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In the field of organizational behavior, it has been a long-range debate whether personality attributes or situations impact individuals¡¦ behavior more significantly. Actually, person and work environment both can not be ignored, researcher have noticed the concept of person-environment (P-E) fit proved to influence various work outcomes significantly. Furthermore, there is an emerging issue about common method variance (CMV) in the field of fit researches. As a result, this research intends to develop four Q-sort profiles to apply Q-methodology for measuring P-O, P-J, P-S as well as P-G fit such that the bias of common method variance can be reduced. We proposed five research objectives in this research: (1) to develop four valid and manageable Q-sort profiles as indirect measures of P-O, P-J, P-G, and P-S fit; (2) to test the correlation between direct and indirect measures of P-E fit such that the criterion-related validity of the four Q-sort profiles can be verified; (3) to test the individual relationships between four main types of P-E fit and their outcome criteria so as to verify the criterion-related validity; (4) to understand the overall and relative impacts of four types of P-E fit on their outcomes; (5) to manifest the most desirable and undesirable organizational culture, job contents, supervisor leadership behaviors, and workgroup characteristics of employees in Taiwan. Thus, the four Q-sort profiles (i.e., condensed OCP, Job Characteristics Profile, Supervisor Leadership Profile, and Workgroup Characteristics Profile) have been developed, and validated by two categories of criteria (i.e. direct measures and work0related outcomes). Despite that the correlation between indirect and direct measures of P-E fit is not significant, indirect measure of P-O, P-J, P-G, and P-S fit are significantly correlated with at least three work-related outcomes. Next, we test our hypotheses with a regression analysis, and the result reveals that P-O and P-S fit have strong impacts on their work-related outcomes, but the impacts of P-J and P-G fit are not salient. Finally, we present the preferences of employees in Taiwan through their own rankings.

Att genom rekryteringsprocessen söka finna en matchning mellan individ och organisation på en bredare basis än endast yrkeskompetens blir allt vanligare. Sådan rekrytering har fokus på överensstämmande värderingar och normer mellan den arbetssökande och organisationen, som ny medarbetare ska denne passa in i organisationen och dess kultur. Byråkrati, i sin tur, är den moderna statens vanligaste organisationsform och bygger i grunden på expertis, kunskap och professionen. Om trenden går mot att rekrytera med fokus på organisationen, dess kultur och att människor ska passa in i den, vad kan det innebära? På vilket sätt påverkas professionen av detta? Denna studie undersöker hur organisationer med uttalad fokus på matchning mellan individ och organisationskultur resonerar kring sin rekrytering och den inbördes organisationskulturen. Studiens empiriska resultat utgörs av kvalitativa intervjuer med rekryteringsansvariga vid fem organisationer som sedan analyseras och diskuteras. Resultatet är att dessa organisationer anställer endast när de säkerställt en matchning mellan den nye medarbetaren och organisationen men att yrkeskunskaper samtidigt är av stor vikt. Dessa organisationer ställer sig bortom den typiska hierarkin och det verkar som att det inom somliga branscher och yrkesgrupper skett en brytning av vissa byråkratiska principer. Vi hävdar att en följd av detta kan innebära ett slags maktskifte mellan profession och organisatorisk ledning.

Syftet med undersökningen är att skapa en förståelse för hur rekryterare tänker kring förhållandet mellan att passa in en nyanställd i organisationen (P-O fit) jämfört med att passa in en nyanställd för arbetsuppgifterna (P-J fit). För att kunna besvara syftet genomfördes en kvalitativ studie där sex intervjuer gjordes med rekryterare på olika företag som sedan tolkades med hjälp av meningskoncentrering, meningskategorisering och meningstolkning. Resultatet visade att P-O fit hade en större inverkan än P-J fit på den slutgiltiga bedömningen i rekryteringsprocessen och främst när det gällde mindre kvalificerade tjänster. Vid mer kvalificerade tjänster hade båda begreppen en likvärdig inverkan på bedömningen men det var en process där båda passformerna jämfördes med varandra och det fanns vissa minimikrav på kunskaper en person skulle ha. Utöver kunskapskravet ansågs det viktigt att personen som söktes fungerade bra med organisationen och grupperna i organisationen. För att göra en bedömning på passformen mellan individ och organisation bedömdes de sökande utifrån företagets uttalade värderingar alternativt utifrån den organisationskultur som råder inom företaget om de inte några hade uttalade värderingar. Detta utmynnade sedan till en implicit bedömning angående hur individen skulle passa in i företaget och dess kultur. / The purpose of this study is to gain insight about recruiters perceptions of the relationship between compatibility of individual and the organization (P-O fit) compared to the compatibility of individual and job assignments (P-J fit). To answer the purpose six interviews were conducted including recruiters from different companies. These interviews were later summarized using methods that shorten the answers, categorized by interesting themes and finally presented in a way that connects them with the literature. The results of the study show that P-O fit had a greater impact on the final decision of the recruitment process than P-J fit when it comes to employments with low qualifications. When the employments qualifications are higher both concepts were equally important but they were assessed together on the basis of minimum requirements for the work tasks versus how good fit would be between the individual and the groups in the organization and the organization itself. To determine the fit between the individual and the organization the applicants were assessed based on the organizational core values or if no core values were present the organizational culture. This leads to an implicit evaluation of how the individual would fit into the organization and its culture.

