The General Organization for Technical Education and Vocational Training, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, has developed a special feeding program for the students at its institutions. The effects of this program on the nutritional and health status of these students have not been evaluated yet, and since no published dietary research has been performed on Technical and Vocational young adult male students, the present work was undertaken to investigate the nutritional status of this community in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After a pilot survey, it was decided to use a selfcompleted questionnaire combined with personal interview to investigate the nutritional status of 690 students randomly selected from the study population. Dietary data was collected by two methods: usual weekly intakes "diet history" and actual daily intakes "diet diary". The nutrient intakes were calculated using the unilever Dietary Analysis Program (UNIDAP). The statistical Package for the social Science (SPSS/PC+) was employed to analyse the data; statistical significance of relationships between certain sets of data was determined by chi-square analysis. Some general factors affecting the nutritional status of these students were identified, their nutritional habits and attitudes were investigated, and the average daily intakes of energy, the macronutrients, and selected micronutrients were calculated. The main results of this study shows that the majority of the study population are adolescent, moderately active individuals, and have lower than the standard range of the Body Mass Index; anaemia is the most stated health problem; meal-skipping and eating between meals are common habits amongst the students. Regarding nutrient intake, there was an energy, polyunsaturated fat, and vitamin C deficiency; adequate intake of saturated fat, dietary fibre, retinol, and zinc; more than adequate intake of protein, total fat, cholesterol, thiamin, riboflavin, calcium, and iron. Recommendations are given which aim to improve the nutrition of technical and vocational students.

Orientador: Maria José Roncada / Resumo: Este estudo avaliou a ingestão da vitamina A em gestantes que realizavam acompanhamento pré-natal em centro de Saúde de Catanduva, SP a adequação utilizou os critérios propostos pela DRI (Dietary Reference Intakes) de vitamina A, de acordo com as recomendações para EAR (estimated average requirement) de 550µg ER e da UL (tolerable upper intake level) de 3000µg ER. Foram estudadas setenta e duas gestantes, com idade entre 19 e 37 anos, em diferentes estágios da gestação. Para avaliação da ingestão dos alimentos fontes foi utilizado o inquérito dietético simplificado proposto pelo IVACG (International Vitamin A Consultative Group), já validado. O consumo de alimentos fortificados, de suplementos vitaminicos com vitamina A e os possíveis tabus e aversões alimentares atribuidos aos alimentos fontes de vitamina A também foram avaliados, utilizando-se questionários específicos...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Read the abstract in the section 00front of this document. / Thesis (DPhil (Food Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Food Science / unrestricted

Sorghum foods contribute significantly to the protein intake of millions of people in developing countries. One limitation to sorghum’s use as a protein source is that its proteins become less digestible on wet cooking, primarily through the formation of disulphide-linked enzymatically resistant protein polymers. Irradiation of foods can modify bonds involved in stabilizing protein structure, resulting in changes in the protein. The effects of irradiating sorghum cultivars BR7 and Madjeri, and maize cultivar PAN 6043 flours under mild (10 kGy dry) and severe (50 kGy dry and 10 and 50 kGy wet) conditions, followed by cooking into porridge on the digestibility, solubility and some molecular properties of their proteins, were investigated. Pepsin and multienzyme methods of determining protein digestibility (PD) were compared. As expected, pepsin PD of sorghum decreased more with cooking alone (12-18%) compared to maize (4%). Sorghum porridges had more disulphide-bonded prolamin dimers than maize as shown by SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions. However, the amounts of disulphide bonds in both porridges appeared similar. Prolamin extractability (PE) decreased more with cooking in sorghum compared to maize. There was no significant correlation between the pepsin and multienzyme methods, suggesting the latter may not simulate in vivo PD that has been reported to correlate positively with pepsin PD. Mild and severe irradiation of sorghum flour before cooking alleviated somewhat the reduction in sorghum PD on cooking. Maize porridge digestibility was unaffected by prior irradiation of dry flour but decreased with irradiation of wet flour. Mild irradiation of sorghum alleviated the reduction in PD with cooking most, almost to the level of uncooked flour. The alleviation in PD coincided with alleviation in the reduction in PE. With severe irradiation, the alleviation in PE was not consistent. Pepsin PD was positively correlated with PE for sorghum BR7 (r=0.83, p<0.01) and Madjeri (r=0.75, p<0.05), but not for maize. Copyright / Thesis (PHD)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Food Science / unrestricted

No description available.

