This study has successfully identified transcripts differentially expressed in the salivary gland and midgut and provides candidate genes that are critical to response to parasite invasion. Furthermore, an open-source Glossina resource (G-ESTMAP) was developed that provides interactive features and browsing of functional genomics data for researchers working in the field of Trypanosomiasis on the African continent.

This work examines various asymptotic edge-decomposition problems on graphs. A G-group divisible design (G-GDD) of type [g_1, ..., g_u] and index lambda is a decomposition of the edges of the complete lambda-fold multipartite graph H, with groups (maximal independent sets) G_1, ..., G_n, |G_i| = g_i, into graphs (blocks) isomorphic to G. We shall also examine special types of G-GDDs (such as G-frames) and prove that, given all parameters except u, these structures exist for all asymptotically large u satisfying the necessary conditions. Our primary technique is to invoke a useful theorem of Lamken and Wilson on edge-colored graph decompositions. The basic construction for k-RGDDs shall be outlined at the end of the thesis.

This thesis addresses the results of an experimental and analytical investigation aimed at examining the static load-displacement response of braced plane frame structures composed of fiber reinforced polymeric (FRP) composite material structural members manufactured by the pultrusion process. In the experimental part of this investigation, eighteen full-scale lateral loading tests for FRP composite frames with different brace configurations and beam column connection types were performed. The load-displacement responses of such frames were measured and are reported herein. In the analytical part of this investigation, a frame analysis method that accounts for the anisotropic nature of FRP composite material structural members was investigated. The results from the experimental work are compared with the results from the analytical procedures. The effects of various structural parameters of the frame such as (1) effective mechanical material properties of members, (2) beam-column connection types, and (3) the influence of diagonal structural members on the lateral load-displacement response of the braced plane frames are also investigated. The numerical load-displacement results from the proposed FRP composite frames analysis procedure provided good agreement with the results from the full-scale laboratory tests.

Spanwise nonuniformity effects are modeled in the cross-sectional analysis of beam theory. This modeling adheres to an established numerical framework on cross-sectional analysis of uniform beams with arbitrary cross-sections. This framework is based on two concepts: decomposition of the rotation tensor and the variational-asymptotic method. Allowance of arbitrary materials and geometries in the cross-section is from discretization of the warping field by finite elements. By this approach, dimensional reduction from three-dimensional elasticity is performed rigorously and the sectional strain energy is derived to be asymptotically-correct. Elastic stiffness matrices are derived for inputs into the global beam analysis. Recovery relations for the displacement, stress, and strain fields are also derived with care to be consistent with the energy. Spanwise nonuniformity effects appear in the form of pointwise and sectionwise derivatives, which are approximated by finite differences. The formulation also accounts for the effects of spanwise variations in initial twist and/or curvature. A linearly tapered isotropic strip is analyzed to demonstrate spanwise nonuniformity effects on the cross-sectional analysis. The analysis is performed analytically by the variational-asymptotic method. Results from beam theory are validated against solutions from plane stress elasticity. These results demonstrate that spanwise nonuniformity effects become significant as the rate at which the cross-sections vary increases. The modeling of transverse shear modes of deformation is accomplished by transforming the strain energy into generalized Timoshenko form. Approximations in this transformation procedure from previous works, when applied to uniform beams, are identified. The approximations are not used in the present work so as to retain more accuracy. Comparison of present results with those previously published shows that these approximations sometimes change the results measurably and thus are inappropriate. Static and dynamic results, from the global beam analysis, are calculated to show the differences between using stiffness constants from previous works and the present work. As a form of validation of the transformation procedure, calculations from the global beam analysis of initially twisted isotropic beams from using curvilinear coordinate axes featuring twist are shown to be equivalent to calculations using Cartesian coordinates.

