[Formulae and special characters can only be approximated here. Please see the pdf version of the Abstract for an accurate reproduction.] Since the damping functions employed by most of the low-Reynolds-number models are related to the non-dimensional distance y+[ special character ??? near-wall non-dimensional distance in y direction], which is based on local wall shear stress, these models become invalid for separated flows, because the wall shear stress is zero at the reattachment point. In addition, the pressure-velocity correlation term is neglected in most of these models, although this term is shown in this thesis to be important in the near-wall region for simple flows and large pressure gradient flows. In this thesis, two main efforts are made to improve the k ??? [special character - dissipation rate] model. First, based on Myong and Kasagi???s (1990) low-Reynolds-number model (hereafter referred to as MK model), a more general damping function [special character - turbulent viscosity damping function in LRN turbulent model] is postulated which only depends on the Reynolds numbers [formula ??? near-wall turbulence Reynolds number]. Second, a form for the pressure-velocity correlation term is postulated based on the Poisson equation for pressure fluctuations. This modified model predicts the turbulent flow over a flat plate very well. It is found that the inclusion of the pressure-velocity correlation term leads to significant improvement of the prediction of near-wall turbulence kinetic energy. When the model is applied to turbulent flow over a backward-facing step, it produces better predictions than the traditional k ??? [special character - dissipation rate] model, FLUENT???s two-layer model and the MK model. Again, the pressure-velocity correlation term improves the turbulence kinetic energy prediction in the separated region over that of other models investigated here. The studies of numerical methods concerning computational domain size and grid spacing reveal that a very large domain size is required for accurate flat plate flow computation. They also show that a fine grid distribution in the near-wall region upstream of the step is necessary for acceptable flow prediction accuracy in the downstream separated region.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). "September 2007." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-89). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 133-138). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (Ph. D.)-- State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Geological Sciences and Environmental Studies, 2009.

No description available.

A prática da inovação contribui para o desenvolvimento econômico por oportunizar a criação de novos mercados e o aperfeiçoamento de mercados existentes, gerando benefícios para produtores e consumidores de produtos e serviços novos ou melhorados pela inovação. O setor têxtil engloba um conjunto de atividades que proporcionam o surgimento de indústrias dos diversos segmentos têxteis, desde a origem da matéria-prima, natural ou artificial, até o acabamento do produto final. Esta dissertação de mestrado objetivou identificar as inovações do setor de malharia retilínea ocorridas no período de 2008 a 2011 e, a partir da análise da literatura, identificar as mudanças no setor, desde a década de 80, no Brasil, até as inovações do setor industrial de malharia retilínea do município de Caxias do Sul, por meio das quatro dimensões da inovação, segundo o Manual de Oslo (2005): a inovação de produto, de processo, de marketing e organizacional. O método de pesquisa utilizada possui abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa, de natureza aplicada, com objetivos exploratório e descritivo. O procedimento técnico utilizado foi o estudo de caso múltiplo, sendo a fase qualitativa, de cunho exploratório e descritivo. Na fase quantitativa, foi utilizada uma survey, com um questionário estruturado como instrumento de coleta de dados, que foi aplicado aos gestores e/ou proprietários das indústrias de malhas retilíneas de Caxias do Sul, associadas no FITEMASUL de Caxias do Sul, totalizando uma população de 23 empresas. A análise dos dados aconteceu em duas etapas, na etapa qualitativa, foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo da entrevista e na etapa quantitativa, foi utilizada a análise quantitativa descritiva, através da correlação dos dados obtidos, para a identificação do nível de relação entre as variáveis do construto teórico. Os resultados da fase qualitativa identificaram que o setor de malharia retilínea de Caxias do Sul, investe em inovação, de acordo com as exigências do mercado e as tendências de moda. Os resultados quantitativos, cujo objetivo foi verificar relações entre variáveis da inovação e da indústria, identificaram correlações entre as variáveis. Nas correlações moderadas positivas (0,5 ≤ p < 0,8) houve correlação entre a variável: faturamento anual, com as variáveis: número de colaboradores e valor investido em inovação de marketing; a variável: número de colaboradores com a variável: valor investido em inovação de marketing; a variável: mão de obra qualificada com as variáveis: valor investido em inovação de produto e valor investido em inovação organizacional; a variável: valor investido em inovação de produto com a variável: valor investido em inovação de marketing; a variável: valor investido em inovação de produto com a variável: valor investido em inovação organizacional. Nas correlações fracas positivas (0,1 ≤ p < 0,5) houve correlação entre a variável: número de colaboradores com as variáveis: valor investido em inovação de produto, valor investido em inovação organizacional e a variável: mão de obra qualificada. