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Flash vacuum pyrolysis of stabilised phosphorus ylides. Part 17. Preparation of aliphatic amino acid derived gamma-alkoxycarbonyl-amino-beta-oxo ylides and pyrolysis to give alpha,beta-acetylenic gamma-amino acid and GABA analoguesKarodia, Nazira, Aitken, R.A., Massil, T., Young, R.J. January 2002 (has links)
No / A series of eleven alpha-aminoacyl stabilised phosphorus ylides 9-19 have been prepared by condensation of N-alkoxycarbonyl protected amino acids with Ph3P=CHCO2Et using a carbodiimide peptide coupling reagent. Upon ash vacuum pyrolysis at 600 degreesC, these undergo extrusion of Ph3PO to give the corresponding, alpha,beta-acetylenic gamma-amino esters 21-29, 33 and 34 in moderate yield. In two cases the terminal alkynes 30 and 31 are also formed. The beta-aminoacyl ylide 20 from beta-alanine similarly gives the alpha,beta-acetylenic delta-amino ester 35 upon pyrolysis. Regioselective addition of HBr to the triple bond of one acetylenic ester 25 was observed giving a mixture of E and Z alpha-bromoacrylates 36. Hydrogenation of the N-Cbz acetylenic esters 21-23 and 33 results in N-deprotection and hydrogenation of the triple bond to afford the chiral GABA analogues 37-40 in 70 --> 95% ee as determined by F-19 NMR of their Mosher amides. Fully assigned C-13 NMR spectra of all the ylides and acetylenic ester derivatives are presented.
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Study on the Secondary Metablities of the Formosan Soft Coral Sinularia facilechen, Bo-wei 24 August 2007 (has links)
Our chemical investigation on the soft coral Sinularia facile which was collected off the coast of Kengting, Taiwan, has led to the isolation of ten metabolites 1¡Ð10, including four cembranoids and six polyhydroxylated steroids. Cembranoids isolated are two new natural compounds, (3E,7E,11E,15E)-cembra-3,7,11,15-tetraen-1-ol (1) and (1R*,12R*,3E,7E,10E,15E)-cembra-3,7,10,15-tetraen-12-ol (2), and two known compounds diepoxycembrene A (3) and isocembrol A (4). Moreover, five new polyhydroxylated steroids, cholest-5-ene-1£\,3£]-diol- 11£\-monoacetate (5), cholesta-5,24-diene-1£\,3£] -diol-11£\-monoacetate (6), cholesta-5,24-diene-1£\,3£]-11£\-triol (7), 24- methylenecholesta-5-ene-1£\, 3£]-diol-11£\,18-diacetate (8) and 24(S)- methylcholest-5-ene-1£\,3£]-diol- 11£\-monoacetate (9), and one known compound, 24-methylenecholest-5- ene-1£\,3£],11£\-triol (10). The chemical structures of these compounds (1¡Ð10) were elucidated by spectroscopic evidences (IR, MS, 1D NMR, and 2D NMR) and by comparison of the spectral data of these compounds in the literature. Cytotoxicity of these compounds toward various cancer cell lines has also been determined.
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Structuring Gold Nanoparticles Using DNA: Towards Smart Nanoassemblies and Facile BiosensorsZhao, Weian January 2008 (has links)
<p>This thesis has exploited the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)/DNA conjugates towards 1) the development of simple colorimetric assays to monitor DNA functions and relevant biological processes, and 2) the control the nanoassembly of AuNPs using biomolecules and biological processes.</p>
<p>DNA has a number of attractive functions including specific biorecognition,
catalysis and being manipulated by protein enzymes, etc. These characteristics were exploited to permit nanoassembly to be responsive to a specific stimulus and also ensure the specificity and precision in the construction of well-defined 3D nanostructures. Meanwhile, the assembly or disassembly of AuNPs, which results in distinct color changes due to the localized surface plasmon resonance, provides an excellent platform
for the colorimetrically monitoring the DNA functions and the relevant biological processes.</p>
<p>We have specifically investigated how the surface charges, the length and
conformations of surface-tethered DNA polymers affect the assembly of AuNPs. We found that the colloidal stability of AuNPs can be well-tuned by nucleotides (small charged molecules) with various binding affinity to AuNP surface and/or different number of negatively-charged phosphate groups. This relies on the fact that nucleotides can bind to AuNP surface via nucleobase-Au interaction, and negatively charged