In 1996 the state of Nepal was challenged by a Maoist insurgency, resulting in a decade-long civil war. During the course of the subsequent peace process the parliamentary parties found themselves agreeing to significant political changes, including a republican constitution. This study approaches the Nepal case on the assumption that the discursive aspect of social relations is one important factor in understanding how specific events unfold and why actors do one thing and not another. Two frames are investigated using frame analysis in terms of their representation of problem, cause and solution: a terrorism frame from the period of conflict and a peace frame from the period of conflict resolution. The terrorism frame is categorised as a negative frame and the peace frame as a positive frame. This overarching difference is found to have implications for the effects of the respective frames. In contrast to traditional frame analysis, which tends to focus on the success of a frame and the effects on a specific audience, this study investigates the effects of frames on the actors involved in the framing process in terms of their perceived manoeuvrability for action. This approach is formalised in a model of four types of logic of actor effects that is applied to the Nepal case. The analysis of frame effects is based on first-hand interviews with key actors, such as former prime ministers and top leaders of political parties and civil society. From this material, the study gives insight into how the two frames influenced the actors’ perceived manoeuvrability. This actor-centred approach shows that the frames affected the actors in both enabling and restrictive ways and thus influenced the outcome in Nepal. For example, it is shown that frames created during the conflict were considered a prerequisite for the legitimate use of military force. The study also shows the unintended effects of framing, captured in the model as the effect of self-entrapment, and highlights the coercive character of ideas in making actors perceive themselves as forced to take a certain action or position.

The construction of reinforced concrete buildings with unreinforced infill is common practice even in seismically active country such as Bhutan, which is located in high seismic region of Eastern Himalaya. All buildings constructed prior 1998 were constructed without seismic provisions while those constructed after this period adopted seismic codes of neighbouring country, India. However, the codes have limited information on the design of infilled structures besides having differences in architectural requirements which may compound the structural problems. Although the influence of infill on the reinforced concrete framed structures is known, the present seismic codes do not consider it due to the lack of sufficient information. Time history analyses were performed to study the influence of infill on the performance of concrete framed structures. Important parameters were considered and the results presented in a manner that can be used by practitioners. The results show that the influence of infill on the structural performance is significant. The structural responses such as fundamental period, roof displacement, inter-storey drift ratio, stresses in infill wall and structural member forces of beams and column generally reduce, with incorporation of infill wall. The structures designed and constructed with or without seismic provision perform in a similar manner if the infills of high strength are used.

Thesis (Ph.D. in Biophysics & Genetics, Human Medical Genetics Program) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2007. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-147). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;