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-04-29T12:43:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Paula P. Ganzer.pdf: 6242690 bytes, checksum: c33e67f12812ee75b1c68ada52172f8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-29T12:43:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Paula P. Ganzer.pdf: 6242690 bytes, checksum: c33e67f12812ee75b1c68ada52172f8e (MD5) / The practice of innovation contributes to economic development by creating the opportunity to develop new markets and improve the existing markets, generating benefits for producers and consumers of products and services news or improved by innovation. The textile sector encompasses a set of activities that provide the appearance of various segments of textile industries, since the origin of raw material, natural or artificial, to the finish of the final product. This dissertation aimed to investigate the innovations of the flat knitting sector occurred on the period 2008 to 2011, and through the literature review identify the changes in the industry since the 80’s, in Brazil, to the innovations of the industrial flat knitting of Caxias do Sul, by the four dimensions of innovation, according to the Oslo Manual (2005): product innovation, process innovation, marketing innovation and organizational innovation. The research method used has qualitative and quantitative approach, using the applied nature, exploratory and descriptive purposes. The technique proceeding used was the multiple case study, and the qualitative phase used exploratory and descriptive methods. In the quantitative phase, it was used a survey with a structured questionnaire as an instrument for data collection, which was applied to managers and/or owners of industries of rectilinear mesh of Caxias do Sul, associated to FITEMASUL of Caxias do Sul, with a total population of 23 companies. The data analysis took place in two stages, in the qualitative phase, we used the content analysis of the interview and the quantitative stage, it was used descriptive quantitative analysis, through the correlation of the data, in order to identify the level of relationship between variables of the theoretical construct. The results of the qualitative phase identified that the flat knitting sector of Caxias do Sul invests in innovation, according to the market demands and fashion trends. The quantitative results, aimed to verify relationships between variables of innovation and industry identified correlations between the variables of innovation. In moderate positive correlations (0,5 ≤ p < 0,8) it was identified a correlation between the variable: annual revenues, with the variables: number of employees and amount invested in marketing innovation, the variable: number of employees with variable: amount invested in marketing innovation, the variable: skilled labor with the variables: amount invested in product innovation and value invested in organizational innovation, the variable: amount invested in product innovation with the variable: value invested in marketing innovation, the variable: amount invested in product innovation with the variable: amount invested in organizational innovation. In the weak positive correlations (0,1 ≤ p < 0,5) it was identified correlation between the variable: number of employees with variables: amount invested in product innovation, value invested in organizational innovation and the variable: skilled labor.

The Large Eddy Simulation approach is employed to predict the flow physics and heat transfer characteristics of a film-cooling problem that is formed from the interaction of a coolant jet with a hot mainstream flow. The film-cooling technique is used to protect turbine blades from thermal failure, allowing the gas inlet temperature to be increased beyond the failure temperature of the turbine blade material in order to enhance the efficiency of gas turbine engines. A coolant fluid is injected into the hot mainstream through several rows of injection holes placed on the surface of a gas turbine blade in order to form a protective coolant film layer on the blade surface. However, due to the complex, unsteady and three-dimensional interactions between the coolant and the hot gases, it is difficult to achieve the desired cooling performance. Understanding of this complex flow and heat transfer process will be helpful in designing more efficiently cooled rotor blades. A comprehensive numerical investigation of a rotating film-cooling performance under different conditions is conducted in this thesis, including film-cooling on a flat surface and film-cooling on a rotating gas turbine blade. The flow-governing equations are discretised based on the finite-volumes method and then solved iteratively using the well-known SIMPLE and PISO algorithms. An in-house FORTRAN code has been developed to investigate the flat plate film-cooling configuration, while the gas turbine blade geometry has been simulated using the STAR-CCM+ CFD commercial code. The first goal of the present thesis is to investigate the physics of the flow and heat transfer, which occurs during film-cooling from a standard film hole configuration. Film-cooling performance is analysed by looking at the distribution of flow and thermal fields downstream of the film holes. The predicted mean velocity profiles and spanwise-averaged film-cooling effectiveness are compared with experimental data in order to validate the reliability of the LES technique. Comparison of adiabatic film-cooling effectiveness with experiments shows excellent agreement for the local and spanwise-averaged film-cooling effectiveness, confirming the correct prediction of the film-cooling behaviour. The film coverage and film-cooling effectiveness distributions are presented along with discussions of the influence of blowing ratio and rotation number. Overall, it was found that both rotation number and blowing ratio play significant roles in determining the film-cooling effectiveness distributions. The second goal is to investigate the impact of innovative anti-vortex holes on the film-cooling performance. The anti-vortex hole design counteracts the detrimental kidney vorticity associated with the main hole, allowing coolant to remain attached to the blade surface. Thus, the new design significantly improves the film-cooling performance compared to the standard hole arrangement, particularly at high blowing ratios. The anti-vortex hole technique is unique in that it requires only readily machinable round holes, unlike shaped film-cooling holes and other advanced concepts. The effects of blowing ratio and the positions of the anti-vortex side holes on the physics of the hot mainstream-coolant interaction in a film-cooled turbine blade are also investigated. The results also indicate that the side holes of the anti-vortex design promote the interaction between the vortical structures; therefore, the film coverage contours reveal an improvement in the lateral spreading of the coolant jet.

