Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:07:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / As indústrias de fundição e galvanoplastia têm sido investigadas visando melhorar seu processo produtivo de forma a eliminar os possíveis impactos ambientais e melhorar a qualidade de vida e a saúde pública. Na cidade de Loanda-PR existem 23 empresas desse ramo. No presente estudo foi realizada uma avaliação ambiental em amostras de solo coletadas ao redor da maior indústria da região, através da caracterização físico-química do solo e da determinação da concentração dos metais e elementos traço (Ag, Al, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) extraídos por HNO3, para determinação da fração parcial do metal, e por EDTA, para determinação da mobilidade dos metais. O solo da região apresentou-se arenoso, ácido e com baixos índices de matéria orgânica e capacidade de troca catiônica. A determinação dos metais mostrou incremento de Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni e Pb apenas nos pontos adjacentes à indústria e um alto índice de mobilidade de Cr e Ni. Isso mostra que o solo da região não requer remediação, porém, ainda existe uma preocupação com o lençol freático. Evidencia também a necessidade urgente de melhorias no processo produtivo. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Segundo uma pesquisa recente realizada junto ao setor de fundições, uma importante preocupação do setor é melhorar seu planejamento de produção. Um plano de produção em uma fundição envolve duas etapas interdependentes: a determinação das ligas a serem fundidas e dos lotes que serão produzidos. Neste trabalho, estudamos o problema de dimensionamento de lotes para fundições de pequeno porte, cujo objetivo é determinar um plano de produção de mínimo custo. Como sugerido na literatura, a heurística proposta trata as etapas do problema de forma hierárquica: inicialmente são definidas as ligas e, posteriormente, os lotes que são produzidos a partir delas. Para a solução do problema, propomos um algoritmo genético que explora um conjunto de possibilidades para a determinação das ligas e utiliza uma heurística baseada em relaxação lagrangiana para determinação dos itens a serem produzidos. Além disso, uma abordagem para o mesmo problema é proposta utilizando o problema da mochila para determinar os itens a serem produzidos. Bons resultados foram obtidos pelos métodos propostos / According to a recent research made by the foundry sector, one of the most concern of the industry is to improve its production planning. A foundry production plan involves two independent stages: the determination of alloys to be merged and the lots that will be produced. In this work, we studied the lot-sizing problem for small foundries, whose purpose is to determine a plan of minimum production cost. As suggested in the literature, the heuristic proposed addresses the problem stages in a hierarchical way: rst we dene the alloys and, subsequently, the lots that are produced from them. We propose a genetic algorithm that explores some possible sets of alloys produced and uses a Lagrangian heuristic to determine the items to be produced. Also, we propose one approach to the same problem that uses the knapsack problem to determine the items to be produced. Good results were obtained by the methods proposed

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Engineering: Industrial Date: 11 October 2016 / This research investigates Transnet‟s Foundry Quality System, focusing on the quality issues in the Foundry. This includes determining the total cost of quality for the business, investigating the impact of the specific defects on the productivity of the business. Two products were analysed namely, the top centre casting and the brake shoe holders. Root cause analysis was done on each stage of the Foundry process to understand the causes of defects. Data was collected and analysed and most of the defects that occur were found to be the result of poor quality management which consequently causes low productivity and low profits. Also identified was a lack of skilled personnel in specific areas in the Foundry. Furthermore data collection as part of the quality system in the Foundry is not effectively executed and this implies that performance cannot be fully measured. Non Compliance reports from customers were analysed and the total cost of quality was calculated to be R1 214 690.73 based on the data that was available. The impact of defects on productivity was also analysed for the financial year 2014/2015 and it was calculated to be 47% for the brake shoe holders. The target for the Foundry for the financial year was R4 048 799.30 for the actual productivity in sales amounted to R 1 915 510.60. For the top centre the estimated target for the financial year 2014/2015 was R6 271 500.00 and the actual productivity amounted to R3 305 250.00. Statistical process control charts were drawn and it was discovered that some of the machines owned by the business are not capable of producing to specification. Qualifound was identified as a framework to improve the Transnet foundry quality system. It is recommended that top management be educated in the concept of cost of quality and its impact on business profitability and that skilled quality coordinators be appointed to facilitate continuous quality maintenance. / MT2017