With the increasingly fierce industry competition and customers demanding higher quality products or service at the same time, top-notch companies and academic communities have continuously evolved many tools, methods, standards for seeking the improvements in the operational performances to bridge gaps in customers¡¦ expectations. Among these practices, Six Sigma has been recognized as a systematic and structured methodology that attempts to improve process capabilities through its focus on customers¡¦ needs. It has been described as an approach for organizational changes, which incorporates elements with quality management and business process re-engineering. However, adopting Six Sigma into effect is a costly investment, assessments of implementation performance shall be prudently made. This study is based on the perspectives of institutional theory, implementation climate, innovation-values fit, and innovation-abilities fit with some modified measures from the viewpoints of large manufacturing companies. 323 samples were taken by stratified random sampling. The major findings are (1) Normative pressure might influence the employees¡¦ intentions of innovation implementation, but not enough to cause real actions. (2) The influence of an organization¡¦s climate upon the innovation implementation is not evident. (3) Innovation -value fit has directly influenced upon the innovation implementation and can directly enhance the performance improvements. (4) The influence of Employees¡¦ current abilities upon innovation implementation is evident.

Despite the recent recession, organizations continue to search for the "right" employees. Such circumstances highlight the importance of further understanding how individuals make employment decisions and assess fit. By surveying 140 applicants who had recently finished the interview process at a large Midwestern hospital, the current study assessed the multidimensionality and predictive power of person-environment fit (person-vocation fit, person-job fit, person-person fit, and person-organization fit). Results suggested that person-environment fit is multi-faceted; fit dimensions simultaneously work together during the pre-hire phase. Specifically, person-person fit, person-organization fit, and person-vocation fit were significant predictors of organizational attraction. Person-person fit and person-job fit significantly predicted intentions to accept an employment offer. In addition, organizational attraction was identified as a partial mediator between overall person-environment fit and job offer acceptance intentions. Such findings contribute to the organization fit literature and provide practitioners with key insights on how applicants assess fit during the pre-employment stage.

No description available.

No description available.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att belysa chefens roll i förhållande till personalomsättning inom en säljande organisation, utifrån dimensioner av person-environment fit och role stress.   Metod: Utifrån studiens syfte har en kvalitativ metod använts. Data har samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Materialet har analyserats och redovisats med hjälp av well-grounded theory.   Resultat & slutsats: Denna studie visar på chefers förståelse för vikten av att personer de anställer ska passa in i yrket och organisationen. De rekryterar främst efter personlighet och möjlighet att passa in i gruppen. Chefernas synsätt skiljer sig gällande överbelastning och stress. Det är svårt med gränsdragningen mellan privatliv och yrkesroll.   Förslag till fortsatt forskning: En intressant utgångspunkt för framtida forskning kan vara att jämföra om chefers uppfattning av de dimensioner vi undersökt överensstämmer med hur de anställda upplever dem.   Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien belyser dimensioner som påvisats ha samband med personalomsättning. Vi bidrar med chefens roll utifrån dessa, till skillnad från tidigare forskning som utgått från anställdas perspektiv.   Nyckelord: Personalomsättning, person-job fit, person-organization fit, role overload. / Aim: The aim of this study is to highlight the manager’s role related to turnover within a selling organization, by dimensions of person-environment fit and role stress.   Method: A qualitative method has been used, based on the aim of this study. Data has been collected through semi structured interviews. The empirical data has been analyzed and presented using the well-grounded theory.   Result & Conclusions: This study shows the managers understanding of the importance to hire people which fit both the job and the organization. They mainly hire people based on their personality and how they fit within the group. However, their vision is different regarding the role overload and stress. Managers have a hard time to draw a line between the private life and work.   Suggestions for future research: An interesting starting-point for future research could be to compare if the managers perception of our dimensions is consistent with the perceptions of the employees.   Contribution of the thesis: This study highlights dimensions, which have a significant relation to employee turnover. Our contribution is the manager’s perspective of these dimensions, compared to prior research, which has the employee’s perspective.   Key words: Employee turnover, person-job fit, person-organization fit, role overload.