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Understanding the Mechanism of Aberrant FLVCR1 Splicing and Disrupted erythropoiesis in Diamond-Blackfan AnemiaAidoo, Francisca Ama 24 July 2012 (has links)
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital disorder characterized by a specific reduction in erythroid progenitor cells. Approximately 55% of patients have heterozygous mutations in ribosomal protein with 25% of these mutations in RPS19. However, it is unclear how a defect in ribosomal proteins specifically disrupts erythroid development. FLVCR1, a heme exporter, has been implicated as a potential DBA factor. FLVCR1 is essential for erythropoiesis as its disruption leads to apoptosis and disrupted erythroid differentiation. Though no FLVCR1 mutations have been found in DBA patients, our lab has shown that it is aberrantly spliced in DBA erythroid cells. Using RPS19 reduced K562 erythroid cells, I found that disruption of RPS19 leads to aberrant FLVCR1 splicing, disrupted erythropoiesis and reduced Tra2-β, ASF2 and SRp30c protein expression. This was specific to DBA as I did not find these features in a cell culture model of Shwachmann Diamond Syndrome, another ribosomal disorder.
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Understanding the Mechanism of Aberrant FLVCR1 Splicing and Disrupted erythropoiesis in Diamond-Blackfan AnemiaAidoo, Francisca Ama 24 July 2012 (has links)
Diamond Blackfan Anemia (DBA) is a congenital disorder characterized by a specific reduction in erythroid progenitor cells. Approximately 55% of patients have heterozygous mutations in ribosomal protein with 25% of these mutations in RPS19. However, it is unclear how a defect in ribosomal proteins specifically disrupts erythroid development. FLVCR1, a heme exporter, has been implicated as a potential DBA factor. FLVCR1 is essential for erythropoiesis as its disruption leads to apoptosis and disrupted erythroid differentiation. Though no FLVCR1 mutations have been found in DBA patients, our lab has shown that it is aberrantly spliced in DBA erythroid cells. Using RPS19 reduced K562 erythroid cells, I found that disruption of RPS19 leads to aberrant FLVCR1 splicing, disrupted erythropoiesis and reduced Tra2-β, ASF2 and SRp30c protein expression. This was specific to DBA as I did not find these features in a cell culture model of Shwachmann Diamond Syndrome, another ribosomal disorder.
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Etude des métabolismes du fer et de l’hème au cours de l’érythropoïèse normale et pathologique (anémie de Blackfan-Diamond) / Study of iron and haem metabolisms during normal and pathological erythropoiesis (Blackfan-Diamond anemia)Rio, Sarah 11 October 2016 (has links)
L’anémie de Blackfan-Diamond (ABD) est une maladie hématologique rare qui touche 4 à 7 individus/ million de naissances. Cette maladie se manifeste par une érythroblastopénie congénitale sévère (≤ 5% de précurseurs érythroïdes dans la moelle osseuse). L’anémie est arégénérative et souvent macrocytaire et associée à des malformations osseuses dans 40% des cas. 70% des patients sont porteurs d’une mutation hétérozygote pour un gène de protéine ribosomique impliquée dans la traduction cellulaire. Les gènes les plus fréquemment mutés sont les gènes RPS19 (25%), RPL11 (5%) et RPL5 (7%). La maladie est hétérogène et évolutive. Les liens entre la traduction cellulaire et l’érythropoïèse ne sont pas bien élucidés. Les objectifs de cette thèse ont été d’étudier les métabolismes de l’hème et du fer ainsi que l’expression des globines dans des cellules de patients atteints d'ABD et dans un modèle shARN ciblant l'expression de ces trois gènes afin de comprendre les causes du tropisme érythroïde de la maladie. Ce travail de recherche a permis de mettre en évidence un défaut majeur de synthèse des globines ayant pour conséquence une augmentation de la quantité d’hème libre et une production de formes réactives de l'oxygène toxiques dans les cellules des patients qui pourraient expliquer en partie l’apoptose cellulaire et le déficit de globules rouges. Alors que le métabolisme du fer ne semblait pas altéré dans l'ABD, l’étude de l’expression de différentes protéines importantes pour l’érythropoïèse au cours de la différenciation érythroïde in vitro dans des conditions contrôles et chez des patients a permis de confirmer et de caractériser le retard de différenciation cellulaire en cas de mutation des gènes RPL5 et RPL11. Ce travail montre que le retard de différenciation et le défaut d'hémoglobinisation mis en évidence s'expliquent par un déficit du facteur de transcription GATA-1 qui est primordial au cours de l'érythropoïèse. Ce déficit de GATA-1 dans des cellules déficitaires en RPL11 est dû à une dégradation de sa protéine chaperonne HSP70. La restauration de HSP70, permet d'augmenter l'expression de GATA-1 et d'améliorer la différenciation érythroïde et l'hémoglobinisation cellulaire pour le gène RPL11. Ces résultats permettent de mieux comprendre le tropisme érythroïde de l'ABD et de proposer HSP70 comme une cible thérapeutique prometteuse dans son traitement. / Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare hematologic disease that affects 4 to 7 individuals / million births. This disease is characterized by a severe congenital erythroblastopenia (less than 5% erythroid precursors in the bone marrow). Anemia is agerenative, often macrocytic and associated with bone malformations in 40% of cases. 70% of patients carry a heterozygous mutation for a ribosomal protein gene involved in cell translation. The most frequently mutated genes are RPS19 (25%), RPL11 (5%) and RPL5 (7%) genes. The disease is heterogeneous and can evolve. The link between cell translation and erythropoiesis is not well understood. The objectives of this thesis were to study haem and iron metabolisms as well as the expression of globins in DBA patients cells and CD34+ cells transduced with shRNA targeting the expression of these three genes in order to understand the causes of the erythroid tropism of the disease. This research has highlighted a major defect of globin synthesis resulting in an increase in the amount of free heme and a production of toxic ROS in patients' cells that could explain in part cell apoptosis and red blood cell deficiency. While iron metabolism did not appear to be altered in DBA, the study of the expression of various important proteins for erythropoiesis in normal CD34+ or DBA cells during erythroid differentiation in vitro confirmed a strong cell differentiation delay for RPL5 and RPL11 mutations. This work shows that the delay of differentiation and the lack of hemoglobinization can be explained by a deficiency of the transcription factor GATA-1, which is essential during erythropoiesis. This deficiency of GATA-1 in shRPL11 cells is due to a degradation of its chaperone protein HSP70. The restoration of HSP70 increases the expression of GATA-1 and improves erythroid differentiation and cellular hemoglobinization for the shRPL11 condition. These results provide a better understanding of the erythroid tropism of ABD and suggest a role for HSP70 as a promising therapeutic target in its treatment.
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