phosphates stabilize AuNPs via electrostatic repulsion. This investigation allowed us to monitor protein enzymatic reactions where nucleotides are modified by alkaline phosphatase and to control the growth of AuNPs using nucleotides as capping ligands.</p>
<p>We then investigated the effect of the length of DNA polymers on AuNP surface on AuNP colloidal stability. DNA-modified AuNPs are stabilized electrosterically at a relatively high salt concentration; the removal (or shortening) of the DNA molecules by enzymatic cleavage or the dissociation of DNA aptamers from AuNP surface upon binding to their target destabilizes AuNPs and results in AuNP aggregation. We attribute this to the loss of negatively-charged polymeric DNA molecules that initially served as
colloidal stabilizers. This has been applied to the monitoring of enzyme (both protein enzyme and DNA enzyme) cleavage of DNA molecules, and DNA aptamer binding event to its target, respectively.</p> <p> We also studied how DNA polymer conformational changes influence AuNP colloidal stability, which has been employed to monitor DNA aptamer folding events on
the AuNP surfaces. We found that AuNPs to which folded aptamer/target complexes are attached are more stable towards salt induced aggregation than those tethered to unfolded aptamers. Experimental results suggested that the folded aptamers were more extended on the surface than the unfolded (but largely collapsed) aptamers in salt solution. The
folded aptamers therefore provide higher stabilization effect on AuNPs from both the electrostatic and steric stabilization points of view.</p><p> Finally, we demonstrated the well-defined assembly of AuNPs using long
(hundred nanometers to microns) single-stranded (ss) DNA molecules as template in a three-dimensional (3D) fashion. Specifically, these long ssDNA containing repeating units are generated by protein enzymatic reaction (DNA extension through rolling circle amplification) on AuNP surface. The resultant product provides a 3D-like scaffold that can be subsequently used for periodical assembly of complementary DNA-attached nanospecies. </p> <p> We also expect that the facile colorimetric biosensing assays developed in this thesis work provide an attractive means to study biomolecular behaviors (e.g, biorecognition and conformational changes) on the surface, and to investigate other common DNA (or RNA) structural (e.g., triplex, G-quadruplex, hairpin, i-motif) and protein structural transitions.</p> <p> Finally, this thesis work provides some novel and general strategies for the control of nanoassemblies by tuning surface charges and surface-tethered polymers. We expect these principles can also be applied in other AuNP-based sensing platforms that exploit interparticle interactions and in the construction of well-defined nanostructures which involves other types of nano-scaled materials (e.g., quantum dots, nanotubes, nanowires, etc).</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Enhanced adsorptive removal of p-nitrophenol from water by aluminum metal–organic framework/reduced graphene oxide compositeWu, Zhibin, Yuan, Xingzhong, Zhong, Hua, Wang, Hou, Zeng, Guangming, Chen, Xiaohong, Wang, Hui, zhang, Lei, Shao, Jianguang 16 May 2016 (has links)
In this study, the composite of aluminum metal-organic framework MIL-68(Al) and reduced graphene oxide (MA/RG) was synthesized via a one-step solvothermal method, and their performances for pnitrophenol (PNP) adsorption from aqueous solution were systematically investigated. The introduction of reduced graphene oxide (RG) into MIL-68(Al) (MA) significantly changes the morphologies of the MA and increases the surface area. The MA/RG-15% prepared at RG-to-MA mass ratio of 15% shows a PNP uptake rate 64% and 123% higher than MIL-68(Al) and reduced graphene oxide (RG), respectively. The hydrogen bond and pi-pi dispersion were considered to be the major driving force for the spontaneous and endothermic adsorption process for PNP removal. The adsorption kinetics, which was controlled by film-diffusion and intra-particle diffusion, was greatly influenced by solution pH, ionic strength, temperature and initial PNP concentration. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms can be well delineated using pseudo-second-order and Langmuir equations, respectively. The presence of phenol or isomeric nitrophenols in the solution had minimal influence on PNP adsorption by reusable MA/RG composite.
