As an alternative to transverse spiral or hoop steel reinforcement, fiber reinforced polymers (FRPs) were introduced to the construction industry in the 1980's. The concept of concrete-filled FRP tube (CFFT) has raised great interest amongst researchers in the last decade. FRP tube can act as a pour form, protective jacket, and shear and flexural reinforcement for concrete. However, seismic performance of CFFT bridge substructure has not yet been fully investigated. Experimental work in this study included four two-column bent tests, several component tests and coupon tests. Four 1/6-scale bridge pier frames, consisting of a control reinforced concrete frame (RCF), glass FRP-concrete frame (GFF), carbon FRP-concrete frame (CFF), and hybrid glass/carbon FRP-concrete frame (HFF) were tested under reverse cyclic lateral loading with constant axial loads. Specimen GFF did not show any sign of cracking at a drift ratio as high as 15% with considerable loading capacity, whereas Specimen CFF showed that lowest ductility with similar load capacity as in Specimen GFF. FRP-concrete columns and pier cap beams were then cut from the pier frame specimens, and were tested again in three point flexure under monotonic loading with no axial load. The tests indicated that bonding between FRP and concrete and yielding of steel both affect the flexural strength and ductility of the components. The coupon tests were carried out to establish the tensile strength and elastic modulus of each FRP tube and the FRP mold for the pier cap beam in the two principle directions of loading. A nonlinear analytical model was developed to predict the load-deflection responses of the pier frames. The model was validated against test results. Subsequently, a parametric study was conducted with variables such as frame height to span ratio, steel reinforcement ratio, FRP tube thickness, axial force, and compressive strength of concrete. A typical bridge was also simulated under three different ground acceleration records and damping ratios. Based on the analytical damage index, the RCF bridge was most severely damaged, whereas the GFF bridge only suffered minor repairable damages. Damping ratio was shown to have a pronounced effect on FRP-concrete bridges, just the same as in conventional bridges. This research was part of a multi-university project, which is founded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation Research (NEESR) program.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / This dissertation is a presentation to generalize boundedness and pseudocompactness in pointfree topology. We rst obtain and introduce a boundedness notion for elements of a frame. This is then further inspiration to introduce a de nition of bounded frame homomorphism whose domain may be any frame E, not just the frame of open sets of the reals.

This thesis seeks to understand how architecture and concepts of movement can inform each other. In this context, the relationships of permeable frame and impenetrable mass become the main constituents of a space in which movement is celebrated. A frame system serves as the principal container for movement, providing a sense of order and orientation defined by architectural rhythm and regularity. Conceptually, the solid mass operates as the grounding element in which the more delicate frames hosting the dancers are secured and presented. The thesis proposes that contrasting notions of frame and mass are together able to foster an architecture, a spatial realm in which the culture of dance can teach and present the quintessential choreographed artistic human movements that we deeply admire. / Master of Architecture / This thesis seeks to understand how architecture and concepts of movement can inform each other. Architecture can use elements of frame and mass to assist in the presentation of movement. The frame provides a sense of order and orientation and acts as the container of movement. Mass provides solidity and acts as a grounding element in which it is able to receive the frame and present it forward. These interactions reveal the duality of the mass and the frame, the static and the dynamic, to enhance the spectacle of movement.

This work is a study of the relationship between frame, infill, and earth. A search of structure defining space through threshold. Ultimately, it proposes a structural frame as a collection of rooms. / Master of Architecture

