This study seeks to show that a higher usage of debt instruments by consumers with limited available funds leads to the usage of savings tools to finance debt costs, which subsequently results in lower levels of savings. This was espoused by the literature on PFM and also proven by the test results from the research hypotheses that were computed by means of a logistic regression. The test results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between the usage of debt instruments and the usage of savings tools. An emphasis is placed on the importance of savings as an integral component of the PFM concept: it is namely seen to be indispensable to good financial planning to ensure current and future consumer financial security. Therefore, this study concludes by highlighting the importance of consumers’ financial- management skills in minimising debt costs to increase levels of savings by controlling higher consumption expenditure through debt. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business management)

The RMB exchange rate started to be a widely international issue discussed with Sino-U.S. relations of Economic since 2002.The main Objective of this study is finding the causes of undervaluing and pressures of facing. However, China¡¦s Financial Security is closely related to the process participating in the international system of finance, so this article is concentrated in the scope of correlate research of RMB exchange rate, and analyzed to find what pressures China facing and what policies China choosing. The causes which nominal exchange rate was biased against the real exchange rate are discriminated between labor factor and interest factor, with observing the change of balance of payment and foreign exchange reserves, so the foreign market unequilibrium can be explained further by analyzing the flow and capital. Finally, the strategic consider of U.S. is also the one of factors that influences RMB exchange rate despite of the economic risks in China. perspectives of international politics in Pressuring RMB exchange rate or opening markets are considered on the coordination of interest groups¡Bcongress and government of United States. The conclusion revealed the main reason that China is now facing major secure threats, there are looseness in capital controls, and rigidity in foreign exchange regimes. This threats result in failing to diversify its investment risk of foreign exchange and causing its monetary policy much pressure. The other hand, The purposes of putting pressure on RMB exchange rate by U.S. reflected that they not only transferred the responsibility of unemployment and deficit but also showed the need of domestic politics and the consideration of international politics, so the strength of pressure was not the same in the time series. Therefore, the study argues that the dispute of Sino-U.S. exchange rate was not only the outcome of interaction between two countries¡¦ trade but also this regime of China and purpose of U.S. should be discussed and observed continually.

Sweden is one of the more equal countries in the world where woman and men have the similar conditions to shape their lives. It is because opportunities for education and career have resulted in that woman can choose when they want to have children. We can also see a trend where childbearing has declined and woman´s life expectancy has increased. Research shows that education, financial security, work and partner are key factors that are important to have been achieved before women choose to have children. The purpose of this study is to contribute to a deeper understanding of women´s choices to delay childbirth. The data is collected through semi-structured interviews. The theoretical framework used in the study is based on Pierre Bourdieu´s capital forms and the concept of field. The various forms of capital is understood in the form of resources and the concept of field is explained as the labor market in the study. Three themes were identified which contributed to women´s delay of childbirth and they were: financial security, education and work besides relationships and social networks. The study shows that the accumulation of economic, cultural and social capital contributes to a protracted process that keeps women in the labor market which delays childbirth.

This study was designed to empirically test a conceptual model and measurement of financial well-being as a function of (a) personal characteristics; (b) objective attributes, quantitative indicators of the financial domain and financial management behaviors of respondents; (c) perceived attributes, subjectively assessed life conditions and perceptions of financial situation; and (d) evaluations of financial situation using various reference points as standards of comparison. Two sub-problems were investigated in the study: (a) Which group of attributes, personal characteristics, objective attributes, perceived attributes, or evaluated attributes, significantly explains variance in perceived financial well-being?; and (b) Which individual attributes significantly explain variance in perceived financial well-being? A mail survey was conducted from October of 1989 through January of 1990 with a randomly selected sample of Virginia citizens (N = 1,500). After an initial mailing and two follow-up mailings, 529 questionnaires were returned of the 1,450 that were received by respondents, providing a 36.5% total return rate (529/1,450). Twenty-three questionnaires were blank or unusable, yielding a useable return rate of 34.9% (506/1,450). Demographic characteristics of the sample were similar to those of the population of Virginia citizens. Financial well-being, as measured by an adaptation of Cantril's (1965) 11-point self-anchoring striving scale, was the dependent variable. All of the independent variables regressed on the dependent variable produced an R 2 of .71, which was statistically significant (p < .01). Removing each group of attributes individually from the regression equation resulted in a significant (p < .01) decrease in the resulting adjusted R2s as computed by F ratios. All attribute groups were determined to be essential to the measurement of financial wellbeing. Individual variables with a significant t ratio (p < .05) were the Perceived Attribute Index, Index of Well-Being, and full-time employment status. The results of the study supported the conceptual model. Results clearly verified the measurement of financial well-being as a function of personal characteristics, objective attributes, perceived attributes, and evaluated attributes. / Ph. D.