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La représentation des événements dans les domaines non temporalisésSoare, Elena 15 November 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Ce dossier rassemble la majeure partie de ma recherche entre la fin de ma thèse (2002-2003) et le moment actuel. Mes efforts ont été consacrés à l'étude des domaines verbaux qui ne contiennent pas des marques de finitude, autrement dit des domaines verbaux non finis ou non temporalisés. Il s'agit de toute forme verbale ou dérivée de verbe qui ne présente pas de flexion temporelle ni d'accord personnel, mais en revanche peut présenter des marques d'aspect. C'est une particularité bien connue par exemple pour l'infinitif : faire vs. avoir fait, mais qui caractérise également, comme je le montre à travers les études réunies par le présent dossier, certains noms déverbaux (comme le supin nominal roumain) et participes, qui constituent le point central de mes recherches. Le mémoire de synthèse est décliné en 6 chapitres, dont le chapitre final présente les conclusions et les perspectives de recherche. Dans chacune des parties, sont présentés et discutés les résultats des travaux réunis dans le volume d'annexes. Après un chapitre d'entrée en la matière, qui présente les problématiques, le Chapitre 2 est consacré à la question de la catégorisation et du changement catégoriel dans la grammaire. L'absence de temps et de marques personnelles s'associe en effet à une indétermination catégorielle qui est le propre des domaines participiaux. C'est par la problématique des catégories lexicales que j'ai choisi de commencer cette présentation de mes contributions à la recherche linguistique. Les domaines sur lesquels je me concentre dans ma recherche mettent à défi toute théorie lexicaliste de la catégorisation, en raison de la variété des choix de propriétés mixtes qu'ils incarnent. Je plaide donc en faveur d'une théorie souple des catégories, dans une approche syntaxique à la formation des mots, où la catégorisation est le résultat de niveaux fonctionnels dédiés, donc en dernier lieu de l'environnement syntaxique. Le chapitre propose également une théorie générale des participes comme des domaines tronqués qui incluent une lacune, et à partir desquels on peut construire des domaines plus ou moins réduits, de structures et interprétations diverses. Les Chapitres 3 et 4 sont consacrés à la thématique des nominalisations. à savoir, les noms déverbaux comme construction ou assemblage, qui à travers les langues prennent des formes diverses, parfois dépourvues de marque explicite de nominalisation (à savoir des suffixes comme -age ou -tion), apparaissant donc comme des nominalisations de formes participiales ou même des formes fléchies. Les nominalisations sont également des domaines mixtes, réunissant dans une même projection des propriétés verbales et des propriétés nominales, ce qui leur a valu un intérêt constant dans la théorie linguistique. Menant ma recherche dans une perspective comparative, je formule des hypothèses inter-linguistiques notamment sur la question des propriétés aspectuelles des nominalisations, hypothèses qui par la suite se sont vu confirmer et élargir, prenant une portée paramétrique. Enfin, un retour sur le comportement des déverbaux en français s'est imposé, qui remet en question certains résultats et demande un élargissement de la perspective. Les propriétés essentielles que considère prioritairement sont l'aspect, la projection des arguments et leur nécessaire interaction. Etant donné qu'il s'agit de domaines où le temps n'est pas projeté, mais qui sont tout de même proches de la phrase, la présence de traits aspectuels est de manière logique une première possibilité d'explication du haut degré de " verbalité " de certaines nominalisations. J'ai surtout contribué à montrer que les nominalisations les plus verbales ont une structure complexe, et certaines, une interprétation pluriactionnelle (supin roumain). Mes hypothèses et généralisations sont raffinées en élargissant typologiquement les données au domaines germanique et slave. J'ai également contribué à une classification plus fine de l'ensemble des déverbaux en montrant dans quelles conditions les dénotations événementielles devaient correspondre à une structure interne de type verbal (étude sur les noms 'agentifs' en -eur). Enfin, la thématique peu étudiée des nominalisations d'état est également abordée. La présentation des résultats de mes recherches est insérée dans un aperçu de l'évolution de cette thématique au sein de la théorie grammaticale, vu que ce sujet, par l'intérêt qu'il a suscité, est un prisme excellent pour étudier l'histoire de la grammaire générative elle-même. Le Chapitre 5 est consacré à un pan plus ancien et en même temps moins développé de mes recherches, mais qui a une importance cruciale pour mon projet de recherche à partir de maintenant. Il s'agit des formes verbales non-finies comme l'infinitif et les participes, qui entrent dans des constructions de nature verbale comme des périphrases ou les structures prédicatives de type relative réduite ou constructions facile-à. Dans mes travaux sur les relatives infinitivales, (du type maison à vendre) menée de façon comparative sur les données du roumain, du français et de l'italien, je montre que ces constructions sont des relatives réduites à interprétation modale. J'étudie dans le détail la structure fonctionnelle de ces relatives, articulée sur une tête Pred vers laquelle se déplace le nominal le plus proche actif syntaxiquement. Cette analyse est étendue aux constructions de type facile à contenter, et je montre que la différence entre les infinitifs argumentaux et prédicatifs dans les langues romanes est celle entre des phrases complètes et des phrases réduites : les premières ont une position sujet et un trait