Future frame prediction is a difficult but useful problem to solve in deep learning. The technology can be used to predict future occurrences in a video, anticipate anomalies, and aid autonomous devices in smart decision making. Although there is potential with frame prediction technology, there is still progress that needs to be made with it. As the predicted frame becomes farther away from the last input frame, the image becomes blurry and distorted. This indicates that the model is more uncertain about the motion occurring in the image frame. To reduce model uncertainty shown in predictions, optical flow information from each video was extracted and combined with the video frames. An optical flow-based approach is uncommon in frame prediction and has not been implemented with a fully Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based architecture. In this work, the change in image quality evaluation metrics and overall image quality is analyzed across 4 different datasets between a state-of-the-art frame prediction model and a modified model that combines optical flow information. The results demonstrate that adding optical flow information improves the model Mean Squared Error (MSE) by 4.11% and its Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM) by 0.41% for the Moving MNIST dataset. Optical flow improved the SSIM value of Taxi BJ, KTH, and KITTI by 0.02%, 0.011%, and 1.297% respectively. While there was a consistent improvement in performance, the models still need more improvement in terms of the quality of images predicted in the distant future. / Master of Science / Future frame prediction is a technology that allows computers to predict what future video frames will look like. This can be used to predict future occurrences in a video, anticipate anomalies, and aid autonomous devices in smart decision making. Although there is potential with frame prediction technology, there is still progress that needs to be made with it. As the predicted frame becomes farther away from the last input frame, the image becomes blurry and distorted. This indicates that the model is more uncertain about the motion occurring in the image frame. To reduce model uncertainty shown in predictions, optical flow information from each video was extracted and combined with the video frames. Optical flow is the change in direction and magnitude of a moving object in a video. This type of information is helpful for making frame predictions because it gives the model additional information on how objects are moving to base its predictions on. In this work, the change in image quality evaluation metrics and overall image quality is analyzed across 4 different datasets between a state-of-the-art frame prediction model and a modified model that combines optical flow information. The results demonstrate that adding optical flow information improves the model Mean Squared Error (MSE) by 4.11% and its Structural Similarity Index Metric (SSIM) by 0.41% for the Moving MNIST dataset. Optical flow improved the SSIM value of Taxi BJ, KTH, and KITTI by 0.02%, 0.011%, and 1.297% respectively. While there was a consistent improvement in performance, the models still need more improvement in terms of the quality of images predicted in the distant future.

ITC/USA 2011 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Seventh Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2011 / Bally's Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada / Many engineers have tried to detect and correct erroneous data in telemetry communications. The best source selector can be used to combine data from two or more bit synchronizers to reduce frame error rates. An error-correcting code can be used as well. These techniques are absolutely helpful to obtain reliable telemetry data. However, some errors still remain and must be removed. This paper introduces the way to effectively merge multiple PCM files that are saved in different receiving sites, and shows nearly errorless data resulting from merging flight test data using a PC-based frame optimizer, which is a developed program.

Abstract Knowledge Management System (KMS) has been receiving considerable attention in this decade and information technology (IT) is emphasized in KMS literature. Organizational members¡¦ interpretation toward IT, however, may strongly influence the results of IT introduction and implementation. This research perceives that this perspective is seldom explored in KMS literature thus investigates a Taiwanese IC testing company to study how its members¡¦ interpretations toward a KMS technology would cause the resistance. This research adopts Orlikowski & Gash¡¦s technological frame as a theoretical background to conduct the interpretive research. Related data collecting was mainly through unstructured interview(s). The result shows that there have been three different categories of interpretation (MIS manager, board masters, general users and system developers) toward the KMS technology. This research argues that the difference of interpretation among the three produced an undiscussable conflict and hence the consequent behavior marked down the usage of KMS. This research also attempts to find out how their interpretations were formed based on data available. This research also holds that though technological frame can reveal what one¡¦s interpretations are, it cannot tell us how they are formed.

The importance of education creates a need to better frame education issues for the public and policymakers. This thesis builds on framing theory to examine whether framing educational issues domestically or internationally affects support for increased educational spending. It tests straightforward hypotheses about one-sided frame exposure in a survey experiment conducted via Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. The findings have implications for approaches that may be effective for generating support for education funding in the U.S.. By determining the best frame to use to motivate educational support, policymakers can better tailor their strategies and platforms in the media and communication with the public.

The consulting firm Atkins has developed a tool to help constructers plan urban areas but the tool is lacking data about embodied carbon in Sweden. The embodied carbon is the total carbon dioxide equivalents that are emitted from the material used in constructing a residential building as well as the energy used at the construction site and during demolition. In this thesis, the embodied carbon for a concrete framed building and a wooden framed building is calculated and presented. The mapping of embodied carbon for the two different framed buildings is done with a life cycle assessment perspective. In order to structure the studied system, the life cycle of the buildings is divided into three stages. The first stage includes data and calculations about the extraction and manufacturing of the most common building materials as well as the transportation to construction site. Stage 2 presents information about theon-site construction which includes, among other things, use of machines for constructing a residential building. In the third stage, data regarding demolition and end of life management are presented and calculated. All these three stages are added and a value for total embodied carbon for concrete framed residential buildings and wooden framed ones is presented in the result. The final result shows that the studied concrete framed residential building contains more embodied carbon than the wooden framed one. Further, stage 1 represents the largest part of embodied carbon, 87% for the concrete frame and 84% for the wooden frame, and stage 2 represents a very small part for both types of buildings, 1% for the concrete frame and 2% for the wooden fame.

Rezension zu Wehling, Elisabeth. 2016. Politisches Framing: Wie eine Nation sich ihr Denken einredet – und daraus Politik macht. Köln: Herbert von Halem Verlag.