N.A.

Background: Adolescent childbearing and maternal malnutrition are common in low- and middle-income countries and are associated with increased risk for poor maternal and infant outcomes. Adolescent pregnancy compounded with moderate malnutrition exacerbates outcomes common to both individually. Supplementary foods may be a way to improve outcomes in malnourished adolescent pregnant women. Objective: To retrospectively assess maternal and infant outcomes in moderately malnourished pregnant young adolescents (16-17 YO), older adolescents (18-19 YO), and adults (≥20 YO) in response to one of three nutritional interventions and in a pooled treatment group analysis, and to assess differences in infant outcomes by infant gender. Methods: Height, weight, MUAC, and FH were measured in pregnant women with MUAC >20.6 cm and < 23.0 cm at baseline (N=1828) every 2 weeks over the course of enrollment while receiving either: 1) macro- and micronutrient fortified, peanut-based, ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF), 2) corn-soy blended flour with a prenatal multiple micronutrient supplement (CSB-UNIMMAP), or 3) corn-soy blended flour with iron and folic acid (CSB-IFA). Each provided approximately double the RDA of most micronutrients, 900 kcal/day and 33-36 g/day protein. Postpartum maternal and infant measurements were taken at delivery, and after 6 and 12 weeks. Maternal age at enrollment variable was transformed from a continuous variable into a categorical variable; young adolescent (16-17 YO), older adolescent (18-19 YO), and adults (≥20 YO). General linear models with normal errors were used to compare: 1. Adolescent maternal and infant outcomes by intervention, 2. Adolescent maternal and infant outcomes by maternal age within each intervention group, 3. Maternal and infant outcomes in a pooled treatment analysis by maternal age, 4. Interaction effects between maternal age and intervention, 5. Infant outcomes by infant gender. If differences between groups were detected, they were tested using the Tukey HSD test (response) or the likelihood ratio-based odds ratios (categorical). Odds ratios were measured using effects likelihood ratio tests via logistic regression. Response variables included in the analyses were BMI and fundal height at enrollment. Results: There were 297 young adolescents, 582 older adolescents, and 949 adults enrolled. Adolescents enrolled in the study at a younger gestational age than the adult mothers. Upon enrollment, BMI was greater and FH was smaller in the adolescent mothers than adults. At delivery, adolescent mothers had gained less weight on treatment, delivered with a lower final MUAC and FH, had increased odds of delivering extremely prematurely, and the greatest odds for delivering before recovery from malnutrition (MUAC ≥23.0 cm). Infants of young adolescent mothers were inferior anthropometrically to infants of the older mothers and had greatest odds of being underweight and stunted through 12 weeks of age. Young adolescents had the greatest odds for delivering LBW infants compared to the adults. Catch up growth was observed in the infants of older adolescents by 12 weeks of age; however, no catch up was observed for the infants of young adolescents. No one intervention was more helpful than another in determining maternal and infant outcomes of the adolescent mothers, and male infants had greater odds of being underweight and stunted at 6 and 12 weeks of age. Conclusions: Although adolescents did not appear to have characteristics of more severe clinical malnutrition, such as lower BMI, lower maternal height, and increased rates of HIV at baseline, maternal and infant outcomes were worse for the adolescent mothers compared to the older, more mature mothers. Adolescents gained less weight during pregnancy and delivered smaller infants that were unable to catch up linearly and with weight gain. Pregnant adolescents, particularly young adolescents, are a high-risk population and public health efforts should be made to delay the age of first pregnancy.

No description available.

Thesis. 1976. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science. / Microfiche copy available in Archives and Science. / Bibliography: leaves 121-127. / M.S.

No description available.