EPP satisfait ; se qualifiant donc comme des " phases fortes ", tandis que les infinitives à lacune objet, construites par une opération de mouvement, n'ont pas ces propriétés, et se comportent comme des " phases faibles ". Cette distinction est corrélée à la nature des catégories fonctionnelles proposée pour rendre compte de ces propriétés. La dernière partie du chapitre est dédiés à la structure et à l'interprétation des participes et infinitifs dans les périphrases modo-aspectuelles et la complémentation non finie. Cette partie de ma recherche a son origine dans une section de ma thèse, portant sur les constructions avec a fi 'être' et a avea 'avoir' + supin en roumain. J'entreprends une étude des constructions avec auxiliaire et structure réduite participiale ou non finie (PredP), dans le but d'éclaircir les différents éléments qui contribuent à l'interprétation, et cela en comparaison avec mes autres recherches sur les nominalisations. L'évolution de ma recherche ainsi esquissée à travers mon document de synthèse peut se reconstruire à travers les travaux réunis dans le volume d'annexes. J'y ai inclus des travaux très " précoces ", publiés juste après la thèse et qui reprenaient des questions laissées ouvertes par celle-ci, jusqu'à des articles très récents et des projets en cours. Les publications sont regroupées en même temps par thèmes (nominalisations - prédications non finies) et chronologiquement dans la mesure du possible. On peut remarquer au fil des articles que les idées fortes qui ont jalonné ma recherche étaient présentes in nuce dans les travaux " précoces " et continuent d'être élaborés jusqu'à prendre une forme pleinement articulée dans les travaux récents ; c'est le cas par exemple des patrons nominaux et verbaux dans la nominalisation, de l'analyse pluriactionnelle du supin nominal, mais aussi de l'analyse des relatives réduites. Ce sont également des soucis de cohérence théorique de l'ensemble qui ont mené à développer des thématiques nouvelles comme l'analyse des noms d'agent.
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Rational Design Facile Synthesis of Boryl Anilines : Intriguing Aggregation Induced Emission and External Stimuli Responsive PropertiesSudhakar, Pagidi January 2015 (has links) (PDF)
The main thrust of this thesis is the development of facile synthetic routes for simple boryl anilines and study their structure-property correlations in both solid and solution states and to utilize this information to design functional materials with desired properties such as aggregation induced emission, mechanofluorochromism, and thiol sensors. This thesis contains eight chapters and the contents of each chapter are described below.
Chapter 1
The first chapter is an introduction to the theme of the thesis and presents a general review on the present work with emphasis on photophysics of triarylboron based donor-acceptor systems and their applications in various fields. In addition, advances in boron chemistry in the new frontier areas such as aggregation induced emission and mechanochromism are discussed in brief.
Chapter 2
The second chapter deals with the general experimental techniques and synthetic procedures utilized in this work.
Chapter 3
This chapter describes the rational design and synthesis of triarylborane bearing Unsubstituted amines, namely borylanilines (3.1-3.5). Compounds 3.1-3.4have similar donor and acceptor centres but differ their molecular conformations and also differ in the relative positions of amine moiety (para and meta). Compounds 3.1-3.4 contain one amine group while 3.5 contains two amine moieties. These compounds exhibit fascinating electrostatic intermolecular interactions, N −H- - -π in the crystal structure of 3.1, 3.2 and 3.4 and N −H--N interactions in crystal structure of 3.5. The solution state optical properties of 3.1-3.5 are typical of donor-acceptor (D-A) systems. Interestingly, compounds 3.3 and 3.5 showed unprecedented mechanochromic luminescent properties. Upon grinding, compound 3.3 showed color changes from blue to cyan blue and 3.5 showed intriguing color changes from blue to green and these color changes were found to be reversible. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 3.5BP (blue emission color crystal) and 3.5GP (green emission color crystal) clearly show that the color changes are due to the difference in their solid state packing.
Chapter 4
In chapter 4, the design and facile synthesis of boron based donor-acceptor (D-A) systems such as borylanilines 4.4-4.9 (D= -NH2 for 4.4-4.6 and -NMe2 for compounds 4.7-4.9) are reported. Compounds 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6 contain one, two or three -NH2 moiety(ies), respectively. Compounds 4.7, 4.8 and 4.9 contain one, two or three –NMe2 moiety(ies), respectively. A systematic investigation has been carried out to rationalize the effect of donor-acceptor ratio on the ICT process in borylanilines 4.4-4.9. The aryl spacer between donor amine and acceptor boron is kept the same in all the compounds to avoid the electronic effect of spacer on the ICT characteristics of these compounds. In the case of compounds 4.4-4.6, the increase in the number of donor -NH2 moieties does not affect their absorption profile, while in the case of compounds 4.7-4.9, the absorption spectra are shifted bathochromically with an increase in the number of donor-NMe2 moieties. Photoluminescence (PL) of 4.4-4.6 is significantly blue shifted with an increase in number of –NH2 moieties, while the PL of 4.7-4.9 was slightly blue shifted. The absorption and PL features of 4.4-4.6 are sensitive to the polarity of the solvent medium. In contrast, absorption profiles of 4.7-4.9 are not sensitive to the polarity of the solvent medium. The PL of these compounds is affected by the polarity of the solvent medium.