PhD (Financial Management) / Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics / See the attached abstract below

Выпускная квалификационная работа (магистерская диссертация) посвящена исследованию финансового механизма коррупционных правонарушений в сфере закупок. Предметом исследования выступают экономические отношения, возникающие в процессе совершения коррупционных правонарушений в данной сфере. Основной целью диссертации является разработка теоретических, организационных, правовых положений, составляющих основы финансового механизма коррупционных правонарушений в исследуемой сфере. В заключении обозначены основные направления развития противодействия коррупционным правонарушениям в сфере закупок. / Final qualifying work (master's thesis) is devoted to the study of the financial mechanism of corruption offenses in the field оf procurement. The subject of the study, are the economic relations arising in the process of committing corruption offenses in this area. The mаin purpose or the thesis is to develop theoretical, organizational, legal provisions that fоrm the basis of financial mechanism of corruption offenses in the study area. In conclusion, the main directions of development of combating corruption offenses in the field of procurement аге outlined.

Магистерская диссертация посвящена направлениям совершенствования государственного аудита в системе финансовой безопасности России на примере Счетной палаты. Выпускная квалификационная работа состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, списка использованных источников и приложений. В первой главе рассмотрены теоретические аспекты финансовой безопасности государства, выявлены актуальные угрозы. Во второй главе проведен анализ и дана оценка деятельности Счетной палаты за 2017 – 2019 годы. В третьей главе предложены пути повышения эффективности деятельности Счетной палаты. / The master's thesis is devoted to the areas of improvement of state audit in the financial security system of Russia on the example of the accounting chamber. The final qualifying work consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion, list of sources used, and appendices. In the first Chapter, the theoretical aspects of the state's financial security are considered, and current threats are identified. The second Chapter analyzes and evaluates the activities of the accounting chamber for 2017-2019. The third Chapter suggests ways to improve the efficiency of the accounting chamber.

Title Financial Security ANNOTATION The diploma work presented deals with financial security, i.e. with one of the methods of securing an obligation, as set out under the provision of Section 323a et seq. of Act No. 513/1991 Coll., The Commercial Code, as amended. In the work as a whole, I deal in detail, on the one hand, with description of the above- mentioned legal institution, financial security, in the form ascribed to it presently by the valid and effective legal regulations in the Czech Republic. Thus, I deal with the concept of financial security in our system of law, origin of the legal institution and its inclusion in the system of law of the Czech Republic, while defining the fundamental notions being necessary to study this part of the commercial law of the Czech Republic. Further, I address explanatory and interpretation problems of financial security, both in the light of the European Union's legal regulations, which are, if simplifying, a template for our legal regulations concerning financial security, and from the point of view of our reputable law specialists, who dealt with financial security in specialised publications, in particular in their commentaries on the Commercial Code, and in articles published in professional periodicals. Also I devote a significant part of this work to the...

This diploma thesis provides an overview of the aspects connected with financial assurance of liability for environmental damage. First parts of the work define the frame for this topic through its essentials terms and theoretical basis. Also there are introduced the main functions of economic instruments. Part 3 briefly focuses on the ways of codification of liability in the international public law. The main part of this work is dedicated to an adoption of the polluter pays principle to the European Union law and the Czech national law system. Thus parts 4 and 5 describe and evaluate efficiency of this liability system from the perspective of obligation to assure a financial security. Last part gives a list of possible instruments which may be used as a suitable financial security according to the statute n. 167/2008 Sb.

近年來，伴隨著俄羅斯經濟實力的提升，俄羅斯金融體系持續茁壯，並推動俄羅斯國內對金融安全需求的迅速增長。俄羅斯金融體系受政治影響極深，中央銀行缺乏獨立性。2007 年次貸風暴對俄羅斯經濟傷害甚鉅，2008年7雷曼兄弟宣布倒閉後，總計10個月內盧布貶值幅度高達52.5%，從MSCI股價指數波動率(equity VIX index)觀察美國、俄羅斯、日本及歐洲，顯示俄羅斯股市波動率最高，以2007 年的136.7 及2008 年的432.7 居冠。在金磚四國中，俄羅斯短期資金的流動性較高，股市波動率也較高。俄羅斯金融體系不良貸款比率高，易發生金融傳染危機，不良貸款比率高出其他國家4 到8 倍。 在金磚四國中，俄羅斯短期資金的流動性較高，股市波動率也較高。總體而言俄羅斯金融體系近年愈為穩健，俄羅斯的金融存款機構信任度在2008年~2010年有明顯提高趨勢，但存款機構內不良貸款比率仍偏高，同時俄羅斯金融體系易受國際金融傳染危機影響俄羅斯金融體系不良貸款比率高，易發生金融傳染危機，若能降低目前俄羅斯金融存款機構的壞帳比例及呆帳率，則俄羅斯的金融安全會更加穩固。 / In recent years, along with the upgrading of Russia's economic strength, Russia's financial system continued to thrive, the needs of financial security growth rapidly. Russia's financial system is deeply influenced by political power, and their central bank is lack of independence. Subprime crisis hurt the Russian economy hugely, in July 2008, after Lehman Brothers declared bankruptcy; ruble devalued 52.5% in 10 months. MSCI stock index volatility equity VIX index) for U.S., Russia, Japan and Europe, shows Russian stock market volatility rate was 432.7 and also the highest of all. In the BRIC, Russia presented higher short-term liquidity, and the stock market volatility. Overall, Russia's financial system is more robust and stable in recent years, from 2008 to 2010, the depository trust in Russian financial institutions increased significantly, while Russia's financial system is still vulnerable to the contagion of international financial crisis.