The typical industrial enterprise has, to a large degree, been slow in accepting and implementing statistical principles in an overall program designed to improve the efficiency of the enterprise and its included functions. Where statistical principles are used, they are for the most part limited to purely mechanical functions involving specific machinery applications. This thesis proposes that the limited use of statistical principles in purely mechanical applications makes use of only a small portion of the potential benefits available through more effective use of the principles involved in the science called Statistical Quality Control. This thesis proposes that through a systematic training program, beginning with use of control chart techniques in day to day operations, the responsible individuals comprising the four business functions, Specification, Production, Inspection, and Sales, may be made to realize the importance of the statistical term capability~of-process. Once the four functions are familiar with the true meaning of capability-of-process, this thesis proposes that the four functions will be better equipped to operate inter-functionally and intra-functionally in a controlled manner. The obvious advantage in operating within an overall capability-of-process framework lies in the ability of the users of such a system to attain realistic goals whether they be in the form of specifications or otherwise. Also of importance is the ability to know within predictable limits what may be expected from processes. This thesis proposes that processes must be defined in a broad sense to include the human, or, the organizational aspects involved in the enterprise. For illustrative purposes, a typical production foundry-machine shop complex was used for research data supporting the thesis. The research data results from a six year association of the researcher with the example enterprise. / Master of Science

Master of Science

The challenge facing South African foundries today are compliance with the environmental legislations while maintaining a high production rate. The focus of this study is to assist foundries to comply with National Environment Management Air Quality Act 39 of 2004. The aim of the study is to achieve a foundry with high production rate with low energy consumption and low emissions, while complying with air quality legislation. Data was collected from foundries within the Cities of Ekurhuleni and Johannesburg. Foundries were requested to provide information such as the raw materials feed rate, and production rate, emission units, type of energy used and consumption rates. Seventeen foundries participated in this study. Data collected from these foundries assisted in determining the emissions rate generated during production process. Emissions were quantified from the foundries using emission factors. In this study electricity and natural gas were found to be the most preferred source of energy in the foundries. An energy intensity relationship exists, for both electricity and natural gas and its production rate. The results indicated efficiency of energy intensity of 0.25 to 6.37 GJ/Tonne in the foundries. Selection of furnace used by the facilities plays an important role on the energy saving and emission reduction. Foundries that need to reduce particulate matters on the melting should consider electric arc furnace because it generate less particulate matters than open hearth. Foundries that would like to reduce sulphur dioxide should consider electric arc furnace rather than open hearth. Foundries that have challenges on the NOx should consider open hearth furnace than electric arc. An installation of suitable abatement systems should also be considered for the reduction of other pollutants. Results indicated that installation of abatement system at 95% efficiency will decrease emission rates by twenty times. Study reveals that 3.93 kg is polluted to the atmosphere per tonne of production in a month for the foundries that do not have abatement system and installation of abatement system will decrease air pollution from 3.93 to 0.20 kg per tonne to the atmosphere / Civil and Chemical Engineering / M. Tech. (Chemical Engineering)