Chapter 5
This chapter deals with triarylboron based fluorescent probes (5.1-5.4) for the selective detection of thiophenols over aliphatic thiols. The probes were constructed by conjugating luminescent borylanilinies with luminescent quencher 2,4-dinitrobenzene sulfonyl (DNBS) moiety. In compound 5.1 and 5.2 the DNBS moiety is positioned at the para position with respect to the triarylborane moiety, while in 5.3 and 5.4 the DNBS moiety(ies) is(are) at the meta position(s). Probes 5.1-5.4 showed selective turn-on fluorescence response towards thiophenol. The fluorescence “off-on” switching mechanism of 5.1-5.4 against thiophenols was fully elucidated by theoretical calculations. Probes 5.1-5.4 are also capable of detecting thiophenols in the intra cellular environments.
Chapter 6
Design, facile synthesis and aggregation induced emission properties of a new series of novel triarylboron tethered N-aryl-1,8-naphthalimides (TAB-NPIs) 6.1-6.7 are described in this chapter. Systematic structural perturbation has been used for fine-tuning the optical and morphological properties of TAB- NPIs in both solid as well as in aggregated state. Compounds 6.1-6.7 are weekly luminescent in solutions. In contrast, all compounds (except compound 6.4) are strongly luminescent in the solid state and aggregated state in THF-H2O mixtures. The presence of sterically hindered boryl unit in 6.1-6.7 has endowed these molecules with unique AIE characteristics by preventing co-facial arrangements of NPI moieties. The propeller shape arrangement of TAB moiety in 6.1, 6.2, 6.5, 6.6 and 6.7 effectively prevents the aggregation induced emission quenching (AIEQ) and induce strong emission in the condensed state. In the solid state, compounds 6.1, 6.4, 6.5, and 6.6 generate an interesting supramolecular structure via intermolecular C-H--- and C-H---O interactions. No face to face intermolecular π---π interactions were found in the crystal structures of 6.1, 6.4, 6.5, and 6.6. This precludes the excimer formation which can be detrimental to the radiative process in these molecules. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of as prepared samples of 6.1-6.7 clearly indicate that the morphology of these compounds strongly depends on the molecular conformations and number of naphthalimide moieties in the TAB-NPI conjugates.
Chapter 7
This chapter deals with design, synthesis and optical properties of novel dimesitylboryl appended perylenediimides. A simple synthetic strategy has been developed for the construction of novel TAB-PDIs conjugates. These conjugates can be conveniently synthesised by condensation of boryl anilines with perylene tetracarboxylic acid anhydride. The incorporation of TAB moiety enhanced the solubility of perylen bisimides in common organic solvents. The PL quantum yield of both 7.1 and 7.2 strongly depends on the excitation wavelength. Lower Pl efficiency observed for 7.1 and 7.2 upon excitation in the boryl dominated absorption region may be due to the photon induced electron transfer form mesityl units of boryl to perylene bisimide moiety. The morphology as well as emission colours of supramolecular architectures of both 7.1 and 7.2 can be modulated by controlling the concentrations of DCM solutions of these compounds. Both the compounds showed selective fluorogenic response for F-1 and CN-1
anions. The simple synthetic strategy reported in this chapter can be conveniently exploited for the construction of TAB conjugates of semiconducting organic anhydrides.
Chapter 8
Novel planar chiral Lewis acids 8.3(SP, SS), 1-phosphino-2-borylferrocenes 8.4(SP) and 2-phosphino-1-borylferrocenes 8.4(RP) have been synthesized from a readily accessible ferrocene sulphinate precursor. Adopting a simple synthetic approach and a single precursor, enantiomerically pure SP and RP isomers have been prepared. It would be worthwhile to investigate the catalytic properties of compounds 8.3(SS), 8.4(SP) and 8.4(RP). It would also be interesting to replace the mesityl groups on boron with other electron deficient groups like pentafluorophenyl and 1,3,5-trifluoromethylphenyl to fine tune the Lewis acidity of boron center and to set-up a general route to enantiomerically pure Planar Chiral Frustrated Lewis Pairs (PCFLP’s).
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