Thesis (D. Tech. (Food Service Management, Dept. of Hospitality and Tourism)--Vaal University of Technology / The main objective of this study was to determine the level of malnutrition in a primary school(children aged six to 13 years old) in an informal settlement and to plan and implement a school-feeding intervention programme. Before and after the intervention blood was drawn from 160 children. Quantitave Food Frequency Questionnaires and 24-hour recall questionnaires were completed in interviews with the parents. Anthropometric measurements included weight-for-age, BMI-for-age and height-for age. The baseline results (QFFQ and 24-hour recall) indicated that zinc (64%), iron (83%) and energy intake levels (59%) were lower than the recommended range for children in this age group when compared to the DRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes). Food most commonly purchased and consumed were maize meal, tea, sugar and oil as indicated by the top 20 foods purchased list With regard to anthropometric indices, 10% were severely underweight (weight-for-age below ≤5th percentile from the reference NCHS median), 15% were severely wasted (BMI-for-age ≤5th percentile) and 15.3% severely stunted (height-for-age ≤5th percentile). A maize meal wholewheat vetkoek was developed that provided 25% of the daily needs of the children for zinc and iron, making use of ingredients from the top 20 list The vetkoek was biochemically tested and optimised to ensure optimal nutritional content The vetkoek was also sensory analysed by a sample of school children (n=30) for acceptability. The vetkoek was administered for seven months, daily except for school holidays and weekends, to 60 randomly selected children forming the experimental group, with 60 other children receiving a fruit as the control group and 40 children receiving the Primary School Nutrition Programme. The post-intervention results indicated that the children in all three groups ignificantly improved in weight and height and their zinc and iron intake also increased significantly. The post-intervention dietary intake results showed that the product contributed significantly to the quality of the diet. The vetkoek group consumed 358% of iron and 176% of zinc when compared to the DRis, with the PSNP group consuming 167% of iron and 99% zinc and the fruit group 200% of iron and 120% of zinc. Although few statistically significant changes occurred biochemically, clinical changes occurred in all three groups. This study proved that any food provision can have a beneficial impact on the growth of a malnourished child. / Vaal University of Technology and National Research Foundation

by Chan Kui-kwong, Kenneth, Fung, Kwok-Yue, Dora. / Includes questionnaire in Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-78). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF EXHIBITS --- p.vi / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vii / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- BACKGROUND AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM --- p.1 / Introduction --- p.1 / What are Instant Noodles? --- p.5 / Background --- p.8 / Hong Kong --- p.8 / London --- p.9 / Vancouver --- p.10 / Statement of Objectives --- p.11 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.12 / Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.19 / Chapter IV. --- FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS --- p.21 / The Respondents --- p.21 / Dining Habits --- p.21 / Instant Noodles --- p.22 / Consumer Behaviour --- p.28 / Psychographics --- p.33 / Conclusion --- p.39 / Chapter V. --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.41 / To Lead in Hong Kong --- p.46 / To Break Through in London --- p.48 / To Grow in Vancouver --- p.51 / Chapter VI. --- LIMITATIONS --- p.55 / APPENDIX --- p.56 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.77

by Lee Cheung-lun, Catus, So Wai-piu, Raymond. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- BACKGROUND AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM --- p.1 / Motivation For This Study --- p.1 / Study Objectives --- p.2 / What Is Chinese Soup? --- p.3 / What Kind Of Chinese Soup To Prepare --- p.5 / Research Output --- p.7 / Hong Kong Canned Soup Market --- p.8 / Vancouver --- p.11 / Canada: An Introduction --- p.11 / British Columbia --- p.12 / Demographics Of Chinese In Vancouver --- p.13 / Lifestyles Of Chinese In Vancouver --- p.16 / The Chinese Diet --- p.18 / Food Availability In Vancouver --- p.18 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.22 / The Role Of Soup In The Chinese Family Meal --- p.22 / Traditional Chinese Food Concepts --- p.23 / Cold-Hot Classification --- p.24 / All Foods Are Medicinal --- p.24 / Body Base --- p.25 / The Principles Of Soup Preparation And The Importance of Soup To Hong Kong People --- p.26 / Acceptance Of Traditional Food Concepts In Overseas Chinese Communities --- p.27 / Bibliography --- p.30 / Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.31 / Chapter IV. --- SURVEY FINDINGS --- p.34 / Demographics --- p.34 / Survey Findings : Hong Kong --- p.37 / Summary Of Findings : Hong Kong --- p.64 / Survey Findings : Vancouver --- p.66 / Summary Of Findings : Vancouver --- p.92 / Comparison Of Findings In Hong Kong And Vancouver --- p.94 / Chapter V. --- RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.96 / Hong Kong And Vancouver --- p.96 / Product --- p.98 / Price --- p.99 / Place --- p.100 / Packaging --- p.101 / Promotion --- p.101 / Advertising --- p.103 / APPENDIX --- p.105

Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis (B.A.) Summa Cum Laude --Butler University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 44-47).

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Mar. 15, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisors: Dr. Ingolf U. Grün, Dr. Mengshi Lin. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-167).

Using tricaprylin (TC) and trilinolenin (TLN) as substrates, biosynthesis of medium-long-medium (MLM) type structured lipids (SLs), by Lipozyme IM from Rhizomucor meihei and Novozym 435 from Candida antarctica , was investigated to determine their capacity as biocatalysts for the biosynthesis of SLs. At 30°C, Lipozyme IM showed higher bioconversion yield (24.7%) and initial enzyme activity (6.3 mumol CLnC/g enzyme/min) as compared to that of 24.0% and 1.6 mumol CLnC/g enzyme/min, respectively, for the Novozym 435 at 50°C. As a result, Lipozyme IM was subsequently used for further investigations. The SLs were recovered and characterized by silver-ion exchange high-performance liquid chromatography and gas-liquid chromatography. The structural analyses indicated that the major products of the enzymatic reaction were 1,3-dicapryl-2-linolenyl glycerol (CLnC) and 1(3)-capryl-2,3(1)-dilinolenyl glycerol (CLnLn). In order to optimize the bioconversion yield of CLnC, selected parameters, including initial water activity and solvent type, lipase concentration (5 to 20 mg solid enzyme), substrate molar ratios (TC:TLN of 1:4 to 8:1) and molecular sieve (5 to 20 mg/mL, Type 3A), were investigated. The experimental results showed that using hexane at initial aw 0.06, 10 mg solid enzyme/mL and substrate molar ratio of TC to TLN of 6:1 resulted in the highest bioconversion yield of 73.2% of CLnC. However, the addition of molecular sieve to the reaction medium resulted in a 14.0% decrease in the bioconversion yield of CLnC. Using the optimized conditions, the effects of TLN concentration and other selective limiting parameters, including the denaturation of enzyme, aw and the formation of glycerol layer, on the mass productivity (PM), enzymatic productivity (PE) and volumetric productivity (PV) of the interesterification reaction were investigated. Using 80 mM TLN, the maximum PM of 15.5 mg CLnC/g substrates/h was obtained; however, using 200 mM TLN, the maximum PE and PV were 0.07 mg/enzyme unit/h and 6.1 g CLnC/L/h, respectively. The addition of 3 mg Silica gel to the reaction medium resulted in 52.0, 37.3 and 37.3% increase in PM, PE and PV, respectively.

No description available.

Graduation date: 1948