A indústria de fundição produz uma vasta gama de itens com presença na cadeia produtiva de vários setores da economia. São gerados pelo setor, desde itens simples de uso doméstico até itens sofisticados, utilizados por indústrias de base e pelo setor de autopeças. Por ser um segmento muito importante para a economia brasileira, estudos visando melhorar sua eficiência são fundamentais para assegurar sua competitividade em relação ao cenário mundial. Segundo a literatura, um dos principais fatores que influenciam sua produtividade é o planejamento da produção. Nos últimos anos, os investimentos nesta área vem aumentando e tem recebido mais atenção do ponto de vista acadêmico. Esta dissertação aborda o planejamento da produção em fundições de pequeno porte, cujas principais decisões são: decidir quais ligas fundir nos fornos disponíveis e quais itens devem ser vazados a partir das ligas fundidas. Uma questão ainda não considerada na literatura é a obrigatoriedade de completar a produção de todos os itens de um pedido para que este seja considerado atendido e entregue ao cliente. No entanto, em muitos casos reais, um pedido não pode ser atendido parcialmente, ou seja, os itens que compõem esse pedido podem fazer parte de um mesmo item final. Em outros casos, o pedido pode ser atendido parcialmente, mas incorre-se em custos adicionais de expedição. Esta dissertação busca preencher esta lacuna, para tanto, propomos: (1) um modelo matemático para tratar o problema de planejamento da produção de pedidos em fundições de pequeno porte; (2) um modelo para tratar a possibilidade de múltiplas entregas para o problema estudado. Além disso, também é proposta uma heurística Relax-and Fix (relaxe-e-fixe) para a solução do problema integrado / The foundry industry produces plenty of different items present in various sectors of the economy. Such items range from simple household gadgets to sophisticated devices used by basic industries and the auto parts sector. This industry is important for the Brazilian economy and studies aiming at the improvement of its efficiency are fundamental to ensure its competitiveness worldwide. As highlighted in the literature, an important factor that influences the production in the sector is the produiction planning.; In recent years, the investments in this area have been increasing and more attention has been drawn by academic studies. This dissertation deals with the production planning in small foundries, whose major decisions are the determination of the alloys to the merged and items to be produced. A question that still has not considered in the literature is the obligation to complete the production of the orders to be delivered to the client. However, in many real cases, an order cannot bi partially delivered, that is, the pieces, which are parts of the order, may be pats of the final product. In other cases, the order may be partially delivered, but with additional expedition costs. In this dissertation the objective is close that question, so we propose: (1) a mathematical model for production-planning problem of complete orders for small foundry industry; (2) a mathematical model to treat the possibility of partial delivery to the sama problem. Furthermore, we proppose a Relax-and-Fix heuristic for the integrated model

Thesis (M.Env.St.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geographical and Environmental Studies, 2000. / Bibliography: leaves 123-130.

No description available.

A indústria de fundição produz uma vasta gama de itens com presença na cadeia produtiva de vários setores da economia. São gerados pelo setor, desde itens simples de uso doméstico até itens sofisticados, utilizados por indústrias de base e pelo setor de autopeças. Por ser um segmento muito importante para a economia brasileira, estudos visando melhorar sua eficiência são fundamentais para assegurar sua competitividade em relação ao cenário mundial. Segundo a literatura, um dos principais fatores que influenciam sua produtividade é o planejamento da produção. Nos últimos anos, os investimentos nesta área vem aumentando e tem recebido mais atenção do ponto de vista acadêmico. Esta dissertação aborda o planejamento da produção em fundições de pequeno porte, cujas principais decisões são: decidir quais ligas fundir nos fornos disponíveis e quais itens devem ser vazados a partir das ligas fundidas. Uma questão ainda não considerada na literatura é a obrigatoriedade de completar a produção de todos os itens de um pedido para que este seja considerado atendido e entregue ao cliente. No entanto, em muitos casos reais, um pedido não pode ser atendido parcialmente, ou seja, os itens que compõem esse pedido podem fazer parte de um mesmo item final. Em outros casos, o pedido pode ser atendido parcialmente, mas incorre-se em custos adicionais de expedição. Esta dissertação busca preencher esta lacuna, para tanto, propomos: (1) um modelo matemático para tratar o problema de planejamento da produção de pedidos em fundições de pequeno porte; (2) um modelo para tratar a possibilidade de múltiplas entregas para o problema estudado. Além disso, também é proposta uma heurística Relax-and Fix (relaxe-e-fixe) para a solução do problema integrado / The foundry industry produces plenty of different items present in various sectors of the economy. Such items range from simple household gadgets to sophisticated devices used by basic industries and the auto parts sector. This industry is important for the Brazilian economy and studies aiming at the improvement of its efficiency are fundamental to ensure its competitiveness worldwide. As highlighted in the literature, an important factor that influences the production in the sector is the produiction planning.; In recent years, the investments in this area have been increasing and more attention has been drawn by academic studies. This dissertation deals with the production planning in small foundries, whose major decisions are the determination of the alloys to the merged and items to be produced. A question that still has not considered in the literature is the obligation to complete the production of the orders to be delivered to the client. However, in many real cases, an order cannot bi partially delivered, that is, the pieces, which are parts of the order, may be pats of the final product. In other cases, the order may be partially delivered, but with additional expedition costs. In this dissertation the objective is close that question, so we propose: (1) a mathematical model for production-planning problem of complete orders for small foundry industry; (2) a mathematical model to treat the possibility of partial delivery to the sama problem. Furthermore, we proppose a Relax-and-Fix heuristic for the integrated model