abstract: A new arrangement of the Concerto for Two Horns in E-flat Major, Hob. VIId/6, attributed by some to Franz Joseph Haydn, is presented here. The arrangement reduces the orchestral portion to ten wind instruments, specifically a double wind quintet, to facilitate performance of the work. A full score and a complete set of parts are included. In support of this new arrangement, a discussion of the early treatment of horns in pairs and the subsequent development of the double horn concerto in the eighteenth century provides historical context for the Concerto for Two Horns in E-flat major. A summary of the controversy concerning the identity of the composer of this concerto is followed by a description of the content and structure of each of its three movements. Some comments on the procedures of the arrangement complete the background information. / Dissertation/Thesis / D.M.A. Music 2011

O presente trabalho trata de uma modelagem eletromagneticamente acoplada e fracamente acoplada ao problema mecânico do processo de conformação eletromagnética (EMF). Este usa bobina espiral plana, aplicada na deformação de chapas finas e planas para obter geometrias finais rasas. Um método de solução numérica é usado para o problema eletromagnético, o qual foi desenvolvido no software Matlab e utiliza o software Abaqus/Explicit para verificação da geometria deformada após a aplicação da força transiente de origem eletromagnética. O método foca especificamente no cálculo da densidade de fluxo magnético em pontos específicos usando a lei de Biot-Savart e análise do circuito que modela o processo de conformação eletromagnética, sendo que as indutâncias deste circuito são calculadas e fazem o acoplamento entre os fenômenos elétricos e magnéticos. Os cálculos das correntes de descarga e induzidas e perfil da força de origem eletromagnética são realizados para o instante inicial, sem considerar o movimento da chapa. O perfil da força de origem eletromagnética ao longo da chapa é calculado para diversos instantes, sendo este um dos dados de entrada no software Abaqus/Explicit através de uma sub-rotina acessível ao usuário (VDLOAD) obtendo-se a geometria da chapa deformada. A rotina de cálculo discretiza o problema eletromagnético como um sistema de equações diferenciais ordinárias (ODE) para calcular a corrente de descarga da bobina atuadora e as induzidas na chapa metálica. Experimentos, sem chapa acoplada, e com chapa fixa ou deformando foram realizados com a aquisição da corrente de descarga, medição da densidade de fluxo magnético, velocidade de deformação e geometria da chapa deformada, demonstrando uma boa correlação com o método de cálculo proposto. O presente trabalho fornece importantes informações para o projeto de sistemas de conformação eletromagnética sem a necessidade de uma função da corrente de descarga como dado de entrada para solução do problema eletromagnético. / This thesis deals with modeling and numerical simulation electromagnetically coupled and loosely-coupled to the mechanical problem for process of the electromagnetic forming. This uses flat spiral coil, applied to the deformation of thin and flat sheet metal to obtain shallow end geometries. This method uses a numerical solution to the electromagnetic problem, which was developed in the software Matlab and uses the software Abaqus/Explicit for verification of the deformed geometry after applying of the transient force of origin electromagnetic. The method focuses specifically on the calculation of the magnetic flux density at specific points using the Biot-Savart law and circuit analysis that modeling of electromagnetic forming process and the inductances of this circuit are calculated and couple the electric and magnetic phenomena. Calculations of discharge and induced currents, profile force of origin electromagnetic are performed for the initial time, without considering the motion of the sheet metal. The profiles force of origin electromagnetic along the sheet metal is calculated for several instants, which are input data in software Abaqus/Explicit using a user-routine (VDLOAD) obtaining the deformed geometry of the sheet metal. The calculation routine discretizes the electromagnetic problem as a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) to calculate the discharge current of the actuator coil and induced currents in the metal sheet. Experiments without coupled sheet metal, and fixed or deforming sheet metal were performed with the acquisition of the discharge current, measurement of magnetic flux density, velocity of movement and deformation geometry of the sheet metal, demonstrating a good correlation with the proposed method of calculation. This study provides important information for the design of the electromagnetic forming systems without the need for a function of discharge current as input for solution of the electromagnetic problem.