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[pt] As estruturas espaciais tubulares padronizadas vem sendo cada vez mais utilizadas na construção civil brasileira; observa-se porém, que o tipo das ligações que comumente estão presentes nestas construções são as do tipo excêntrica com ponta amassada, decorrentes do baixo custo econômico que estas oferecem. Pouco se sabe sobre o comportamento estrutural destas ligações, já que as normas que geralmente são adotadas para o cálculo das resistências das barras componentes do reticulado não levam em consideração a redução de inércia que é feita nas extremidades destas para a formação deste tipo de ligação. A não consideração da redução da inércia nas extremidades das barras tem levado à constatação de que é cada vez mais freqüente a presença de problemas de instabilidade estrutural que pode levar ao colapso parcial ou até mesmo total da estrutura. Por outro lado ainda existem estudos que comprovem a veracidade das hipóteses de cálculo que foram assumidas para este tipo de ligação. Com o objetivo de melhor compreender este comportamento, são abordados neste trabalho alguns aspectos estruturais e construtivos das estruturas metálicas espaciais, através de uma série de ensaios experimentais. Inicialmente apresenta-se um breve histórico dos sistemas estruturais. Isto é seguido de informações gerais a respeito da classificação das estruturas espaciais e do tipo de ligação mais usadas. A seguir é feito um estudo dos programas existentes na PUC-RIO e que foram utilizados para à análise estrutural da treliça espacial a ser ensaiada. Apresenta-se também um breve roteiro de cálculo para uma cobertura em treliça espacial. Finalmente são apresentados resultados experimentais de testes em escala real de uma estrutura de 12,0 x 12,0 m, avaliando os modos de ruínas presentes. Estes resultados são confrontados com os valores das resistências nominais de projeto seguindo as recomendações de norma. / [en] This work presents an investigation of the structural behaviour of tubular space trusses composed of continuous end flattened members stacked above each other and joined together by a single bolt. One of the main motivations for this work comes from the fact that this structural solution is very commonly used in Brazil. The main reasons for that are the economy achieved in fabrication and the simplicity of erection associated with that structural solution. This solution also proves to be competitive when compared to other commercial systems. On the other hand, the structural design of these trusses are still subjected to some criticism since the loss of stiffness in the bars´ extremities is not taken into account. To enlighten this problem a full-scale experimental programme was performed in a 12m x 12m space structure. The adopted structure consisted of a diagonal on square mesh with top and bottom chord members of 2000mm and 1414mm and a 1500mm mesh height. The aim of the this programme was to investigate the ultimate compression resistance of the structural members taking into account the effect of the flattened ends and the type of connection used. The experiments ranged from tests where all the structural nodes used a single eccentric bolt to others where plated connectors were used in the supports to eliminate second- order moments. The experimental results demonstrated that the ultimate resistance of the structure with the eccentric connections only presented a small reduction when compared to other non-eccentric systems. The tests also confirmed that the flattened end of the members and the geometric characteristics of plated connectors are very significant parameters in the structure´s ultimate behaviour. / [es] Las extructuras espaciales tubulares padronizadas han ganado mayor espacio en la construcción civil brasilera. No obstante, se observa que en estas construcciones, conmúnmente se utilizan uniones tipo excéntrica con punta suavizada, debido a su bajo costo. Poco se sabe sobre el comportamiento extructural de estas uniones, ya que las normas que generalmente se adoptan para el cálculo de las resistencias de las barras que componen el reticulado no consideran la reducción de inercia en las extremidades de las barras para la formación de este tipo de unión. Se ha constantado que al no considerar la reducción de la inercia en las extremidades de las barras aparecen com mayor frecuencia problemas de inestabilidad extructural que pueden llevar al colapso parcial o incluso total de la extructura. Por otro lado, existen estudios que comprueban la veracidad de las hipótesis de cálculo que fueron asumidas para este tipo de unión. Con el objetivo de comprender mejor este comportamiento, se abordan en este trabajo algunos aspectos extructurales y constructivos de las extructuras metálicas espaciales, a través de una serie de ensayos experimentales. Inicialmente se presenta un breve histórico de los sistemas extructurales, con informaciones generales sobre clasificación de las extructuras espaciales y los tipos de unión más usadas. Seguidamente se presentan los programas existentes en la PUC-RIO que fueron utilizados para el análisis extructural de la celosía espacial que sería ensayada. Se presenta también un breve algoritmo para el cálculo para una cobertura en celosía espacial. Finalmente se presentan los resultados experimentales de pruebas en escala real de una extructura de 12,0 x 12,0 n, evaluando los modos de ruínas presentes. Estes resultados se comparan con los valores de las resistencias nominales del proyecto siguiendo las recomendaciones de la norma.

Denna kandidatuppsats undersöker och jämför tre olika metoder för analys av film med grund i ett genusperspektiv. De metoder som undersöks är Bechdeltestet, Connotation Frames och slutligen en analysmetod som vi valt att referera till som Film Actor-Network Theory (FANT). Med FANT kan man analysera film genom att se till karaktärerna och deras fiktiva sociala nätverk. Filmerna som används för analys av metoderna är Juno (2007) och Fight Club (1999). Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka dessa analysmetoder och se hur effektivt de belyser jämställdhet i film. Resultatet är att dessa metoder belyser jämställdhet på olika sätt. Connotations Frames och FANT analyserar på en djupare och mer ingående nivå än Bechdeltestet. Connotation Frames ser till makt och agens i handling och dialog, och Bechdeltestet gör en snabb analys om två kvinnliga karaktärer pratar med varandra om något annat än män. Appliceras alla analysmetoder på en film kan det visa på ett resultat som är närmare en heltäckande genusanalys.