capital financier au sein de l’éducation qui a pour l’objectif tenir compte intérêts du capital en contribuant pour l’expansion d’instituitions privées et à l’accumulation financière d’investisseurs nationaux et internationaux (actionnaires-propriétaires) en raison du processus de la financiarisation de l’enseignement supérieur. En adoptant comme base les supports théoriques et méthodologiques du matérialisme historique-dialectique, on a analysé le financement public en jeu dans l'expansion de l’enseignement supérieur privé des institutions éducatives Estácio Participações S.A., GAEC Educação S.A. (Ânima) et Ser Educacional S.A., avec des données extraites des démonstratifs de la comptabilité et finacières fournis par ces groupes, déclarations de dérogations fiscales au service de recettes internes du Brésil et de la gestion de rapports de l’EPE, en mettant l’accent sur la période 2007-2015. Les données montrent que les ressources du fond public pour le secteur privé/marchand contribuent à la rentabilité de groupes éducatifs, enrichissant la base accrue des étudiants en premier cycle présentielle, avec réduction du fardeau fiscal en raison de dérogations fiscales du Prouni et de garantie de crédit par le gouvernement fédéral, dans les contrats de financement des étudiants. Les données analysées démontrent que le Fies présente une importance significative aux revenus nets parmi les grupes recherchés, avec environ 40 % des mensualités de cours univeritares. Les ressources du Fies sont également utilisées pour la compensation de l’impôt à payer par les institutions au gouvernement fédéral, en particulier, les cotisations de sécurité sociale. Par ailleurs, avec le Fies, il y a émission de titres de la dette publique en faveur des établissements d’enseignement privés qui renforcent le processus de la financiarisation des groupes éducatifs, avec l’offre de ces titres et avec les rachats effectués par le gouvernement fédéral. On a constaté que les changements du Fies, promus fin 2014, n’ont pas affecté le montant des ressources financières destinées aux grupes Estácio, Ânima et Ser Educacional, et il n’y a pas eu non plus la réduction de la quantité de contrats du Fies réalisés par de étudiants de ces groupes éducationnels.