Este trabalho apresenta a otimização de sistemas de acumulação sensível de energia térmica, submetidos a fontes de energia intermitentes (solar). Este tipo de sistema de acumulação é definido pelo seu material de acumulação e pelo fluido de trabalho, que realiza o transporte da energia. A metodologia empregada consiste em aplicar o modelo da capacitância global para descrever o comportamento dinâmico do material de acumulação, disposto na forma de placas planas paralelas, enquanto que o fluido de trabalho foi modelado via balanço de energia. O material de acumulação foi dividido em diversas seções menores, de modo a satisfazer a condição de validade do modelo da capacitância global, resultando em números de Biot menores ou iguais a 0,1, para cada seção. Os parâmetros identificados para a otimização foram a geometria do material de acumulação (número de placas e volume), propriedades do material de acumulação (massa específica e calor específico) e vazão do fluido de trabalho. Definiu-se a função a ser minimizada como o módulo da diferença entre a taxa de energia de saída do sistema de acumulação e a taxa de energia de saída alvo. Os resultados para duas geometrias e materiais distintos (aço AISI304 e granito), foram comparados com simulações efetuadas com o software comercial COMSOL, e os desvios encontrados ficaram na faixa de 10,16% a 8,88% para o aço e de 1,45% a 0,25% para o granito. A formulação proposta neste trabalho foi implementada no programa Engineering Equation Solver (EES), e otimizada com algoritmos genéticos. Observou-se que a massa específica e o calor específico são parâmetros que podem ser avaliados pelo seu produto (capacidade térmica volumétrica), quando a massa do material de acumulação não foi fixada. Para os casos nos quais a massa foi definida, o calor específico e a massa específica devem ser considerados parâmetros independentes, pois cada um atuou de forma diferente sobre o sistema. Observou-se que aumentando a quantidade de parâmetros de otimização, a diferença entre a taxa de energia na saída e a mesma taxa alvo diminuiu. Na simulação com dois parâmetros de otimização, a diferença relativa máxima entre estas taxas foi de 50%, enquanto que para quatro parâmetros de otimização, este valor caiu para 24%. / This work presents the optimization of sensible heat storage system, subjected to intermittent energy sources (solar). This type of storage system is defined by its storage material and the working fluid, which transports the energy. The methodology consists of using the global capacitance method to describe the dynamic behavior of the storage material, disposed in the form of parallel flat plates, while the working fluid was modeled via an energy balance. The storage material was divided into several smaller sections in order to satisfy the validity condition of the global capacitance model, resulting in Biot numbers smaller or equal than 0.1 for each section. The optimized parameters were the geometry of the storage material (number of plates and volume), the storage material properties (mass and specific heat) and flow rate of the working fluid. The minimized objective function is the difference between the output energy rate of the storage system and the target output energy rate. The results for two different geometries and materials (steel AISI304 and granite), were compared to simulations performed with the commercial software COMSOL, and the deviations were found in the range of 10.16% to 8.88% for steel and 1,45% to 0.25% for granite. The formulation proposed in this paper is implemented in the Engineering Equation Solver (EES), and optimized with genetic algorithm. It was observed that the density and specific heat are parameters that can be evaluated for its product (volumetric heat capacity) when the mass of the storage material was not defined. For the cases where the mass was defined, the specific heat and the density should be considered independent parameters, as each one act differently in the system. It was observed that increasing the number of optimized parameters, the difference between the output energy rate and the same target rate decreased. In the simulation with two optimized parameters, the maximum relative difference between these rates was 50%, while for four optimized parameters, this value dropped to 24%.